İlçe
An İlçe ( diminutive of İl ) is an administrative unit of the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus . In German, the term is often translated as district , which used to be largely equivalent in terms of structure and regional layout. In contrast to the German district, however, İlçe has always been a state administrative district without a municipal organization for exclusively state sovereign tasks. Before the Büyükşehir Belediyeleri (big city communes) were formed, it happened that in the big cities of Istanbul and Ankara, individual parts of the same İlçes were set up within these cities, which then no longer corresponds to the image of a German district.
An İlçe originally (according to the Turkish constitution of 1921 in Artt. 15-21) consisted of several Köy (villages), each grouped in several Bucak (former name: Nahiye ), and small towns (Kasaba), which are also legally known as Bucak or Nahiye were organized. The Bucaks were later gradually dissolved. From the municipal law of 1930, the more populous localities were organized as municipalities ( Belediye ).
When the republic was founded, the first 580 İlçes, still called Kazas , emerged from the administrative districts of the same name in the Ottoman Empire , which in turn took their names from the former judicial districts of the Kadıs . In 2007 there were 923 İlçes.
An İlçe is administered by a Kaymakam who is appointed by the central government and reports to the Vali (provincial governor) of the superior province (İl). For İlçe, the older name Kaymakamlık is occasionally used, which, by the way, also describes the office and service of a Kaymakam.
In 30 of the 81 provinces of Turkey , a Büyükşehir Belediyesi (big city municipality) represents the municipal administrative level of the province, which is divided into several İlçes, which in turn correspond territorially to exactly one Belediye. The province (İl) under the direction of the Vali and the İlçe under the direction of the Kaymakam represent the state administration within the provincial borders, while the municipal administration by the Büyükşehir Belediyesi under the direction of the Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı ( Lord Mayor ) and the Belediyes who form them the leadership of their Belediye Başkanı ( Mayor ) is represented.
In the remaining provinces (İl) there is a district called Merkez (center), which is directly subordinate to the Vali. The remaining territory is divided into İlçes. There is at least one community and villages in the İlçes and the Vali district. The community, which is the center of İlçe, has a prominent position and is often called İlçe itself. For other communities in İlçe, the name Belde is used.
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is divided into five administrative districts (İlçe): lefkoşa district (Lefkoşa ilcesi) Gazimağusa District (Gazimağusa ilcesi), Girne District (Girne ilcesi) güzelyurt district (Güzelyurt ilcesi) İskele District (İskele ilcesi).
literature
- Klaus Kreiser : Small Turkey Lexicon. Beck'sche Reihe, Munich 1992, p. 85 ISBN 3-406-33184-X
Individual evidence
- ↑ For Ankara: Erkan Şen: The development of the residential areas of the city of Ankara since 1923. With special consideration of the Gecekondu phenomenon. (Diss.), Saarbrücken 1975, pp. 78, 263
- ↑ http://www.verfassungen.eu/tr/tuerkei21.htm
- ^ Districts of Turkey
- ↑ http://www.hotelsempati.com/Turkish/kuzeykibris/kktc/kibris-ta-ilceilceler-bucaklar.php