Tekuder

Tekuder receives a message. ( Tuarikh-i Dschahānguschāy of Dschuwaini )

Ahmed Tekuder ( Mongolian Төгөлдөр Tögöldör , also known as Sultan Ahmad ; * around 1247 , † August 10, 1284 ) was a Sultan of the Ilkhan , the son of Hülegüs and brother Abaqas . He succeeded Abaqa Khan to the throne and ruled from 1282 until his overthrow in 1284.

Baptized as a Nestorian Christian under the name Nicholas Tekuder (Mongolian Tegüder for perfect ), he later converted to Islam and took the name Ahmed Tekuder. His election as Ilkhan was uneventful, as he was the elder and none of his rivals were prepared for the situation. Shortly after his accession to the throne, he announced his conversion to Islam, and, according to his own statements, reintroduced the Sharia , gave back their previous rights to the pious foundations and encouraged pilgrimages. His government was headed by the Juwaini, especially Shams ad-Din Juwaini . With the intention of Buddhismand to restrict Nestorianism, he tried to convert churches into mosques, but according to Bar-Hebraeus, he was relatively tolerant of his faith .

Ahmed Tekuder, however, quickly encountered opposition from his relatives. One of his brothers rose and was executed, and his nephew Arghun (son of Abaqas, a Buddhist) also caused unrest in Mesopotamia . Thereupon Ahmed Tekuder's closest followers (Alinaq, Dschuwaini) envisaged a sweeping attack against potential troublemakers and mobilized an army for it. Many were unsure Large and made contact with Arghun, which the governor at the time of Khorasan was.

The war with his nephew initially went in favor of the Ilchans, because Arghun had to retreat after a battle at Habusan near Rey and was finally forced to surrender in front of the mountain fortress Kalat. But Ahmed Tekuder delayed Arghun's execution and quickly fell victim to a coup. Within one night, most of his closest followers were murdered and he lost support in the empire. After an unsuccessful escape, he was (probably) executed on August 10, 1284.

Ahmed Tekuder's foreign policy was uneventful due to the brevity and uncertainty of his reign. He briefed the Mamelukes -Sultan Egypt in two embassies about his change of religion and offered him peace, but came to nothing.

literature

• AJ Arberry (Ed.): The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 5: JA Boyle (Ed.): The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 1968.
• Bertold Spuler: The Mongols in Iran. Politics, administration and culture of the Ilchan period 1220–1350. 3rd, verb. and exp. Edition Academy, Berlin 1968.
• Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall : History of the Ilchane, that is: the Mongols in Persia. 3 volumes. Leske, Darmstadt 1842–1843.
• Christopher P. Atwood: The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts on File Inc., New York NY 2004, ISBN 0-8160-4671-9 .
• David Morgan: The Mongols. Blackwell, Oxford et al. 1986, ISBN 0-631-13556-1 .

Web link

• P. Jackson: AḤMAD TAKŪDĀR . In: Ehsan Yarshater (Ed.): Encyclopædia Iranica (English, including references)

Remarks

1. ↑ letter to the Mamlukkensultan August 1282 cf .: GR Hawting (ed.): Muslims, Mongols and Crusaders. An anthology of articles published in The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. Routledge Shorton, London et al. 2005, ISBN 0-7007-1393-X .
2. ↑ Bertold Spuler : The religious policy of the Mongols. In: Gabriel Adriányi, Joseph Gottschalk (Hrsg.): Festschrift for Bernhard Stasiewski . Contributions to East German and East European church history. Böhlau, Cologne 1975, pp. 1–12 (again in dsb., Collected essays . Brill, Leiden 1980, ISBN 90-04-06049-9 , pp. 138–149)

predecessor	Office	successor
Abaqa	Ilkhan of Persia 1282–1284	Arghun