Margraviate of Montferrat
Montferrat ( Italian Monferrato ) was a margraviate in Piedmont , between Turin and Genoa . It was raised to a duchy in 1573.
history
The territory of the margraviate stretched from north to south in two separate parts between the Maritime Alps and the Po , covered 2750 km² and had Monferrato as its capital. Charlemagne installed counts to administer the country, who were raised to margraves by Otto the Great in 967 .
The ruling family of the Aleramides took part in the first place in the crusades , and in the conquered lands placed a number of monarchs, above all the two sons and a grandson of Margrave Wilhelm V :
- Konrad von Montferrat was titular king of Jerusalem († 1192)
- Boniface I of Montferrat , founded the Kingdom of Thessaloniki († 1207)
- Baldwin of Montferrat became King of Jerusalem as Baldwin V († 1186)
In the 14th century , the margravate was inherited by the paleologists , who in turn bequeathed it to the Gonzaga in 1533 . Raised a duchy in 1573, a small part of the country came to the House of Savoy after the War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–1631) , which maintained old claims (going back to 1330). The greater part of the duchy remained with the Gonzaga-Nevers until they switched to the French side in the War of the Spanish Succession and therefore all imperial fiefs of the Gonzaga were withdrawn by Emperor Leopold I.
With the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 and Baden in 1714, the claims of the House of Savoy to the territory of Montferrat, which had already been confirmed in the Peace of Münster in 1648, were taken into account and the entire Duchy was given to Duke Victor Amadeus II as an imperial fief.
List of the Marquis of Montferrat
Aleramides
- Wilhelm I († before 933)
- Aleram I. († 969)
- Wilhelm II. († before 961)
- Otto I. († 991)
- Anselm I.
- William III. (991-1017 attested)
- Otto II († 1084)
- Wilhelm IV. († around 1101)
- Rainer († around 1136)
- Wilhelm V († 1191)
- Konrad (1191-1192)
- Boniface I (1187–1207)
- William VI. (1207-1225)
- Boniface II (1225–1253 / 5)
- Wilhelm VII. (1253 / 5–1290)
- Johann I (1290-1305)
Paleologists
- Theodor I (1305-1338)
- John II (1338-1372)
- Otto III. (1372-1378)
- Johann III. (1378-1381)
- Theodore II (1381-1418)
- Johann Jakob (1418–1445)
- John IV (1445–1464)
- Wilhelm X. (1464-1483)
- Boniface III (1483–1494)
- Wilhelm XI. (1494-1518)
- Boniface IV (1518-1530)
- Johann Georg (1530–1533)
Gonzaga
- Federico II Gonzaga (1533-1540)
- Francesco III. Gonzaga (1540-1550)
- Guglielmo Gonzaga (1550–1587)
- Vincenzo I. Gonzaga (1587-1612)
- Francesco IV Gonzaga (1612)
- Ferdinando Gonzaga (1612-26)
- Vincenzo II Gonzaga (1626-1627)
- Carlo I. Gonzaga (1627–1637), Duke of Nevers and Rethel
- Carlo III. Gonzaga (1637–1665), Duke of Nevers and Rethel until 1659
- Carlo IV. Gonzaga (1665-1708)
literature
- Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present. 6th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , p. 402.
- Barbara Sasse Tateo: Montferrat. In: Volker Reinhardt (ed.): The great families of Italy (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 485). Kröner, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-520-48501-X , pp. 372-377.
- Aldo A. Settia: Mon (t) ferrat, Mgf.en v. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Vol. 6, dtv, Munich 2006, Sp. 799-802.