Ardahan

This article deals with the Turkish city, for the province of the same name see Ardahan (Province) .

Ardahan
Help on coat of arms
The Russian storming of Ardahan in 1877
Basic data
Province (il) :	Ardahan
Coordinates :	41 ° 7 '  N , 42 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 41 ° 6 '40 "  N , 42 ° 42' 8"  E
Height :	1900  m
Residents :	22,707 (2019)
Telephone code :	(+90) 478
Postal code :	75,000
License plate :	75
Structure and administration (as of 2019)
Structure :	7 Mahalle
Mayor :	Faruk Demir ( CHP )
Website:	www.ardahan.bel.tr
Ardahan County
Residents :	42,374 (2019)
Surface:	1,261 km²
Population density :	34 inhabitants per km²

Ardahan ( Kurdish Erdêxan or Erdêhan , Armenian Արդահան Ardahan , Georgian არტაანი Artaani , Russian Ардаган Ardagan ) is a city in the extreme northeast of Turkey . It is the provincial capital of the Ardahan province of the same name .

Geography, location and origin of the name

Ardahan lies between the Caucasus , the Black Sea and Anatolia on both sides of the Kura at 1,860 m above sea level. The city is home to over half of the district's population.

The central district (Merkez) consists of the district town of 62 communities ( Köy ) with an average of 324 inhabitants. Tunçoluk is the largest village with 1,036 inhabitants.

Ardahan County is centrally located within Ardahan Province and internally borders on Hanak County in the north, Çıldır County in the northeast and Göle County in the south. Externally it borders in the west on the Ardanuç and Şavşat districts of the Artvin province and in the southeast on the Susuz district of the Kars province .

The name "Ardahan" can probably be traced back to the Armenian pronunciation of the originally Georgian or even Luwian name.

history

Excavations in Ardahan's Castle have revealed evidence of various cultures and have shown that Ardahan has been inhabited since the Early Bronze Age.

According to the medieval historian Moses von Choren , Ardahan was one of the economic centers of the western Gugark in ancient times , but it was given to a Georgian state in due time. At the time of Pharnawaze I , what was then Kadjtha-Kalak was probably the site of a battle between the troops of the latter and allied formations of ancient Greece .

The first forays of Islamic associations took place in 642. Turkish associations invaded the region under Kutalmiş from 1053. Ardahan was probably conquered when the castle of Kars fell into Turkish hands in 1067. Subsequently, Ardahan was under the rule of the Seljuks , Georgians , Mongols , Ilkhan , Qarakoyunlu and Aqqoyunlu . After Evliya Çelebi , Ardahan was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire under Selim I. There it was alternately part of the Eyalets Çıldır, Erzurum and Kars.

The city was occupied by the Russian army on May 17, 1877 and fell under the Treaty of San Stefano and in conjunction with the Treaty of Berlin in 1878 to the Russian Empire . In the peace of Brest-Litovsk the Ottoman Empire got this sanjak back, but had to evacuate it in early 1919 as a result of the Mudros armistice , and Ardahan fell to Georgia . In the course of the invasion of Georgia by Soviet troops, Georgia had to surrender Ardahan to the Turks without a fight on February 23, 1921.

Demographics

In 1835 there were only about 70 households for the 300 dwellings , which were mostly underground at the time , and the houses formerly inhabited by Russians were looted and destroyed.

Population development

The following table shows the comparative population levels at the end of the year for the province, the central district and the city of Ardahan as well as the respective share at the higher administrative level. The figures are based on the address-based population register (ADNKS) introduced in 2007.

year	province	district		city
	real	percent	real	percent	real
2018	98.907	42.69	42,226	52.50	22,169
2017	97.096	43.01	41,758	51.96	21,696
2016	98,335	42.65	41,939	51.47	21,587
2015	99,265	41.73	41,422	47.75	19,777
2014	100,809	40.63	40,960	47.99	19,657
2013	102,782	39.77	40,874	46.13	18,857
2012	106,643	39.17	41,770	45.67	19,075
2011	107,455	38.42	41,287	44.32	18,298
2010	105.454	37.62	39,676	40.96	16,251
2009	108.169	37.40	40,455	42.44	17.171
2008	112,242	36.42	40,875	41.40	16,923
2007	112,721	36.22	40,828	42.73	17,446

