Ardanuç
| Ardanuç | ||||
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 Ardanuç Castle |
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| Basic data | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province (il) : | Artvin | |||
| Coordinates : | 41 ° 8 ' N , 42 ° 4' E | |||
| Height : | 558 m | |||
| Residents : | 6,278 (2018) | |||
| Telephone code : | (+90) 466 | |||
| Postal code : | 08 300 | |||
| License plate : | 08 | |||
| Structure and administration (as of 2019) | ||||
| Structure : | 1 mahalle | |||
| Mayor : | Yıldırım Demir ( CHP ) | |||
| Website: | ||||
| Ardanuç district | ||||
| Residents : | 12,056 (2018) | |||
| Surface: | 958 km² | |||
| Population density : | 13 inhabitants per km² | |||
| Kaymakam : | M.Furkan Sancaktutar | |||
| Website (Kaymakam): | ||||
Ardanuç ( Georgian არტანუჯი , Artanudschi , Armenian Արտանուջ , Artanudsch ) is a city in the Turkish province of Artvin in the northeast of the country. The small town is home to around 52 percent of the district's population.
location
Ardanuç is located in a valley at an altitude of 558 meters in the north of the Yalnızçam Mountains ( Yalnızçam Dağları ), which are dense with coniferous forests in the middle layers. Several of the peaks, which run in a series from southwest to northeast, reach heights of over 2,600 meters. In the first millennium, the place was on a trade route that led from the Black Sea via Artvin through the valley flowed through by the Ardanuç Çayı mountain stream and on over the Yalnızçam Pass to Kars and Persia. Today, from the D010 expressway between Artvin and Şavşat, three kilometers east of the junction to the medieval Georgian church Dolishana at a bridge over the Berta Suyu , a tributary of the Çoruh , a side road turns right, which initially follows the Ardanuç through a narrow gorge and after about 15 kilometers reached the city. At the end of 2012, a new, wider road was under construction, the route of which was dug high on the mountain slope on the opposite right bank, transforming the picturesque valley into a stone dump. 15 kilometers southeast of the city, near the village of Bulanık , the former Georgian monastery of Yeni Rabat overlooks the Ardanuç Valley.
history
Between 180 BC BC and 387 AD, Ardanuç belonged to the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia as the province of Gugark . The Iberian King Wachtang I. Gorgassali (r. 452–502) founded the place Ardanuç. In 575 the Georgian Bagrationi dynasty of Tao-Klardschetien built the castle of Ardanuç (also Gevhernik Kale ). The Umayyads besieged it in 744, around 820 Prince Ashot I (r. 813–826) made it his headquarters. According to the Georgian chronicler Sumbat Davitisdze from the 11th century, Aschot had the destroyed fortress and the residential quarters restored and a church dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul built, which was also planned as his tomb. Ashot himself lived in the fortress.
For most of the 9th and 10th centuries, Ardanuç was the capital of an empire that stretched south from the Black Sea to almost Erzurum and east to what is now the Armenian border. Ardanuç became an important trading post on the east-west route between Constantinople and Iberia / Armenia, as well as between Trapezus and Syria. The customs revenue must have been considerable, as is evident from a report by the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII (r. 913–959), who praised the city's strong defenses. Ardanuç remained the capital of the Georgian Tao-Klardschetien until the 16th century.
The Yeni Rabat (also Schatberdi ) monastery dates from the 9th century. There was a famous school for book art there in the 9th and 10th centuries. A "Barhal Bible" called manuscript from 973 was used to date the monastery church of Barhal .
From 1080 fights began between the Bagrationi and Turkish Beyliks . Ardanuç was conquered by the Mongols in the 13th century and incorporated into the Ottoman Empire by Suleyman I the Magnificent in 1551 when he defeated the prince ( Atabeg ) of the Georgian empire Samtskhe. In 1562 the Ottomans restored the damaged fortress.
After the Russo-Ottoman War 1877-1878, Ardanuç was ceded to Russia and returned to the Ottoman Empire after the October Revolution after a referendum. At the end of the First World War , the area was occupied by Georgian troops who withdrew in 1921.
Cityscape
fortress
Some remains of the medieval fortified city are preserved on the plateau of the rocky hill, which slopes steeply on all sides and overlooks the river valley one kilometer north of today's town. From above you can see the narrow gorge to the north and the Neustadt in the valley to the south. The way to the castle leads up a steep slope, in the upper area past the ruins of buildings of the old city. The last part to the foundation walls of a tower has to be covered over ladders. The former gate may have been located near the tower. A cistern and wall parts of the chapel built by Aschot have also been preserved. The core of the fortress ruins date back to the 9th century, a tower in the rear area was built in Georgian times after the 11th century.
The chapel was part of a 10.4 × 11.4 meter complex of three rooms. The rectangular church with round apse measured inside 5.7 x 6.3 meters, the apse was 2.75 meters wide and 1.65 meters deep. On the side in the north was a 1.9 meter wide rectangular adjoining room, the only special feature of which was a small niche in the southeast corner. The chapel and the adjacent room that was built at the same time were made of sandstone blocks of different sizes, some of which are up to 2 × 1 meters in size. Such massive blocks are typical of early churches and suggest that they were built in the 9th century. The floor of the third adjoining room to the north was 2.5 to 3 meters lower than that of the church. In contrast to the other rooms, it had no windows. Possibly it served as another cistern. The building is likely to be Aschot's private chapel, which according to the literary sources was consecrated to Peter and Paul. It is quite possible that the king was buried here after his death in 826. This assessment is supported by the chronicle "The Life of Grigol Chandsteli" written by Grigol Chandsteli (759-861), according to which it was customary for the rulers to be buried in churches, for example Asot's son Guaram Mampali († 882), who in the monastery church Opiza and later Wachtang IV. (reigned 1443–1446), who was buried with his wife in the church of Bana .
Neustadt
The new city on the left bank of the river stretches along the thoroughfare and a parallel street. The latter is designed as a pedestrian zone through avenue trees near the bus stop for minibuses, around which several shops and tea rooms are grouped. There is a simple hotel.
district
The district ( İlçe ) is located in the southeast of the province and borders internally with the districts Borçka in the northwest, Şavşat in the northeast and the central district ( Merkez ) Artvin in the southwest. Externally, the Olur District ( Erzurum Province ) in the south and Göle District ( Ardahan Province ) in the southeast form the border. In addition to the district town, the district also consists of 49 villages ( Köy ). These are inhabited by an average of 118 people, which is the lowest average of all districts in the Artwin province. The village of Aydınköy is the smallest with 432 inhabitants.
literature
- Wachtang Djobadze: Early Medieval Georgian Monasteries in Historic Tao, Klardjetʿi and Šavšetʿi. (Research on Art History and Christian Archeology, XVII) Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 1992, pp. 19–21
- Thomas Alexander Sinclair: Eastern Turkey: An Architectural and Archaeological Survey. Vol. II. The Pindar Press, London 1989, p. 12, ISBN 0907132340
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Türkiye Nüfusu İl ilçe Mahalle Köy Nüfusları , accessed on May 5, 2019
- ↑ Ardanuç. burgdaten.de
- ^ Sinclair, p. 12
- ↑ Djobadze, pp. 20f
