1225

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1225
The Danish King Waldemar II. Must after the defeat in the Battle of Mölln on large areas of the Holy Roman Empire without.
1225 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	673/674 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1217/18
Buddhist calendar	1768/69 (southern Buddhism); 1767/68 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	65th (66th) cycle Year of the Wood Rooster乙酉 ( at the beginning of the year Wood Monkey 甲申)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	587/588 (turn of the year April)
Iranian calendar	603/604
Islamic calendar	621/622 (turn of the year 12/13 January)
Jewish calendar	4985/86 (September 3-4)
Coptic calendar	941/942
Malayalam calendar	400/401
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1535/36 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1536/37 (turn of the year October)
Spanish era	1263
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1281/82 (turn of the year April)

Events

Politics and world events

Denmark / Northern Germany

• January: Albrecht II of Orlamünde , governor of the Danish King Waldemar II , who was captured in 1223 , moves with several Danish nobles and his Guelph cousin Otto von Lüneburg against Waldemar's kidnappers Adolf IV von Schauenburg and Heinrich I von Schwerin and them with them allied north German nobles. They suffer a severe defeat in the Battle of Mölln , and Albrecht is also taken prisoner.
• November 17 : In the peace treaty after the battle of Mölln, Adolf IV von Holstein receives back the county of Holstein from the imprisoned Danish imperial administrator Albrecht II von Orlamünde , which was taken from Adolf's father by the Danes. Waldemar also renounces all German fiefdoms for his release with the exception of the Principality of Rügen , he grants complete freedom of trade for the German cities and undertakes to pay 45,000 silver marks.
• December 21 : The Danish King Waldemar II, who was taken prisoner by Count Heinrich I of Schwerin with his son Waldemar von Schleswig , is released after accepting high demands. The heavy loads and assignments of territory allow him to plan countermeasures immediately.

Other events in the Holy Roman Empire

Reliquary bust of St. Engelbert of Cologne from the Essen cathedral treasure

• November 7th : Reichsverweser and Archbishop of Cologne , Engelbert I of Cologne , is killed by followers of his relative Count Friedrich von Isenberg . Engelbert's successor Heinrich I von Müllenark applies at the court conference in Nuremberg on December 1st to pronounce the imperial ban on Friedrich. The application is granted and the razing of his castles is decided. Friedrich's castles in Hattingen and Nienbrügge are besieged and destroyed by Count Adolf I. von der Mark in winter .

Depiction of Heinrich's “betrothal” in the presence of Saint Mary above the portal of the Marienkirche in Quakenbrück

• Despite the engagement to the same age Agnes , daughter of the Bohemian King Přemysl Otakar I , in the year 1220 the Roman German (co-) king marries Henry on November 29 in Nuremberg his father at the request of Frederick II. The seven years older than Margaret of Babenberg , daughter of Duke Leopold VI. of Austria .

France / Occitania

• February 13 : Pope Honorius III. appoints Romano Bonaventura legate for France and gives him general power in all Albigensian matters .
• July 11th : Pope Honorius revokes Simon de Montfort's enfeoffment with the lands of the Raimundines .
• November 29th : Despite the willingness of Raymond VII of Toulouse to submit , a council in Bourges led by Romano Bonaventura refuses to give him reconciliation with the church and surrenders his lands for booty, which paves the way for a new crusade by King Louis VIII of France .

• Richard of Cornwall and William Longespée conquer on behalf of the British rulers Hubert de Burgh in the French-English war , the Gascogne back.

Iberian Peninsula

• Spring: The feud between Nuno Sanchez of Roussillon and Wilhelm II of Béarn , the royal procurator of the Aragon Crown , ends with a general reconciliation after a unsuccessful siege of Wilhelm's ancestral castle Montcada i Reixac , after which King James I independently took over the government of the kingdom Aragón takes over. In April he solemnly took up the cross in Tortosa to fight the Moors , but the siege of Peñíscola that followed failed.

Byzantine Empire / Crusader States

• Because of the low response from the European rulers, Emperor Friedrich II asks Pope Honorius III. to respite the crusade to the Holy Land that he promised . In July he undertook in the Treaty of San Germano to leave in August 1227 at the latest .

The expansion of the despotate of Epirus

• September 17th : When trying to win back the Kingdom of Thessaloniki for his brother Demetrius von Montferrat , Wilhelm VI succumbs . of Montferrat like most of his army in Almyros a diarrhea epidemic. Demetrius then returns to Italy as a mere titular king, where his nephew Boniface II takes control of the margraviate of Montferrat . Thessaloniki remains firmly in the hands of the despotate Epirus under Theodoros I Komnenos Dukas , who also takes other fortresses in western Thrace and the Aegean region and marches towards Constantinople. He made an alliance with the Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Assen II and conquered Adrianople . However, he had to abandon an attempt to siege Constantinople at the end of the year due to a lack of suitable siege equipment.

The wedding of Isabella and Friedrich

• November 9th : In Brindisi, Emperor Frederick II marries 13-year-old Isabella II of Jerusalem . Isabella's father Johann von Brienne , who had hoped to maintain his reign in the Kingdom of Jerusalem , was disappointed in his expectations and he came into conflict with Friedrich.

• After the crushing defeat in the Battle of Poimanenon and the fall of the Kingdom of Thessaloniki, the Latin Emperor Robert de Courtenay pleads with the Empire of Nikaia and Emperor John III. for peace. In the following peace treaty he lost practically all Latin possessions in Asia Minor . The Latin Empire is thus reduced to a small area around Constantinople .

• 1225/ 1227 : Theodoros I Komnenos Dukas can be of Demetrios Chomatenos , the Archbishop of Ohrid , crowned emperor of Thessaloniki.