Climate table

Ardahan (1827 m)
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     20th   -5 -17     23   -4 -16     34   2 -9     55   11 -1     85   16 3     95   20th 6th     71   24 9     57   25th 9     36   21st 4th     42   15th 0     33   6th -6     25th   -2 -13 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Ardahan (1827 m) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) -5.1 -3.6 2.4 10.7 15.7 20.1 23.9 24.6 20.9 14.6 6.2 -1.8 O 10.8 Min. Temperature (° C) -16.7 -15.7 -8.9 -1.2 3.0 5.9 9.0 8.8 4.4 -0.2 -5.5 -12.9 O −2.4 Temperature (° C) -11.1 -9.8 -3.4 4.5 9.3 13.0 16.4 16.4 12.4 6.9 -0.2 -7.7 O 4th Precipitation ( mm ) 20.1 22.8 33.5 54.5 85.0 94.7 70.9 56.6 35.7 42.3 32.5 25.3 Σ 573.9 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.6 3.4 5.6 5.1 7.8 8.3 9.6 8.2 7.3 5.4 4.1 2.5 O 5.8 Rainy days ( d ) 8.6 9.3 10.2 13.6 16.5 15.0 11.5 11.0 7.5 10.7 9.6 9.2 Σ 132.7 Source: State Meteorological Office of the Turkish Republic, normal period 1981-2010

Ardahan in songs and legends

Ardahan is referred to in both Georgian and Armenian folk songs . According to Georgian legends, a son of Kartlos , the mythical father of the Georgian nation, founded the city.

Personalities

• Taner Akçam (* 1953), historian, sociologist and author
• Adnan Maral (* 1968), actor

Web links

Commons : Ardahan  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Nufusune.com , accessed April 9, 2020
2. ↑ Bilge Umar: Türkiye'deki Tarihsel Adlar . Istanbul 1993, p. 96. Sevan Nişanyan : Adını Unutan Ülke. Türkiye'de Adı Değiştirilen Yerler Sözlüğü . Istanbul 2010, p. 37
3. ↑ Claude Ptolémée, Arsène Soukry: Géographie de Moïse de Corene d'après Ptolémée de Moïse de Chorene . Imprimerie Arménienne, Venice 1881, p 46 .
4. ↑ Michel Hovhannesian: Hayastani berdere . P. Lazar, Venice 1970, p 591 .
5. ↑ Watchtang VI. Marie-Felicite Brosset (ed.): Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle: Part I . Académie des sciences impériale, St. Petersburg 1849, p 39. .
6. ↑ Gotthard Jaschke: The elvi̇ye-i̇ selāse: Kars, Ardahan and Batum . In: The world of Islam . 18, No. 1/2, 1977, ISSN  0043-2539 , pp. 19-40, p. 20.
7. ↑ Gotthard Jaschke: The elvi̇ye-i̇ selāse: Kars, Ardahan and Batum . In: The world of Islam . 18, No. 1/2, 1977, ISSN  0043-2539 , pp. 19-40, pp. 20f.
8. ↑ Gotthard Jaschke: The elvi̇ye-i̇ selāse: Kars, Ardahan and Batum . In: The world of Islam . 18, No. 1/2, 1977, ISSN  0043-2539 , pp. 19-40, pp. 27f.
9. ↑ James Brant: Voyage dans une partie de l'Arménie et l'Asie mineure, fait en 1835 . In: Nouvelles annales des voyages et des sciences geographiques . 18, No. 1, 1838, pp. 36-115, p. 62. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
10. ↑ Central Dissemination System / Merkezi Dağıtım Sistemi (MEDAS) of the TÜIK , accessed on May 5, 2019
11. ^ Robert W. Edwards: The Fortifications of Artvin: A Second Preliminary Report on the Marchlands of Northeast Turkey . In: Dumbarton Oaks Papers . 40, 1986, ISSN  0070-7546 , pp. 165-182, p. 176.
12. ↑ MJ Saint-Marie: Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l'Arménie (Volume 2) . Imprimerie roayale, Paris 1819, p. 187.