21st December

The December 21 is the 355th day of the Gregorian calendar (the 356th in leap years ), thus remain 10 days to the year. At noon on 21 (or 22) in December the sun is at the Tropic of Capricorn in the zenith and is at the northern Arctic Circle during the day did not occur. Thus, it is the shortest (bright) day of the year in the northern hemisphere, the winter solstice .

Historic anniversaries November · December · January

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events

Politics and world events

• 0069: Vespasian moves into Rome and is recognized by the Senate as the new Roman Emperor , the last of the four emperors year .
• 1140: King Conrad III. conquers Weinsberg Castle after a long siege. The women carry their husbands out of the castle and thus save their lives. The women are known as Treue Weiber von Weinsberg, the castle as Weibertreu .
• 1192: On his way back from the Third Crusade , Richard I the Lionheart is captured by the Austrian Duke Leopold V near Vienna .
• 1225: The Danish King Waldemar II, who was taken prisoner by Count Heinrich I von Schwerin with his son Waldemar von Schleswig , is released after high demands have been recognized. The heavy loads and assignments of territory allow him to immediately plan countermeasures that will lead to the battle of Bornhöved in 1227 .
• 1237: The city of Ryazan is almost completely destroyed after a successful siege by Mongols under Batu Khan .

1471: Gulf of Guinea

• 1471: The Portuguese navigator João de Santarém discovers the island of São Tomé , located near the equator, in the Gulf of Guinea and takes possession of the island for Portugal .
• 1533: The Spanish navigator Hernando de Grijalva discovers the island, later renamed Socorro , as the first of the Mexican Revillagigedo Islands in the east Pacific .
• 1598: The rebel Mapuche, led by war chief Pelantaro, succeed in defeating the Spanish governor Martín García Óñez de Loyola and his soldiers in the Battle of Curalaba in Chile .
• 1602: On the night of December 22nd, Karl Emanuel I tries to conquer the city of Geneva with his Savoy troops . The Genevans but succeeds in the L'Escalade hit back, which is celebrated annually today.
• 1620: A group of Pilgrim Fathers who arrived in the New World on the Mayflower forms a settlement on the mainland.
• 1705: Representatives of the four estates gather for the Braunau parliament in the city quarter of Baron von Paumgarten in the Breuninger inn in Braunau am Inn . The Bavarian popular uprising against the foreign rule of Emperor Joseph I thus reached its climax.
• 1813: Allied troops of the sixth coalition move into Switzerland between Basel and Schaffhausen , whose border troops withdraw without a fight. With the occupation, the end of mediation in the Alpine state is drawing near.
• 1816: The American Colonial Society is founded in the USA to solve the problem of slavery . The founders are united in the opinion that blacks cannot be integrated into white society and should return to Africa. As a result, the company buys land there and establishes the state of Liberia .
• 1817: During the Third Marath War , the soldiers of the British East India Company defeat the army from Indore in the Battle of Mahidpur .
• 1845: The Battle of Ferozeshah begins during the First Sikh War .

1859: Sam Houston

• 1859: Sam Houston becomes governor of Texas . Since he already held this office in Tennessee from 1827 to 1829 , he is the first and only governor in several US states .
• 1864: General Sherman's famous “March to the Sea” ends in Savannah in the American Civil War , which has carved a path of destruction from Atlanta to Savannah.
• 1867: Emperor Franz Joseph I sanctions the December constitution for the cisleithan countries of the Habsburg monarchy . Part of the constitution, the constitutional law on the general rights of citizens , is still valid in Austria today.
• 1874: In the Kulturkampf in Switzerland , the authorities dissolve the diocese of Basel .
• 1907: In the Iquique massacre , several hundred to 3,600 striking workers in the Chilean saltpetre industry and their families are shot by the military.
• 1941: The mass murder of around 54,000 Jewish prisoners by Romanian soldiers, Ukrainian police officers and local ethnic Germans begins in the Bogdanowka concentration camp .
• 1958: In France, Charles de Gaulle is elected the first president of the Fifth Republic with 78 percent of the votes of an electoral college .
• 1965: The UN General Assembly adopts the International Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination .
• 1972: The basic treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR is signed in East Berlin by Egon Bahr and Michael Kohl , with the aim of establishing good neighborly relations between the two states .
• 1973: The Brazilian Indian Statute is published. It regulates the relationship between the state and other populations and the indigenous population of Brazil .
• 1975: In the OPEC -Hauptgebäude in Vienna it comes by terrorists led by Carlos to a spectacular hostage-taking . Around 70 hostages are taken, including 11 oil ministers from OPEC countries. 3 people are killed in the action.
• 1979: In London, Abel Muzorewa , Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo as well as Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington , sign the Lancaster House Agreement on a ceasefire between the conflicting parties in Southern Rhodesia and the procedure until the country becomes independent from Great Britain after a conference lasting several months in the following year.
• 1984: In the conflict over the Hainburger Au , the Austrian government decides to stop clearing .
• 1991: The former Soviet republics of Azerbaijan , Armenia , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Moldova , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan join the Commonwealth of Independent States .
• 1999: Chandrika Kumaratunga is confirmed as head of state of Sri Lanka .
• 2007: Estonia , Latvia , Lithuania , Poland , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Slovenia and Malta become members of the Schengen area .

business

• 1844: In Rochdale , 28 Weavers and other members, united in the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, open a shop . Their business principles give impetus to the consumer cooperative idea . At the opening, the narrow range is limited to butter, sugar, oatmeal and a few candles.
• 1919: The German Reichspost officially announces that from January 1, 1920 it will accept the new type of mail item for transport.
• 1942: A miners' strike in the Bolivian tin - Catavi mine for better wages and working conditions is bloody ended by a military operation. Hundreds of civilians die.
• 2018: The Prosper-Haniel mine in Bottrop is the last German mine to close.

science and technology

1806: Aurora bands

• 1806: Alexander von Humboldt reports for the first time about a magnetic storm . The following night, the northern lights can also be seen in Berlin .

