Shirvan
Shirvan ( Azerbaijani Şirvan ), ( Tat : Şirvan or Şirvon) is a historical region in Azerbaijan that stretches between the Caspian Sea and the Kura River.
history
The name Shirvan appeared for the first time at the time of the Sassanids as a name for the northern part of the Caucasian Albania . After the Arab conquest , it became part of the caliphate .
From 799 to 1538 the area was independent under the Shirvanshahs . The most important urban centers of medieval Shirvan included Shabran on the northern slope of the extreme southeastern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, as well as the city of Shamāchī to the south of this foothills . In the Arabic works of the Middle Ages there is also frequent mention of a city called Yazīdīya in Shirvan. Derbent's anonymous chronicle reports that it was rebuilt by the Shirvanshah Abū Tāhir Yazīd in 918. The Arab geographer Yāqūt al-Hamawī ar-Rūmī identifies the city with Shamāchī, but Minorsky suspects that this is not exactly exact, but that Yazīdīya was the royal camp city in which the Shirvanshahs resided according to the medieval geographers. She was a parasang of the old city Shamakhi removed. According to the Chronicle of Derbent Yazīdīya was in 1045 by the Shirvanshah Qubad ibn Yazīd for fear of the Turkish Oghuz provided with a massive stone wall, were attached to the iron gates. Shirvan was also an important center of Persian culture at that time. This is how the Persian poet Chaqani worked here .
In the 18th century, a khanate was established in Shirvan , whose rulers Persia had to pay tribute. During the Russo-Persian War 1722–1723 , the Russian army moved through the area. After the Treaty of Gulistan , it became part of the Russian Empire in 1813 .
After the First World War it belonged to the Azerbaijani Republic from 1918 to 1920, then to the Soviet Union . Since the fall of the Soviet Union , Shirvan has been part of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
population
The population of Shirvan consists of various Turkish, Iranian and Caucasian peoples. Especially during the 11th century there was an influx of Turkish Oghusen who changed the ethno-linguistic image of the region. Today the Caucasian-speaking indigenous population only lives as minorities in Shamakha, Shaki, Qabala and Oguz.
economy
The region is known for its oriental carpets . There are also large oil reserves around Baku .
See also
literature
- W. Barthold, CE Bosworth: Article " Sh īrwān" in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition Vol. IX, pp. 487-88.
- Vladimir Minorsky: A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries . Cambridge 1958.