Iğdır

Iğdır (856 m)
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010

	Iğdır
	; Center of Iğdır
Basic data
Province (il) :	Iğdır
Coordinates :	39 ° 55 ' N , 44 ° 3' E Coordinates: 39 ° 55 '15 " N , 44 ° 2' 40" E
Height :	861 m
Residents :	92,340 (2018)
Telephone code :	(+90) 476
Postal code :	76000
License plate :	76
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Structure :	14 Mahalle
Mayor :	Yaşar Akkuş ( HDP )
Website:	www.igdir.bel.tr
Iğdır County
Residents :	137,613 (2018)
Surface:	1,431 km²
Population density :	96 inhabitants per km²

Iğdır ( Armenian Իգդիր Igdir , after the ancient city also Ցոլակերտ Tsolakert ; Azerbaijani İğdır ; Kurdish Îdir ) is a city in the extreme east of Turkey , on the border with Armenia . It is the provincial capital of the province of the same name Iğdır , also forms a district and is located in the valley of the Aras in the northwest of the Ararat .

As the seat of the district of the same name ( Merkez ), it houses around 67 percent of the district's population. 41 villages ( Köy ) with a total of 30,772 inhabitants (751 per village) complete the district. The largest villages are: Aşağıerhacı (3,925), Karakuyu (2,802), Panik (2,775), Enginalan (2,478), Yüzbaşılar (2,476), Evci (1,541), Suveren (1,289), Gülpınar (1,035) and Tacirli (1,020 inhabitants) .

Demographics

Population development 2007 - 2018

The following table shows the comparative population level at the end of the year for the province, the central district and the city of Iğdır as well as the respective share at the higher administrative level. The figures are based on the address-based population register (ADNKS) introduced in 2007.

year	province	district		city
year	real	%	real	%	real
2018	197,456	69.69	137,613	67.10	92,340
2017	194,775	69.90	136.155	67.03	91,261
2016	192.785	69.76	134,480	66.36	89,247
2015	192.435	69.48	133,704	66.17	88,476
2014	192.056	68.79	132.110	65.53	86,567
2013	190.424	68.34	130.134	64.51	83,944
2012	190,409	67.74	128,976	64.09	82,656
2011	188,857	67.57	127,609	63.60	81,162
2010	184,418	67.01	123,570	63.05	77,912
2009	183,486	66.92	122,780	62.67	76,950
2008	184.025	66.21	121,848	62.23	75,824
2007	181,866	65.67	119,432	63.57	75,927

Results of the 1965-2000 census

In the table the results of the censuses are manifested. A subdivision is made into urban and rural areas, the urban area (şehir) only affects the district town of Iğdır, the rural area is the villages ( Köy ).

year	district	urban	rural
1965	58,222	15,701	42,521
1970	68.159	21,420	46,739
1975	81,618	29,542	52,076
1980	77,887	24,352	53,535
1985	89,269	29,460	59,809
1990	95,732	35,858	59,874
2000	102,648	59,880	42,768

history

The area around Iğdır probably belonged to Erekua in Urartian times . A grave field dates from this time, which was uncovered a few kilometers east on the road to Markara in 1913. With one exception, all burials were urn graves in crevices that were covered with stone slabs. The location allows the conclusion that a Urartian military base was located here.

The medieval Armenian city of Tsolakert (Ցոլակերտ) was probably located near the current city of Iğdır.

For a long time Iğdır was just a small village. Since 1555, the place belonged to the Persian Safavid Empire, apart from short periods under Ottoman rule (1578-1605, 1635-1636 and 1722-1746). After the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) Iğdır came under Russian rule and became a district seat in the Yerevan governorate . Under the tsarist rule, many Armenians settled in Iğdır (then Russian Игдир). In 1914 the population was 10,000, mostly Armenians. Iğdır had three churches at that time.

In 1917 Iğdır became part of the newly established Democratic Republic of Armenia . In the famine winter of 1918/1919, a significant part of its population perished. In 1919 Iğdır was promoted to city.

During the Turkish-Armenian War , Turkish units captured the city in September 1920. The Iğdır area was also formally assigned to Turkey by the Treaty of Kars .

At the 1897 census, the city of Iğdır had 4680 inhabitants, mostly Armenians (84%) and Russians (12%). As part of the genocide of the Armenians and as a result of the Turkish conquest in October 1920, the Armenians and other Christian ethnic groups fled the city. Later, many Azeris immigrated from the surrounding area as well as Kurds from the provinces of Van and Ağrı , so that the majority of the population today consists of Shiite Azeris and Sunni Kurds.

Turkey has been building a 144-kilometer border wall near the city of Iğdır since 2017 to curb illegal migration from Afghanistan.

Attractions

Monument and museum

In Iğdır there is a controversial " Genocide Memorial and Museum " ( Iğdır Soykırım Anıt-Müzesi ), the construction of which began in August 1997 and which was opened on October 5, 1999 by the Turkish Minister Ramazan Mirzaoğlu . It is 43.5 meters high. The memorial is intended to commemorate mass murders that were committed by Armenian troops against Turkish civilians during the First World War and the subsequent Turkish-Armenian War . The erection of the memorial is also understood as a response to memorials in other countries, which are supposed to commemorate the genocide of the Armenians during precisely these years.