1872: HMS Challenger

• 1872: The Challenger expedition sets out from Plymouth on the corvette that gives it its name to carry out scientific research, including exploring the deep sea and the location of islands.
• 1898: Marie and Pierre Curie discover the chemical element radium .
• 1901: The British expedition ship RRS Discovery , led by Robert Falcon Scott, sets off from the New Zealand port of Lyttelton on an Antarctic expedition . On board is Ernest Shackleton , among others . The Discovery Expedition was not a lucky star right from the start, with a sailor killed as soon as he left the port.
• 1909: The Wyoming , the world's largest six-masted schooner with 3730 gross tons, begins her maiden voyage from Bath in the US state of Maine .

1936: Junkers Ju 88

• 1936: The Junkers Ju 88 , one of the standard fighter aircraft of the air force of Nazi Germany , completed its first flight.
• 1952: In the GDR , television begins as a "public trial program" from Berlin-Adlershof with two hours a day of broadcasting time.
• 1967: Eighteen days after Christiaan Barnard's operation , Louis Washkansky dies , the first person to have had a successful heart transplant .

1968: Start of the Apollo 8

• 1968: With Apollo 8 , with the astronauts Frank Borman , James Arthur Lovell and William Anders on board, a manned spaceship of the Apollo program sets off from the Kennedy Space Center for the first time in the direction of the moon .
• 1970: The US Grumman F-14 Tomcat fighter aircraft completes its maiden flight.
• 1984: The Soviet Vega 2 space probe is launched to explore the planet Venus and Comet Halley .

Culture

• 1628: The baroque court theater Teatro Farnese in Parma is used for the first time.
• 1652: The first performance of the drama Veremonda, l'amazzone di Aragona by Francesco Cavalli takes place in the Palazzo Reale in Naples .
• 1836: The world premiere of the comic opera L'Ambassadrice (The Ambassador) by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber takes place at the Opéra-Comique in Paris .
• 1854: The first performance of the comic opera Der Advokat by Ferdinand Hiller takes place in Cologne .
• 1879: On Det Royal Danish Theater in Copenhagen, the drama A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen premiered. Out of consideration for the contemporary perspective of the institution of marriage, Nora stays with her husband at the end of this performance. The first performance with Ibsen's original ending did not take place until 1880 in Munich.
• 1903: The Prix ​​Goncourt , France's most important literary prize, is awarded for the first time. The first winner of the award, which has been awarded annually to this day, is John-Antoine Nau .

1913: The first crossword puzzle

• 1913: The world's first crossword puzzle appears in the weekend supplement of New York World , invented by Arthur Wynne .
• 1925: The propaganda silent film Battleship Potemkin by Sergei Eisenstein with music by Edmund Meisel is the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the 1905 revolution in Moscow's Bolshoi Theater premiered.
• 1928: The rope dancer piece Katharina Knie by Carl Zuckmayer is premiered at the Berlin Lessing Theater.
• 1935: The world premiere of the operetta Dschainah, the girl from the dance house by Paul Abraham takes place.

1937: Snow White screenshot

• 1937: Before a purely adult audience, the first full-length Walt Disney - Cartoons Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in the US premiere.
• 1955: The premiere of the film Sissi by Ernst Marischka with Romy Schneider and Karlheinz Böhm takes place in the Apollo Kino in Vienna .
• 1960: Ornette Coleman and a double quartet record the album Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation , after which one direction of jazz is named Free Jazz .

1968: Cast sheet for the world premiere of Globolinks

• 1968: The science fiction opera Help, Help, the Globolinks by Gian Carlo Menotti is premiered at the Hamburg State Opera and is an immediate success.
• 1968: Sergio Leone's western play Me Song of Death is premiered in Rome .
• 2012: The long count of the Mayan calendar , which began on August 11, 3114 BC. Chr. Runs, ends.

society

• 1892: The German Peace Society is founded by Bertha von Suttner and Alfred Hermann Fried as a politically independent association.
• 1959: Iran's Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi marries Farah Diba, a student .
• 2005: Pop star Elton John and his partner David Furnish are among the gay couples who enter into a Registered Partnership on the first possible day in the UK .

religion

• 0401: Pope Innocent I , his father takes office as the successor Anastasius I in.
• 1124: Pope Honorius II takes over the official duties as head of the church.
• 1911: The Church of the Immaculate Conception , which is still the largest Catholic church in all of Russia, is consecrated in Moscow .

