Şamaxı (City)
| Şamaxı | |||
|
|||
| State : |
 Azerbaijan
|
||
| Rayon : | Şamaxı | ||
| Coordinates : | 40 ° 38 ' N , 48 ° 38' E | ||
| Height : | 700 m | ||
| Residents : | 37,800 (2014) | ||
| Time zone : | AZT ( UTC + 4 ) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+994) 2026 | ||
| Postal code : | AZ5600 | ||
| License plate : | 56 | ||
| Community type: | City (şəhər) | ||
|
|||
Şamaxı ( Russian Шемаха Shemakha , Armenian Շամախի Shamakhi ) is a city in Azerbaijan and capital of the same districts .
The city is located west of Baku on the Pir-Sagat and has about 37,800 inhabitants (2014). About 75% of them are Azerbaijanis , the remaining part of the population are mainly Armenians and Russians . Şamaxı is known for its traditional dance, the dance of Şamaxı , which also has similarities with Persian dances . Although Şamaxı has often been damaged by earthquakes and battles, it is rich in historical and cultural treasures. One of the oldest structures is the Djuma Mosque, which was built in the 10th century.
history
Şamaxı was first mentioned as Kamachia by the Egyptian geographer Claudius Ptolemy at the turn of the first to the second century.
The city gained in importance in the Middle Ages and served the Shirvanshah as the capital from the eighth to the 15th century. It was also on the Silk Road . It was also the capital of the Shirvan Khanate , also known as the Shemakha Khanate. The Catholic missionary and explorer Wilhelm von Rubruk came through the city on his way back from the court of the Great Khan . In the 16th century it became the seat of an English manufacture.
At the beginning of the 18th century, the Safavid Empire was in decline. In the Caucasus, Sunni tribes, including the Lesgier, rebelled and sacked the region around the city. In August 1721, Shah Sultan Hosein released the prince of Lesgier, Daud Khan, from Derbent prison in the hope that he and his Dagestani allies would help him against the invasion of the Afghans into the Persian heartland. Daud Khan sat at the head of a tribal association that fought against Persian rule and the Shiites . On August 15, 1721, he besieged Şamaxı. After Sunni townspeople opened one of the town gates to the besiegers, thousands of Shiite residents were massacred and the town plundered , and Russian traders were also killed. The Russians, interested in conquering Persian territory on the Caspian Sea, took advantage of this incident to start the Russo-Persian War in 1722 . In 1723 the city was briefly occupied by the Russians, then by the Ottomans until 1735. In 1742, Şamaxı was destroyed by Nadir Shah of Persia . Nadir Shah had a new city built ten kilometers to the west. Soon, however, the new city was abandoned and the old Şamaxı was the residence of the Khan of Shirvan . In 1805 the khanate and thus the city of Şamaxı were annexed by the Russian Empire .
In this it was until 1847 part of the Caspian province, which had been formed from the Persian province of Shirvan . From 1846, Şamaxı was the capital of the Şamaxı Governorate, which consisted of five counties. At that time, the city had a population of 21,000 and owned important silk and cotton weaving mills and tanneries .
The city was the capital of Şamaxı Province until the earthquake of 1859, after which it became Baku and the city fell into disrepair.
In 1918 Şamaxı was the scene of a massacre against the Azerbaijani population by fighters of the Daschnakzutjun , who appeared as representatives of the newly established Soviet power. About 8,000 people were killed.
earthquake
- 1191: After this earthquake, the capital was briefly moved to Baku.
- 1667: This earthquake is considered to be the worst in the city's history, claiming over 80,000 lives.
- December 2, 1859: The earthquake caused the provincial capital to be relocated to Baku.
- 1902: The earthquake caused damage to the Djuma mosque.
Twin cities
Sons and daughters
- İmadəddin Nəsimi (1369–1417 / 18), poet
- Gostan Zarian (1885–1969), writer and painter
- Abbas Mirsa Sharifsade (1893–1938), actor
- Fasila Samedowa (1929–2020), chemist and university professor
swell
- ↑ Population by sex, economic and administrative regions, urban settlements of the Republic of Azerbaijan at the beginning of the 2014 ( Memento from July 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət Statistika Komitəsi (State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan)
- ↑ Michael Axworthy: The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant . IB Tauris, 2010, ISBN 978-0-85772-193-8 , pp. 42 .
- ↑ Rudi Matthee: Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan . IBTauris, 2012, ISBN 978-1-84511-745-0 , pp. 223 .
- ↑ Firuz Kazemzadeh: Iranian relations with Russia and the Soviet Union, to 1921 . In: Peter Avery, Gavin Hambly and Charles Melville (Eds.): The Cambridge History of Iran . tape 7 . Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-20095-0 , pp. 316 .
- ↑ Schemacha . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 15 . Altenburg 1862, p. 130 ( zeno.org ).
- ↑ Rüdiger Kipke : The Armenian-Azerbaijani Relationship and the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2012. ISBN 978-3-531-18484-5 , pp. 23-24.
