1284

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1284
Peterhouse , the first college of the University of Cambridge , is founded.
1284 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	732/733 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1276/77
Buddhist calendar	1827/28 (southern Buddhism); 1826/27 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	66th (67th) cycle Year of the wood monkey甲申 ( at the beginning of the year water sheep 癸未)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	646/647 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	662/663
Islamic calendar	682/683 (turn of the year 19/20 March)
Jewish calendar	5044/45 (September 11-12)
Coptic calendar	1000/01
Malayalam calendar	459/460
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1594/95 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1595/96 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1322
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1340/41 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

British Islands

Wales under the statute of Rhuddlan, blue and green the new counties of the Principality of Wales

• March 3rd : The Rhuddlan statute of King Edward I of England comes into force. It regulates law and administration in conquered Wales . The law divides the Principality of Wales into the counties of Flintshire , Anglesey , Caernarfonshire , Merionethshire , Cardiganshire and Carmarthenshire . The offices of sheriff , coroner, and bailiff are established in the counties . A justiciar is appointed for Wales to oversee the observance of the peace. For this purpose, English common law is introduced in the Principality of Wales , but this is adapted to Welsh customs in some points such as inheritance law. However, the law only applies to the former Principality of Gwynedd , which is now part of the new English Principality of Wales, and not to the baronies of the Welsh Marches , in which the Marcher Lords can continue to rule largely autonomously.

Western Mediterranean

• June 5th : Charles of Anjou's fleet suffers a heavy defeat in the bay of Naples against the fleet of Peter III in the dispute over the Kingdom of Sicily . of Aragón under the leadership of his admiral Ruggiero di Lauria . Karl's son of the same name is taken prisoner of war.
• August 6th : The naval battle at Meloria between the maritime republics of Genoa and Pisa turns into the largest maritime conflict in the Middle Ages. The Genoese gained Corsica , Elba and Sardinia and over the decades became a strong sea ​​power in the Mediterranean .

• James II of Mallorca , younger brother of Peter of Aragón, granted the French King Philip III. the right to march through its County of Roussillon in order to lead to Aragón war .

Eastern Mediterranean / Levant

• May 11th : After the death of his father Hugo III. John I becomes King of Cyprus and, as John II, of Jerusalem .

Asia

• The pro-Christian Buddhist Arghun overthrows his Islamic uncle Tekuder and follows him as Ilchan of Persia . He has his predecessor executed on August 10th .

Trần HưngĐạos statue in Ho Chi Minh City

• The Vietnamese general Trần Hưng Đạo defeated an army of the attacking Mongols under Kublai Khan by means of a ruse . The Tran Dynasty thus remains independent of the Chinese Empire under the Yuan Dynasty .

City rights and first documentary mentions

The city charter of Flensburg

• December 29 : The Danish king Erik Glipping gives Flensburg , the city charter , the Duke Waldemar IV of Schleswig. Is confirmed. Flensburg quickly becomes the most important city in the Danish Duchy of Schleswig .

economy

• Reval becomes a member of the Hanseatic League .
• Foundation of the Swedish Large Copper Construction Company in Falun (considered the "oldest AG") ( stone , cultural timetable )
• Venice coins the golden zecchino (see ducats ).

science and technology

• Foundation of the first college ( Peterhouse ) at Cambridge University .
• Erfurt : No other city in Germany had more students in the second half of the 13th century. In the Carmen satiricum occulti Erfordensis of Nikolaus von Bibra ( 1281 /) the number of 1000 Erfurt scholars is given.

Culture, society and religion

Depiction of the Pied Piper of Hameln in a copy of a glass painting in the market church in Hameln

• June 26th : The legendary performance of the " Pied Piper of Hameln "
• August 16 : Philip the Fair , later King of France , marries Joan of Navarre .

• Giovanni Pisano is the cathedral builder in Siena and entrusted with the construction of the west facade, for which he creates sculptures.
• Erwin von Steinbach , head of the building works at Strasbourg Cathedral , is mentioned in a document for the first time.

• 1284/ 1294 : The Rudolfsturm in Hallstatt is built.

Disasters

• August 5th : Hamburg is destroyed by fire .

nature and environment

• Germany: The spring is very mild, especially at the end of summer very warm and dry

Born

Date of birth saved

Edward II, around 1320

• April 25 : Edward II , King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine († 1327 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Gusai , Japanese Zen monk and poet († 1378 )
• Johann I , Count of Holland († 1299 )
• Al-Malik an-Nasir Muhammad , Sultan of the Mamluks in Egypt († 1341 )
• Simone Martini , Italian painter († 1344 )
• Rangjung Dorje , third Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism († 1339 )
• Werner von Homberg , minstrel, knight and war captain in the service of the German emperors († 1320 )

Born around 1284

• Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall , Gascognisch-English nobleman, favorite and lover of King Edward II († 1312 )
• Henry III. , Vogt of Plauen

Died

First half of the year

• January 6th : Heinrich I , Count von Fürstenberg (* around 1215 )
• January 16 : Ulrich von Blücher , Bishop of Ratzeburg (* around 1214 )
• before January 21: Amicia de Clare , English nobleman and founder of Buckland Abbey (* 1220 )

• February 12th : Humfried of Montfort , Lord of Tire and Beirut
• after February 21: Konrad , Count von Gützkow
• March: Hugo III. , King of Cyprus and Jerusalem (* around 1235 )

• April 2 : Werner von Eppstein , Imperial Arch Chancellor, Elector and Archbishop of Mainz (* around 1225 )
• April 4th : Alfonso X , King of Castile and León and (counter) King of the Holy Roman Empire (* 1221 )
• April 7th : Friedrich II. Von Walchen , Archbishop of Salzburg
• April 20 : Hōjō Tokimune , Japanese regent (* 1251 )

Second half of the year

• July 30 : Sturla Þórðarson , Icelandic writer and skald (* 1214 )
• August 10 : Tekuder , Ilchan of Persia (* around 1247 )
• August 19 : Alphonso, Earl of Chester , son and heir to the throne of Edward I of England (* 1273 )
• August 30 : Ichijō Sanetsune , Japanese regent (* 1223 )

• October 21 : Gerhard von Ennstal , Bishop of Lavant
• before 10 November: Siger of Brabant , French philosopher (* around 1235 / 1240 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Adelheid von Holland , regent of the counties of Holland and Zeeland and Countess of Hainaut (* around 1230 )
• Heinrich II. , Count of Zweibrücken
• Heinrich II. Von Heiligenkreuz , German Cistercian and abbot of three monasteries (* around 1200 )
• Ibn Abi Umara , usurper in the Hafsid Empire
• Johannes von Lune , Archbishop of Riga
• Nicolas Lorgne , Grand Master of the Order of St. John
• Otto von Tübingen , Count Palatine of Tübingen

Died around 1284

• Boetius von Dacien , Swedish / Danish philosopher
• Ibn Kammuna , Jewish philosopher, theologian and doctor (* around 1215 )

Web links

Commons : 1284  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files