Disasters

• 1910: An explosion in a mine, the Pretoria Pit Disaster , kills 344 miners in Westhoughton, England .
• 1988: A Boeing 747 crashes over Lockerbie , Scotland following a bomb explosion aboard Pan-American Flight 103 , killing all 259 people on board and 11 Lockerbie residents. On August 16, 2003, Libya took responsibility for this terrorist attack and has so far paid 2.7 billion US dollars to the bereaved (and their lawyers).

Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Disaster .

nature and environment

Established in 1962: Rondane National Park

• 1962: The Rondane National Park is established as the first of its kind in Norway.
• 1971: The Munzur-Vadisi National Park in Eastern Anatolia is declared a national park.

Sports

• 1904: The world motorcycle association, the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme , is founded in Paris .
• 1919: The Polish Football Association ( Polski Związek Piłki Nożnej (PZPN)) is founded in Warsaw .
• 1976: FC Bayern Munich wins the second leg against Cruzeiro Belo Horizonte (0-0, first leg 2-0) as the first German soccer club to win the World Cup .
• 1997: The Brazilian national soccer team wins the third edition of the Confederations Cup by beating the Australian national soccer team 6-0 in the final.
• 1998: Austria's men celebrated a nine-fold victory in the Super-G in Innsbruck, which is unique in the history of the Alpine Skiing World Cup.

Entries of track and field world records can be found under the respective discipline under track and field .

Born

Before the 18th century

• 1118: Thomas Becket , English Lord Chancellor and Archbishop
• 1336: Balthasar of Thuringia and Meißen , Margrave of Meißen, Landgrave of Thuringia
• 1401: Masaccio , Italian painter
• 1468: William Conyers, 1st Baron Conyers , northern English nobleman
• 1500: Caspar Huberinus , German Lutheran theologian and reformer
• 1505: Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton , English nobleman
• 1508: Thomas Naogeorg , German theologian and writer
• 1511: Erasmus Ebner , German diplomat, scholar and statesman
• 1541: Thomas Schweicker , armless art writer
• 1542: Thomas Allen , English mathematician and astrologer
• 1550: Aegidius Hunnius the Elder , German theologian
• 1556: Christian Friis , Danish statesman
• 1580: Johann George Besold , German lawyer and private lawyer
• 1616: Pietro Andrea Ziani , Italian organist and composer
• 1651: Dimitri Tuptalo , Russian metropolitan
• 1656: Thomas Franz von Savoyen , Prince of Carignan and Count of Soissons
• 1672: Benjamin Schmolck , German hymn poet
• 1672: Johann Christoph Schwedler , German theologian and hymn poet
• 1682: Jack Rackham , English pirate captain
• 1684: Ippolito Desideri , Italian Jesuit
• 1696: Johann Thomas von Quentel , priest and canon in Cologne

18th century

• 1715: Gottlob Curt Heinrich von Tottleben , Saxon adventurer and Russian general
• 1722: Thomas Jenkins , British painter, art collector, antique dealer and banker
• 1725: Hans Joachim Bernet , Mayor of St. Gallen
• 1728: Hermann Friedrich Raupach , German composer
• 1734: Manuel do Nascimento , Portuguese poet and religious
• 1744: Anne Vallayer-Coster , French painter
• 1748: Ludwig Hölty , German popular poet
• 1751: Konrad Wilhelm Ledderhose , German lawyer
• 1753: Maximilian Thomas von Aicher , Bavarian officer
• 1758: Jean Baptiste Eblé , French general and Minister of War of the Kingdom of Westphalia
• 1762: Friedrich Karl Gottlob Hirsching , German polymath and lexicographer
• 1764: John Parker Boyd , American mercenary and general
• 1766: Juliane Giovane , German writer and lady-in-waiting
• 1767: Christian Jakob Salice-Contessa , Silesian local politician and romantic writer
• 1773: Robert Brown , Scottish botanist
• 1783: Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart , British general
• 1787: Thomas Graf , German Catholic clergyman
• 1795: Leopold von Ranke , German historian
• 1799: David Don , British botanist
• 1800: Luise von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg , Duchess of Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld, mother of the British Prince Consort Albert von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha

19th century

1801-1850

• 1804: Benjamin Disraeli , British statesman and novelist, Prime Minister
• 1805: Thomas Graham , British chemist
• 1810: Johann Christian Konrad von Hofmann , German Protestant theologian
• 1813: Philipp Galen , German writer and doctor
• 1814: Eduard von Bach , Austrian politician
• 1815: Christian Friedrich Budenberg , German entrepreneur
• 1815: Thomas Couture , French painter
• 1818: Amalie von Oldenburg , Duchess of Oldenburg, Princess of Bavaria and Queen of Greece
• 1820: Heungseon Daewongun , ruler of the Korean kingdom of Joseon
• 1820: Tomás Martínez Guerrero , President of Nicaragua

Jean-Henri Fabre (* 1823)