Abbasid Empire / Caucasus

• October 2 : After the death of an-Nāsir li-Dīn Allaah , his son az-Zāhir bi-amr Allah becomes the thirty-fifth Abbasid caliph . He tries to soften his father's strict rule by lowering some taxes and abolishing the spying system. At the same time he strives for reforms in the administration as well as the development of a strong army in order to withstand the threat from the last Khorezm-Shah Jalal ad-Din , among other things . This even threatens Baghdad for a short time, but then turns back and instead conquers the empire of the Atabegs of Azerbaijan . He then marches against the Kingdom of Georgia under Queen Rusudan .

Asia

• The Trần Dynasty solves since 1009 ruling Ly Dynasty in Vietnam from.

City rights and first documentary mentions

• Gadebusch in Mecklenburg and Witzenhausen an der Werra receive city ​​rights .
• Aegerten , Berenbrock , Böhmenkirch , Buchs , Fräschels , Kamenz , Kürbitz im Vogtland , Lützelflüh , Muttenz , Sulzbach an der Murr , Thônex and Worfelden are mentioned for the first time.

Culture

• Old French literature : The prosimetrum Aucassin et Nicolette was created around 1225 .

religion

Buddhism

• The Ngamring Chöde Monastery of the Sakya School and Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism is founded.

Christianity

• February: After the death of Dietrich von Homburg , Hermann I von Lobdeburg is elected as his successor as Bishop of Würzburg . He brought the Bishopric of Würzburg to territorial bloom.
• November 15 : Henry I of Müllenark is one week after the assassination of his predecessor I. Engelbert archbishop of Cologne .

• After the death of Radulf von Mérencourt , Gerold von Lausanne becomes Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem .
• The writing De divisione naturae by Johannes Scotus Eriugena was again condemned by the church after 1210 for monism .

Born

Born 1225

• Beatrix von Brabant , Landgrave of Thuringia and German Queen († 1288 )
• Maria von Brienne , Empress of the Latin Empire of Constantinople († 1275 )
• Pierre de Tarentaise, under the name of Innocent V Pope († 1276 )
• Sancha of Provence , German queen († 1261 )
• Shem Tov ibn Falaquera , Jewish philosopher and poet in today's Spain († around 1295 )

Born around 1225

• 1220 /1225: Matilda of Holstein , Queen of Denmark († 1288 )
• 1220 /1225: John Peckham , Franciscans and English theologian, Archbishop of Canterbury († 1292 )

• 1224/1225 : Jean de Joinville , companion and chronicler of the French King Louis IX. († 1317 )
• 1224/1225 : Michael VIII. Dukas Komnenos Palaiologos , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire († 1282 )

Thomas Aquinas (posthumous painting by Carlo Crivelli , 1476)

• Thomas Aquinas , Italian Dominican, philosopher and theologian, saint of the Catholic Church († 1274 )
• Hermann VI. , Margrave of Baden, Duke of Austria and Styria († 1250 )
• Otto I , Prince-Bishop of Minden († 1275 )
• Leo Thundorfer , Prince-Bishop of Regensburg († 1277 )
• Walter Winterburn , Provincial of the English Order Province of the Dominican Order and cardinal priest of the titular church of S. Sabina († 1305 )

Died

First half of the year

• January 3 : Adolf III. , Count of Holstein and Schauenburg (* 1160 )
• January: Amicia FitzWilliam , Anglo-Norman nobleman (* around 1170 )

• around February 11th : Hugh Bigod , English magnate
• February 22nd : Bernard IV , Count of Comminges
• February: Dietrich von Homburg , Bishop of Würzburg

• May 6 : John of Fountains , English prelate, Abbot of Fountains Abbey and Bishop of the Diocese of Ely
• around June 21 : Konrad von Krosigk , Bishop of Halberstadt

Second half of the year

Tomb of Ōe no Hiromoto in Kamakura

• July 16 : Ōe no Hiromoto , Japanese court nobleman (* 1148 )
• August 16 : Hōjō Masako , Japanese noblewoman (* 1156 )

• September 17th : Wilhelm VI. , Margrave of Montferrat
• September 28 : Nikolaus II , Lord of Gadebusch (* before 1180)
• September 29th : Arnaud Amaury , Abbot of Cîteaux and Archbishop of Narbonne, as papal legate and spiritual leader of the Albigensian Crusade

• October 2 : an-Nasir , Caliph of the Abbasids (* 1158 )
• October 28 : Jien , Japanese Buddhist monk, historian and poet (* 1155 )

• November 7th : Engelbert I , Count von Berg and Archbishop of Cologne (* around 1185 )
• November 7th : Nikolas Arnason , Bishop of Oslo (* around 1150 )
• before December 26th: Geoffrey de Neville , English nobleman, Seneschal of Gascony and King's Chamberlain of the Household

Exact date of death unknown

• Agnes II , Countess of Tonnerre, Auxerre and Nevers (* around 1205 )
• Bernard Itier , French clergyman and chronicler (* 1163 )
• Ma Yuan , Chinese painter (* 1160 )
• Radulf von Mérencourt , Bishop of Sidon, Chancellor of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
• Gérard de Rougemont , Bishop of Lausanne and Archbishop of Besançon
• Śākyaśrībhadra , Kashmiri scholar of Tibetan Buddhism (* 1127 )
• Throphu Tshälthrim Sherab , translator of the Throphu Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism (* 1173 )
• Urso von Salerno , Italian doctor, philosopher and author

Died around 1225

• Friedrich I. von Haunstadt , Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt

Web links

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