Maud Gonne
Edith Maud Gonne MacBride ( Irish Maud Nic Ghoinn Bean Mhic Giolla Bhríde , born December 21, 1866 in Tongham Manor near Farnham , Surrey , England , † April 27, 1953 in Dublin ) was an English-born Irish revolutionary , feminist and actress .
life and work
Maud Gonne was the eldest daughter of Captain Thomas Gonne (1835–1886), whose ancestors came from Caithness , Scotland , and Edith Frith Gonne, b. Cook (1844-1871). Her mother died when Maud Gonne was a child, so she was sent to France to study. After her father was transferred to Dublin in 1882, she returned to Ireland and stayed with her father until his death. After an attack of tuberculosis , she moved to France again, where she fell in love with the journalist and right-wing politician Lucien Millevoye . Together they advocated the Irish struggle for freedom and the reunification of Lorraine and Alsace with France. Back in Ireland, she fought tirelessly for the release of Irish political prisoners .
In 1890, she met Millevoye again in France. Of the two children they had in 1893 and 1895, only the second survived, Iseult Lucille Germaine, who later married the Irish writer Francis Stuart . In the 1890s, Gonne traveled extensively in England, Scotland, and the United States to solicit supporters for Irish nationalism. Together with William Butler Yeats , she organized protests against the crown anniversary of Queen Victoria . Her relationship with Millevoy ended in 1899.
At Easter 1900 she founded Inghinidhe na hÉireann ("the daughters of Ireland"), a society of revolutionary women. In April 1902 she starred in the world premiere of Yeats' play Cathleen Ní Houlihan , which he had written for and about Maud Gonne. She convinced with her haunting acting skills.
In the same year Maud Gonne joined the Roman Catholic Church . She rejected the numerous marriage proposals from William Butler Yeats, as he appeared to her to be too little committed to nationalism. In addition, the Protestant Yeats was unwilling to convert to Catholicism, as was the common practice of many Protestant Irish nationalists at the time. The unfulfilled love for Maud Gonne is a frequent motif in the author's works.
In 1903, in Paris, she married John MacBride , a nationalist who was shot in the course of the Easter Rising in 1916 . However, the marriage soon failed - apparently due to domestic violence - and ended in divorce. Their son Seán was born a year later; in 1974 he received the Nobel Peace Prize , among other things for founding Amnesty International . Maud Gonne stayed in Paris until 1917. She was captured in Dublin in 1918 and imprisoned in England for six months.
During the Irish War of Independence , she worked for the White Cross taking care of victims of violence. She rejected the 1921 peace treaty and sided with the Republicans. In 1922 she retired in Dublin.
Some 15 years before her death in 1953, Maud Gonne MacBride published her autobiography, which the satirical title A Servant of the Queen ( A servant of the queen wearing).
She died at the age of 86 and was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin.
Works
- Maud Gonne's Irish Nationalist writings 1895-1946. Irish Academic Press, Dublin 2004, ISBN 0-7165-2761-8 .
- Too long a sacrifice the letters of Maud Gonne and John Quinn. Susquehanna University Press, Selingsgrove 1999, ISBN 1-57591-024-1 .
- The Autobiography of Maud Gonne: A Servant of the Queen . Modifications made by Anna MacBride White. University of Chicago Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-226-30251-5 .
literature
- Margery Brady: The love story of Yeats and Maud Gonne. Mercier Press, Dublin 1990, ISBN 0-85342-935-9 .
- Nancy Cardozo: Lucky eyes and a high heart, the life of Maud Gonne. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis 1978, ISBN 0-672-52080-X .
- Samuel Levenson: Maud Gonne. Reader's Digest Press, New York 1976, ISBN 0-88349-089-7 .
- Elsemarie Maletzke : Maud Gonne. A life for Ireland. Insel Verlag, Berlin 2016.
- Antoinette Quinn: Cathleen ni Houlihan Writes Back. Maud Gonne and the Irish Nationalist Theater. In: Anthony Bradley, Maryann Gialanella Valiulis (Eds.): Gender and Sexuality in Modern Ireland. University of Massachusetts Press, Boston (Mass.) 1997, ISBN 1-55849-130-9 , pp. 39-59.
- Margaret Ward: Maud Gonne, Ireland's Joan of Arc. Pandora, London 1990, ISBN 0-04-440583-9 .
Web links
- Maud Gonne. Irish patriot . Biography , Encyclopædia Britannica
- Portraits of Maud Gonne and WB Yeates by Sara Purser - The Hugh Lane Dublin City Gallery, Dublin.
- Maud Gonne and Inghinidhe na hÉireann - RTÉ Two News & Politics, video documentation with sound recordings by Maud Gonne, on YouTube
- Ireland's heroine who had sex in her baby's tomb. BBC Magazine , Aug 31, 2015
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Gonne, Maud |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Gonne MacBride, Edith Maud (full name); Nic Ghoinn Bean Mhic Giolla Bhríde, Maud (Irish) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Irish revolutionary, feminist and actress |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 21, 1866 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tongham Manor at Farnham , Surrey , England , United Kingdom |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 27, 1953 |
| Place of death | Dublin , Ireland |