• 1823: Jean-Henri Fabre , French entomologist, poet and writer, is considered a pioneer in behavioral research and ecophysiology
• 1824: Jenny Bürde-Ney , German singer
• 1826: Tomás León , Mexican composer and pianist
• 1833: Walther Franz Georg Bronsart von Schellendorff , Prussian general and minister of war
• 1834: Adolf von Sonnenthal , Austro-Hungarian actor
• 1836: Ernst Camerer , German lawyer and association official
• 1836: Auguste Chantre , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor
• 1838: Wilhelm Maurenbrecher , German Reformation historian
• 1843: Charles Phelps Taft , American politician, member of the House of Representatives
• 1846: Hermann Ahlwardt , German elementary school teacher and anti-Semitic agitator
• 1846: Ferdinand Gustav Hans von Arnim , Prussian general, MdL
• 1847: John Rouse Merriott Chard , British officer, commanded the British forces at Rorke's Drift
• 1848: Jakob Hillier , Romanian-German composer, church musician and music teacher
• 1850: Zdeněk Fibich , Czech composer
• 1850: Hendrik Barend Greven , Dutch economist and statistician
• 1850: Francesco Ragonesi , Vatican diplomat and cardinal to the Curia

1851-1900

• 1853: Isolde Kurz , German writer
• 1856: Giulio del Torre , Italian painter
• 1857: Marko Smoler , Sorbian publisher and editor
• 1861: Karl August Lingner , German entrepreneur and philanthropist
• 1865: Georg Deycke , German doctor
• 1866: Maud Gonne , Irish revolutionary

Rudolf von Tavel (* 1866)

• 1866: Rudolf von Tavel , Swiss journalist and book author
• 1867: Albert Trautmann , German pharmacist, local researcher and writer
• 1868: Rudolf Abel , German bacteriologist
• 1868: Hans Wacker , German painter
• 1871: Charles Galloway , American composer
• 1873: Blagoje Bersa , Croatian composer
• 1873: Josip Ipavec , Slovenian composer
• 1874: John Quincy Adams , Austrian painter
• 1874: Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński , Polish poet and literary translator
• 1875: Thomas Schneider , German motorist, one of the first car drivers in Baden
• 1876: Karl Mensing , German lawyer
• 1878: Jan Łukasiewicz , Polish philosopher, mathematician and logician
• 1878: Hugo Peitsch , German gymnast
• 1884: Camillo Ugi , German football player
• 1885: Erich Friderici , German general
• 1885: Hermann Heimerich , German lawyer and politician, Lord Mayor of Mannheim
• 1886: Fritz Baumgarten , German soccer player
• 1886: Hermann Kees , German Egyptologist
• 1886: Frank Neil , Australian theater entrepreneur
• 1888: Frederick Antal , Hungarian-British art historian
• 1889: Willi Max Scheid , German architect, commercial artist and university professor
• 1889: Sewall Wright , American biologist and geneticist
• 1890: Hermann Joseph Muller , American biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize winner
• 1890: Mikalaj Aladau , Belarusian composer
• 1891: Philipp Etter , Swiss politician, Federal Councilor, Minister of the Interior, Federal President
• 1891: Walter Schmidt , German clergyman, Chief Apostle of the New Apostolic Church

Rebecca West (* 1892)

• 1892: Rebecca West , British writer and journalist
• 1893: Anton Dietzenschmidt , German playwright
• 1894: Walter Hahm , German general
• 1895: Hermann Stopperich , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
• 1896: Leroy Robertson , American composer
• 1896: Konstantin Konstantinowitsch Rokossowski , Soviet officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union and Poland, Polish Minister of Defense
• 1898: Helmut Stellrecht , German politician and writer, MdR
• 1899: Gilbert Colgate , American bobsledder and entrepreneur
• 1900: Immanuel Baumann , Bessarabian German clergyman
• 1900: Marinus van der Goes van Naters , Dutch politician, MEP
• 1900: Oda Schaefer , German writer

20th century

1901-1925

• 1902: Anny Ahlers , German singer and actress
• 1902: Ewald Sprave , German local politician, mayor of Dortmund
• 1902: Peetie Wheatstraw , American blues musician

Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf von Schwerin von Schwanenfeld (* 1902)

• 1902: Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld , German officer and resistance fighter
• 1904: Jean René Bazaine , French painter
• 1904: Erling Sivertsen , Norwegian carcinologist and zoologist
• 1905: Bernhard Ahrens , German politician, MdL
• 1906: Georg Knepler , German musicologist
• 1909: Erich Arp , German politician, Member of the State Parliament, State Minister
• 1909: George Wildman Ball , American lawyer, politician, and diplomat
• 1909: Erik Haps , Belgian motorcycle racer
• 1909: Hermann Heemsoth , German chess player
• 1909: Pi Scheffer , Dutch composer and conductor
• 1910: Rosa Bouglione , French circus performer
• 1911: Junie Astor , French actress
• 1911: Paul Burkhard , Swiss composer
• 1912: Walter Krause , German politician, Member of the State Parliament, State Minister
• 1913: Rudolf Aschenauer , German lawyer
• 1913: Heinz Conrads , Austrian actor
• 1913: Andor Foldes , American pianist

Heinrich Böll (* 1917)