Climate table

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Iğdır (856 m)

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	2.0	5.7	13.1	19.9	24.3	29.7	33.6	33.3	29.1	21.4	12.9	4.8	O	19.2
Min. Temperature (° C)	-7.6	-4.7	0.7	6.8	10.8	15.0	18.7	18.1	12.8	5.8	0.5	-4.4	O	6.1
Temperature (° C)	-3.2	-0.2	6.7	13.4	17.6	22.5	26.1	25.4	20.2	13.1	5.8	-0.3	O	12.3

Precipitation ( mm )	12.9	16.5	21.1	39.6	49.4	32.8	15.5	10.6	10.5	26.8	19.1	11.9	Σ	266.7

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	2.6	4.2	5.4	6.0	7.6	9.5	10.1	9.8	8.6	6.2	4.4	2.4	O	6.4

Rainy days ( d )	6.0	6.7	7.4	12.1	15.2	10.7	5.9	4.7	4.1	8.6	6.7	6.4	Σ	94.5

Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010

politics

Local elections 2019

In the local elections in 2019, the mayoral candidate Yaşar Akkuş (HDP) won with 50.1% of the vote.

Local election 2019 in IĞDIR

%

60

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

50.1

46.7

2.3

0.5

0.2

0.3

Otherwise.

Sports

Iğdır is the seat of the Iğdırspor football club , which temporarily played in the second Turkish league.

photos

Iğdır from Ararat seen
Level at Iğdır
A tombstone in the shape of a sheep in Iğdır.

Town twinning

Iğdır is sibling with two cities:

Azerbaijan Şamaxı , Azerbaijan since 2006
Azerbaijan Şərur , Azerbaijan

Personalities

Avedis Aharonian (1866–1948), Armenian revolutionary and writer
Edouard Isabekjan (1914–2007), Soviet painter and graphic artist
Harutjun Hakobjan (1918-2005), Soviet illusionist
Drastamat Kanajan (1884–1956), Armenian military man and politician

Web links

Commons : Iğdır - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Türkiye Nüfusu İl ve İlçelere Göre Nüfus Bilgileri (Nufusune.com) , accessed on April 23, 2019
↑ Central Dissemination System / Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi (MEDAS) of the TÜIK , accessed on May 5, 2019
^ Kemalettin Köroğlu: The Northern Border of the Urartian Kingdom . In: Altan Çilingiroğlu / G. Darbyshire (Ed.): Anatolian Iron Ages 5, Proceedings of the 5th Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Van, 6-10. August 2001 . British Institute of Archeology at Ankara Monograph 3 (Ankara 2005) 101
^ RD Barnett: The Urartian Cemetery at Igdyr. In: Anatolian Studies , Vol. 13, 1963, pp. 153–198, here p. 163
↑ ^a ^b Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia , Volume 4, Yerevan, 1978, p. 309.
^ Richard G. Hovannisian: The Republic of Armenia - The First Year, 1918-1919 . University of California Press, Berkeley 1971, ISBN 0-520-01984-9 , pp. 128-129.
↑ Melville Carter: The Land Of The Stalking Death: a Journey Through Starving Armenia on an American Relief Train . National Geographic , XXXVI, November 1919; Retrieved February 20, 2011.
^ Richard G. Hovannisian: The Republic of Armenia - Between Crescent and Sickle, Partition and Sovietization . University of California Press, Berkeley 1996, ISBN 0-520-08804-2 .
↑ NA Troynitskii: Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи, 1897 г. (Erivanskaya Guberniya), (Saint Petersburg 1904) p. 144.
↑ FAZ No. 116, May 22, 2018, p. 10.
^ Iğdır Genocide Monument and Museum .

[Infobox_Ort_in_der_Türkei.EinwohnerOrt-1] Türkiye Nüfusu İl ve İlçelere Göre Nüfus Bilgileri (Nufusune.com) , accessed on April 23, 2019

[2] Central Dissemination System / Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi (MEDAS) of the TÜIK , accessed on May 5, 2019

[3] Kemalettin Köroğlu: The Northern Border of the Urartian Kingdom . In: Altan Çilingiroğlu / G. Darbyshire (Ed.): Anatolian Iron Ages 5, Proceedings of the 5th Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Van, 6-10. August 2001 . British Institute of Archeology at Ankara Monograph 3 (Ankara 2005) 101

[4] RD Barnett: The Urartian Cemetery at Igdyr. In: Anatolian Studies , Vol. 13, 1963, pp. 153–198, here p. 163

[ase-5] Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia , Volume 4, Yerevan, 1978, p. 309.

[6] Richard G. Hovannisian: The Republic of Armenia - The First Year, 1918-1919 . University of California Press, Berkeley 1971, ISBN 0-520-01984-9 , pp. 128-129.

[7] Melville Carter: The Land Of The Stalking Death: a Journey Through Starving Armenia on an American Relief Train . National Geographic , XXXVI, November 1919; Retrieved February 20, 2011.

[8] Richard G. Hovannisian: The Republic of Armenia - Between Crescent and Sickle, Partition and Sovietization . University of California Press, Berkeley 1996, ISBN 0-520-08804-2 .

[9] NA Troynitskii: Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи, 1897 г. (Erivanskaya Guberniya), (Saint Petersburg 1904) p. 144.

[10] FAZ No. 116, May 22, 2018, p. 10.

[ErmeniSorunu-11] Iğdır Genocide Monument and Museum .