Belediye

Belediye refers to the local government of municipalities with more than 5000 inhabitants in Turkey . The word "belediye" (بلدية) is the feminine form of the Nisba of the Arabic word balad (city or country;بلد), which serves as its abstraction in Turkish , and arose as an equivalent of the French municipalité . The Turkish replacement uray proposed in the course of the Turkish language reform has not caught on.

history

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The name “Belediye” came into use in the 19th century, at the same time as the Tanzimat reforms. The first local government of the Ottoman Empire emerged in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district after the modern city councils had been founded in 1854. In 1857, 14 local authorities were established in Istanbul . The Ottoman name of the Belediye was şehremaneti . The mayor's name was şehremini .

In 1930 the first local law was passed. It remained in force until the military coup in Turkey in 1980 and was influenced by the French model. The now valid municipal law came into force in 2005.

structure

In addition to the conventional Belediye, in Turkey, initially introduced in metropolitan areas, there is also a two-tier municipality organization in some provinces, in which a superordinate city municipality ( Büyükşehir Belediyesi ) is set up over municipalities , which includes the entire province and also the tasks that are under local self-administration the province takes over. In such provinces there is no longer a separate provincial assembly ( İl Meclisi ). In such cases, the old provincial capital is usually divided into several municipalities, so that the old place name then disappears from the municipality names and only survives as the province name and the name of the metropolitan municipality of the same area. The municipalities within such a metropolitan municipality also encompass the entire area of ​​an İlçe of the same name , the state administrative level below the province.

Belediye

A Belediye can be set up in towns with more than 5,000 inhabitants. The functions of a belediye are regulated by law No. 5393 of July 3, 2005. The organs of the belediye are the mayor ( belediye başkanı ), the city assembly ( belediye meclisi ) and the city council ( belediye encümeni ). The city council consists of seven people, the mayor, three members of the city assembly, the city treasurer and two senior municipal officials. The mayor and city council have been directly elected since 1963. The local elections take place nationwide at the same time.

The most important tasks of a Belediye are zoning plans ( imar planları ), drinking water supply, sewerage, traffic and other contents of the urban infrastructure.

The municipalities are largely financed from the state budget. The levy is based on a key that is half of the population. Own sources of finance are the property tax ( emlak vergisi ) and communal taxes. Underfunding, financial dependency and the associated political influence by the central government are the main problems facing Turkish municipalities.

Büyükşehir Belediyesi

In 2010, 16 large cities were administered as the so-called Büyükşehir Belediyesi (city municipality or city administration). The municipality of the old core city was dissolved and the area of ​​the district directly subordinate to the provincial governor was divided into new municipalities. A state administrative district ( İlçe ) subordinate to the province was set up for each of the new municipalities . These new municipalities then formed a metropolitan municipality with the municipalities that were the administrative headquarters of the neighboring İlçe. This took over the name of the old, dissolved central city. Subsequently, the other communities in the neighboring İlçe were dissolved and incorporated together with the villages into the now only community of İlçe, until the territorial unity of the community area and the state administrative district was established here as well. Urban communes can be established in accordance with Law No. 5216 of July 10, 2004 with a total of 750,000 inhabitants. The mayor of such a big city commune bears the Turkish title Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı . The Büyükşehir Belediyesi received expanded competencies vis-à-vis the old-style municipalities, including vis-à-vis the central government, which was then reflected in the mayor's increase in power

In 2013, fourteen other provincial capitals also received the status of Büyükşehir Belediyesi. At the same time, the area of ​​responsibility of the Büyükşehir Belediyesi was extended to the entire province, the municipal political competences of the province were transferred to the city municipality and the self-governing bodies of the province ( il meclisi ) in these provinces were dissolved.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojik Sözlüğü  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Brief History of Local Authorities. (PDF; 248 kB; Turkish)
3. ^ Klaus Kreiser: Small Turkey Lexicon . Munich 1992, p. 34
4. ↑ Wording of Act No. 5393 ( Memento of the original of February 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
5. ^ Klaus Kreiser: Small Turkey Lexicon . Munich 1992, p. 35
6. ↑ Text of Law No. 5216. (Turkish)
7. ↑ Charlotte Joppien: Mayor to Power in: Charlotte Joppien (ed.): Ten years of AKP A retrospective on foreign, domestic and local politics , pp. 47-67, Max Weber Foundation, Bonn 2012, (Pera-Blätter 23) , Online
8. ↑ TürkBu 13 il büyükşehir oldu . sabah.com.tr; Retrieved September 19, 2013
9. ↑ TBMM Kararıyla Büyükşehir Belediyesi Olan K.Maraş'ta İlk Büyük Şehire Yabancılaşma ve Yalnızlaşma Vakası Bu Sabah Yaşandı. Halk Sevinç İçinde. zaytung.com; Retrieved September 19, 2013
10. ↑ 'Büyükşehir' müjdesine sevinelim mi, düşünelim mi . ( Memento of the original from March 11, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. kanal46.com; Retrieved September 19, 2013