• 1917: Diana Athill , British author
• 1917: Heinrich Böll , German writer and translator, Nobel Prize winner
• 1917: Ivor Dean , British actor
• 1918: Kurt Waldheim , Austrian diplomat and politician, Foreign Minister, UN Secretary General, Federal President
• 1919: Ivan Blatný , Czech poet and writer
• 1919: Gerd Semmer , German poet, columnist and translator
• 1919: Ove Sprogøe , Danish actor
• 1920: Alicia Alonso , Cuban prima ballerina, ballet director and choreographer
• 1920: Gaston-Armand Amaudruz , Swiss publicist
• 1920: Rudolf Bieri , Swiss lawyer and civil servant
• 1921: Heinrich Adameck , German politician and party functionary, member of the Central Committee of the SED
• 1921: Karl-Günther Bechem , German racing car driver
• 1921: Paul Falk , German figure skater
• 1921: Ogawa Kunio , Japanese writer
• 1921: Augusto Monterroso , Guatemalan writer and diplomat
• 1924: Walter Rosenwald , German ministerial official, military historian and religious scholar
• 1925: Olga Alexandrovna Aroseva , Russian actress
• 1925: Billy Emerson , American keyboard player
• 1925: Otto Schlecht , German State Secretary

1926-1950

• 1926: James B. Adams , American government official
• 1926: Herbert Ehrenberg , German politician, Member of the Bundestag, Federal Minister
• 1926: Freddie Hart , American musician
• 1926: Lilli Nielsen , Danish psychologist, dealt with education for the visually impaired
• 1927: Hanns Schuschnig , German director, translator and actor
• 1930: Adebayo Adedeji , Nigerian politician, minister
• 1930: Wolfgang Pietzsch , German chess player
• 1930: Kalevi Sorsa , Finnish politician, prime minister, foreign minister
• 1931: Julia Gschnitzer , Austrian actress
• 1931: Redha Malek , Algerian politician, minister, prime minister
• 1931: Tadeusz Styczeń , Polish theologian
• 1932: UR Ananthamurthy , Indian writer
• 1932: Hermann Appel , German engineer
• 1932: Hinrich Lehmann-Grube , German local politician, Lord Mayor of Leipzig
• 1934: Hank Crawford , American alto saxophonist
• 1934: Giuseppina Leone , Italian athlete, Olympic medalist
• 1935: John G. Avildsen , American film director
• 1935: Lorenzo Bandini , Italian racing car driver
• 1935: Günter Jäger , German football player
• 1936: Éric Gaudibert , Swiss composer and music teacher
• 1936: Hershel W. Gober , American politician, Minister of War Veterans
• 1937: Jane Fonda , American film actress
• 1937: David Levy , Israeli politician, multiple minister
• 1937: Czesława Stopka , Polish cross-country skier
• 1938: Luise Deschauer , German actress
• 1938: Felix Huby , German screenwriter

Frank Zappa (* 1940)

• 1940: Frank Zappa , American musician and composer
• 1941: Klaus-Jürgen Hedrich , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
• 1941: John Hicks , American jazz pianist
• 1941: Christine Spielberg , German athlete
• 1942: Jürgen Billmann , German soccer player
• 1942: Uwe Dick , German writer
• 1942: Hu Jintao , Chinese politician, president
• 1942: Reinhard Mey , German songwriter
• 1942: Peter Propping , German human geneticist
• 1942: Manfred Such , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
• 1942: Carla Thomas , American soul singer
• 1942: Wolfgang Weng , German politician, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
• 1943: Helga Adler , German woman politician
• 1943: Albert Lee , British musician and singer
• 1943: Jack Nance , American actor
• 1943: Petra Pascal , German singer
• 1944: Christel Aschmoneit-Lücke , German politician, MdL
• 1944: Werner Busch , German art historian
• 1944: Ulli Lommel , German actor, director, screenwriter and film producer
• 1945: Barb Heinz , German sports scientist and handball player
• 1945: Dietmar Mues , German actor, speaker and writer
• 1946: Carl Wilson , American musician, singer, and songwriter
• 1947: Christian Bienert , German radio presenter
• 1947: Paco de Lucía , Spanish guitarist and grandmaster of the flamenco guitar
• 1948: Samuel L. Jackson , American actor
• 1948: Willi Resetarits , Austrian musician and human rights activist
• 1948: Raymond Singer , American actor and screenwriter
• 1949: Gottfried Böttger , German pianist
• 1949: Thomas Sankara , Burkinabe officer and politician, minister, prime minister, president
• 1949: Marilyn Scott , American jazz singer
• 1950: Jeffrey Katzenberg , American film producer
• 1950: Thomas Hürlimann , Swiss writer

1951-1975

• 1952: Hani Shaker , Egyptian actor and singer
• 1953: Scott Colby , American guitarist
• 1953: András Schiff , Hungarian pianist
• 1953: Betty Wright , American soul singer
• 1954: Chris Evert , American tennis player
• 1955: Jane Kaczmarek , American actress
• 1955: Ute Christensen , German actress
• 1955: Crock Krumbiegel , German voice actor
• 1956: Roc LaFortune , Canadian actor
• 1956: Lee Roy Parnell , American country singer and songwriter
• 1957: Jürgen Domian , German moderator
• 1957: Rolf Kanies , German actor
• 1957: Mary Raftery , Irish investigative journalist
• 1958: Tamara Bykowa , Russian athlete, Olympic medalist
• 1958: Rolf Lappert , Swiss writer
• 1959: Florence Griffith-Joyner , American athlete, Olympic champion
• 1959: Philippe A. Kayser , German musician
• 1959: Andreas Matti , Swiss actor
• 1959: Sergio Rubini , Italian actor
• 1959: Michael Spindelegger , Austrian politician, Federal Minister
• 1960: Shuichi Abe , Japanese politician
• 1961: Markus Anton Huber , Austrian artist
• 1962: Andreas Bartl , German media manager
• 1963: Stefan Bethäuser , German soccer player
• 1963: Patricia Lips , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
• 1963: Andreas Voßkuhle , German legal scholar, President of the Federal Constitutional Court
• 1964: Fabiana Udenio , Argentine actress

