Shirvanah
The Shirvanshahs ( Persian شروانشاه, DMG Širwānšāh , 'King of Shirvan') were a Muslim dynasty who ruled in the region of Shirvan (in what is now Azerbaijan ).
history
According to Ibn Chordadhbeh and Al-Balādhurī , the title Shirvanshah already referred to the local ruler of Shirvan at the time of the Sassanids .
After the Islamic conquest, the area was under the rule of an Arab family, the Yazidids , for centuries , who relied on the local governor Yazid b. Mazyad Schaybani (d. 801) and in the course of time absorbed neighboring Arab and Persian families and principalities ( Layzanshahs , Khursanshahs ) through marriage connections.
In the 9th century, Shirvan split slowly from the Abbasids - Caliphate from, with its rulers called Shirvanshah again. The center of the independence effort was the mountainous region around the Shamacha fortress , which became the capital. The rulers built fortresses all over the country as foreign armies often invaded. So the independence could be preserved for a long time.
In the 12th century the country had reached the first peak of its power under the Shirvanshahs Manuchehr and Ahsitan . During this time the fortress of Baku was established and temporarily made the capital, and a number of poets (e.g. Chaqani , Nizami ) were promoted. At that time, however, Shirvan was a vassal to Georgia .
After the Mongol invasion , it became a Mongol vassal around 1235 and was slow to recover from the devastation caused by the Mongol armies. In the 14th century, Timur Lenk invaded , so that Shirvan Shah Ibrahim I lost his independence and had to take part in Timur's campaigns. Ibrahim also had a bad stand against the Qara Qoyunlu Turkmen and was temporarily captured in 1412.
Under Khalilullah I and Farrukh Yassar, the state regained a certain position of power in the 15th century, with the palace of the Shirvanshahs being built. In 1460 and 1488, the armies of the militant Safi order were defeated, albeit the second time only with the help of the Aq Qoyunlu Turkmen. In 1500 Farrukh Yassar was defeated by Ismail I and fell. But the Shah had to break off the campaign, so that Shirvan became a tribute to the new Persian state of the Safavids . In 1538 it became a Persian province.
architecture
The Palace of the Shirvanshahs ( aserb. : Şirvanşahlar Sarayı ), the Persian architecture is considered one of the greatest works, is located in the city of Baku . Next to the main palace building of the palace includes Mausoleum , the Maiden's Tower , the Shah Mosque , the tomb of Seyid Yahya Bakuvi that Murad Gate , the Diwanchana , the Key-Gubad Mosque and the bathhouse.
Ruler list
Banu Mazyad
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Banu Kasran
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Darbandi dynasty (1382-1538)
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