Anke Engelke (* 1965)

• 1965: Anke Engelke , German comedian and actress
• 1965: Cem Özdemir , German politician, Member of the Bundestag, MEP
• 1965: Jyri Pelkonen , Finnish Nordic combined skier
• 1965: Michael Schenk , German actor
• 1966: Kiefer Sutherland , Canadian actor
• 1967: Oliver Conz , German lawyer, conservationist and politician, State Secretary
• 1967: Mikheil Saakashvili , stateless politician, President of Georgia
• 1968: Anthony Lynn , American football player and coach
• 1969: Julie Delpy , French actress
• 1969: Baal Müller , German writer and publicist
• 1970: Nasser Al-Attiyah , Qatari shooter and rally driver
• 1970: Stefan Lövgren , Swedish handball player
• 1971: Harri Ylönen , Finnish soccer player
• 1973: Matías Almeyda , Argentine soccer player
• 1975: Ricard Imbernon , Andorran football player
• 1975: Javier Martín Sánchez , Andorran football player

1976-2000

• 1976: José Antogna , Argentine track and road cyclist
• 1977: Klodian Duro , Albanian football player

Emmanuel Macron (* 1977)

• 1977: Emmanuel Macron , French politician, minister, president

Alexander Wolf (* 1978)

• 1978: Alexander Wolf , German biathlete
• 1979: Obaidulla Karimi , Afghan soccer player
• 1979: Bert Tischendorf , German actor
• 1980: Ricardo Mello , Brazilian tennis player
• 1981: Cristian Zaccardo , Italian football player
• 1982: Edwin Carlos Colón , Puerto Rican wrestler
• 1983: Steven Yeun , South Korean-American actor
• 1984: Peter Chrappan , Slovak football player
• 1984: Michael McDowell , American racing driver
• 1984: Myvanwy Ella Penny , German-British violinist
• 1985: Matthew Mbuta , Cameroonian soccer player
• 1986: Adrián Argachá , Uruguayan football player
• 1986: Mandy-Marie Mahrenholz , German actress
• 1987: Ismail Assad , Algerian road cyclist
• 1987: Rachel Shenton , British film actress
• 1987: Harald Feuchtmann Perez , Chilean handball player
• 1987: Lukas Thürauer , Austrian soccer player
• 1989: Shōhei Tochimoto , Japanese ski jumper
• 1989: Cheikhou Kouyaté , Senegalese soccer player
• 1990: Jo Coppens , Belgian soccer player
• 1991: Riccardo Saponara , Italian football player
• 1992: Amar Cekić , German-Bosnian football player
• 1992: Dale Jennings , English soccer player
• 1992: Abu-Bakarr Kargbo , Sierra Leonean football player
• 1995: Niklas Ehrenholz , German poker player
• 1996: Kaitlyn Dever , American actress
• 1996: Cosima Henman , German actress

Died

Before the 16th century

Giovanni Boccaccio († 1375)

• 0069: Gnaeus Caecilius Simplex , Roman politician
• 0882: Hinkmar von Reims , church prince of the Franconian Empire
• 0886: Hildegrim II , Bishop of Halberstadt
• 1001: Hugo the Great , Margrave of Tuscany
• 1028: Erling Skjalgsson , ruler of Sola in southwest Norway and one of Norway's most powerful men
• 1173: Adolf I , Abbot of Werden
• 1195: Wernher , Bishop of Gurk
• 1239: Henry de Trubleville , Anglo- Norman military officer and civil servant
• 1282: Jon Raude , Archbishop of Norway
• 1290: Gerhard I , Count of Holstein-Itzehoe
• 1295: Erich von Brandenburg , Archbishop of Magdeburg
• 1302: Jean II. D'Harcourt , French knight, Lord of Harcourt, Baron of Elbeuf, Vice-Count of Châtellerault and Saint-Sauveur
• 1308: Heinrich I , first Landgrave of Hesse and founder of the Hessian Princely House
• 1332: Dietrich Wolfhauer , Bishop of Lavant
• 1340: Johann the child , Duke of Lower Bavaria
• 1352: Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe , Prince-Bishop of Bamberg
• 1353: Heinrich III. von Virneburg , Archbishop and Elector of Mainz
• 1362: Constantine V , King of Armenia
• 1375: Giovanni Boccaccio , Italian writer
• 1391: Engelbert III. von der Mark , Count of Mark-Altena
• 1422: Engelmar Chrel , official and vicar general of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, Bishop of Chiemsee
• 1446: Louis I de Bourbon , Count of Vendôme
• 1500: Lambert von Werle , abbot of the Eldena monastery

16th to 18th centuries

• 1503: Adam von Podewils , Princely Pomeranian Privy Council, governor in Zanow and Belgard
• 1504: Berthold von Henneberg , Archbishop of Mainz, Imperial Arch Chancellor and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial Reformer
• 1536: Robert III. de La Marck , Marshal of France
• 1549: Margaret of Navarre , Queen of Navarre, poet and diplomat
• 1553: Sinan Pasha , Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy
• 1576: Otto IV. , Count of Schaumburg and Holstein-Pinneberg
• 1597: Petrus Canisius , German theologian and doctor of the church, counter-reformer
• 1610: Pseudodimitri II , Russian pretender to the throne
• 1610: Katharina Wasa , Princess of Sweden and Countess of East Frisia
• 1645: Armand de Sillègue d'Athos d'Autevielle , French musketeer
• 1660: William Stone , English colonial governor of Maryland
• 1663: Camillo Astalli , Italian cardinal
• 1667: Hans Ernst from the Winckel , German nobleman, member of the "Fruit Bringing Society"
• 1672: Petrus Zander , German Evangelical Lutheran clergyman
• 1705: Christine von Baden-Durlach , Margravine von Ansbach and Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
• 1712: Johann Wenzel Wratislaw von Mitrowitz , Bohemian Chancellor
• 1718: Count Cai Burchard von Ahlefeldt , lord of the noble estates of Bystorp, Gut Eschelsmark, Ornum and Stubbe
• 1730: Michail Michailowitsch Golitsyn , Russian field marshal, advisor to Peter I, commander in chief of the Russian fleet, governor of Finland
• 1737: Alessandro Galilei , Italian architect
• 1750: Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Archduchess of Austria, as the wife of Charles VI. Holy Roman Empress
• 1755: Manuel de Sumaya , Mexican composer
• 1765: Josef Stammel , Austrian sculptor
• 1777: Anton Cajetan Adlgasser , German composer
• 1780: Christiana Regina Hetzer , first landlady of the Gohliser Schlösschen in Leipzig
• 1781: Johan Henrik Scheffel , Swedish portrait and miniature painter

19th century

• 1801: Giacomo Maria Brignole , last doge of Genoa
• 1811: Johanne Friederike Lohmann , German writer
• 1811: Luise von Brandenburg-Schwedt , Princess and Duchess of Anhalt-Dessau
• 1812: Jean Baptiste Eblé , French general and Minister of War of the Kingdom of Westphalia
• 1816: André Amar , French revolutionary
• 1824: James Parkinson , British medic
• 1829: Augustin Sulpiz Zen Ruffinen , Bishop of Sion
• 1832: Johann Friedrich Pierer , German physician and lexicographer
• 1834: Erduin Julius Koch , German literary historian
• 1839: Andreas Dung-Lac , Vietnamese Catholic priest, martyr
• 1839: Hans Conrad Finsler , Swiss military and politician
• 1840: Johannes Herzog , Swiss politician and entrepreneur
• 1840: Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann , German professor of obstetrics, natural scientist and entomologist
• 1844: Sebald Brendel , German lawyer and university professor
• 1844: Oluf de Schouboe , Norwegian lawyer and politician, State Councilor, Minister
• 1845: Robert Henry Sale , British general
• 1855: Christian Friedrich von Boeckh , Baden civil servant and politician, minister
• 1860: Peter Friedhofen , German chimney sweep and founder of the order ( Barmherzige Brüder von Maria Hilf )
• 1863: Désiré Beaulieu , French composer
• 1864: William Henry Fry , American composer and music critic
• 1868: August Friedrich Moritz Anton , German educator
• 1868: Vicente Barrios , Paraguayan military and politician
• 1869: Wilhelm Wackernagel , German writer and Germanist
• 1871: Louise Aston , German suffragette and writer
• 1871: Tomás Bobadilla , Dominican politician and lawyer, first president of the Junta Central Gubernativa Definitiva, minister
• 1880: Amos T. Akerman , American politician, attorney general
• 1885: Eduard Hölzel , Austrian publisher
• 1889: Friedrich August von Quenstedt , German geologist, paleontologist, mineralogist and crystallographer
• 1899: Charles Lamoureux , French conductor

20th century

Kurt Tucholsky († 1935)

Frank Billings Kellog († 1937)

George S. Patton († 1945)

Carl van Vechten († 1964)

• 1907: Klara Hitler , mother of Adolf Hitler
• 1918: Walter Hines Page , American journalist, publisher, and diplomat
• 1919: Louis Diémer , French pianist and composer
• 1922: Emil Doepler , German painter
• 1924: Alfred Käser , Swiss evangelist
• 1925: Melli Beese , German pilot and aircraft designer
• 1929: Ernst Pündter , German actor, theater director, radio play speaker and director, broadcasting director of the Bremen branch of the Nordischen Rundfunk AG (NORAG)
• 1934: August Gärtner , German physician and microbiologist
• 1935: Kurt Tucholsky , German journalist and writer
• 1937: Frank Billings Kellogg , American politician, lawyer and diplomat, ambassador, foreign minister, Nobel laureate
• 1940: F. Scott Fitzgerald , American writer
• 1942: Franz Boas , German-American ethnologist
• 1942: Francis Bousquet , French composer
• 1943: Nicola Moscardelli , Italian writer, journalist and literary critic
• 1945: George S. Patton , American general
• 1946: Armandinho , Portuguese guitarist and composer
• 1948: Otto Adler , German trade union official
• 1950: Konrad Cardinal von Preysing , German theologian, Bishop of Eichstätt and Berlin
• 1952: Georg Vogelsang , Bavarian folk actor
• 1953: Raphael Armattoe , Ghanaian doctor, author and poet
• 1954: Reinhold Burger , German engineer, inventor of the thermos bottle
• 1957: Elisabeth Moses , German-American art historian and museum curator
• 1958: Lion Feuchtwanger , German writer
• 1958: HB Warner , American actor
• 1961: Hinrich Wilhelm Kopf , German politician, Prime Minister of Hanover and Lower Saxony, State Minister
• 1961: Kurt Landauer , German businessman and football official
• 1962: Gary Hocking , Rhodesian motorcycle racer
• 1964: Carl van Vechten , American photographer, writer
• 1965: Ignacio Asúnsolo , Mexican sculptor
• 1965: Claude Champagne , Canadian composer
• 1965: Friedrich Jähne , German engineer and entrepreneur
• 1966: Walter Fisch , German politician, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag
• 1967: William Palmer , British walker
• 1968: Hugo Rahner , German theologian
• 1968: Vittorio Pozzo , Italian football coach
• 1969: Ilse Steppat , German actress
• 1974: Richard Long , American actor
• 1975: Jean Bertin , French engineer and aeronautical scientist
• 1978: Johann Appler , German politician, MdR
• 1978: Josef Marx , American oboist and musicologist
• 1979: Michl Lang , German actor
• 1979: Ermindo Onega , Argentine soccer player
• 1980: Bob Iller , German actor, emcee, singer and screenwriter
• 1982: Georg Apfelbeck , German building contractor and table tennis functionary
• 1982: John Hargrave , British draftsman, author and politician
• 1983: Paul de Man , Belgian literary theorist
• 1987: Eugene Lukacs , American mathematician
• 1988: Gottfried Amann , German forest scientist
• 1988: Nikolaas Tinbergen , Dutch zoologist, Nobel Prize winner
• 1989: Ján Cikker , Slovak composer
• 1990: Sigurd Anderson , American politician, governor of South Dakota
• 1990: Anne-Marie Barat , French organist
• 1990: Iwan Lyudwigowitsch Knunjanz , Soviet chemist
• 1990: Susi Weigel , Austrian children's book illustrator
• 1992: Stella Adler , American stage and film actress
• 1992: Philip Farkas , American horn player, co-founder of the International Horn Society
• 1992: Walter Fitz , German pop singer, composer and Bavarian folk actor
• 1992: Albert King , American musician
• 1992: Nathan Milstein , American violinist
• 1994: Audrey Sale-Barker , British ski racer and pilot
• 1996: Christine Brückner , German writer
• 1996: Carmelo Cappello , Italian sculptor
• 1996: Josef Landlinger , Austrian farmer and politician, LAbg
• 1997: Joseph Ahrens , German composer and organist
• 1997: Johnny Coles , American jazz trumpeter
• 1997: Amie Comeaux , American country singer
• 1998: Ernst Günther Schenck , German doctor and SS officer

21st century

• 2001: Franz Heubl , German lawyer and politician, Member of the State Parliament, State Minister, President of the State Parliament
• 2002: Giò Pomodoro , Italian sculptor and architect
• 2003: Alfonso Prince zu Hohenlohe , German nobleman
• 2004: Lennart Bernadotte , Swedish nobleman
• 2004: Roland Ploeger , German composer
• 2005: Martin Herbst , German heart surgeon
• 2005: William C. Rodgers , American bookseller and eco-activist
• 2005: Walter Schock , German automobile racing driver
• 2006: Saparmyrat Nyýazow , Turkmen politician, member of the Politburo of the CPSU, President
• 2006: Philippa Pearce , British children's author
• 2007: Antonia Arnold , German writer
• 2007: Hans Imhoff , German chocolate manufacturer
• 2008: Dale Wasserman , American writer
• 2010: Enzo Bearzot , Italian football player and coach, world champion
• 2011: Gerd Deutschmann , German actor
• 2011: Jürgen Hentsch , German actor
• 2011: Werner Otto , German entrepreneur
• 2012: Peter Wapnewski , German Germanist
• 2013: Peter Geach , British philosopher and logician
• 2014: Udo Jürgens , Austrian composer, pianist and singer
• 2015: Milomir Jakovljević , Yugoslav soccer player
• 2017: Bruce McCandless , American astronaut
• 2018: Edda Göring , daughter of Hermann Göring
• 2019: Emanuel Ungaro , French fashion designer
• 2020: Hamish McLachlan , Australian rower

Holidays and memorial days

• Church memorial days
  • St. Thomas , apostle and patron saint (Protestant, Anglican, the Catholic day of remembrance was postponed to July 3, which has also been recommended as a Protestant day of remembrance since the pericope revision)
  • St. Petrus Canisius , Dutch writer, theologian and doctor of the church (Catholic (not in Germany))

• regional customs
  • Thomastag
  • Iran : Yalda night

The list of commemorative and action days contains further entries .

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Web links

Commons : December 21st  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ France: de Gaulle returns
2. ↑ Management of pericopes revision of EKD, UEK and VELKD: Regulations of texts and songs for worship services , December 6, 2017