Klara Hitler

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Klara Hitler

Klara Hitler (* August 12, 1860 as Klara Pölzl in Spital ; † December 21, 1907 in Linz ) was an Austrian housewife and the mother of Adolf Hitler .

Life

origin

Klara Pölzl came from small farmers in the Waldviertel on the Bohemian - Moravian border in Austria. She was born in 1860 as the daughter of Johann Baptist Pölzl and Johanna Hüttler.

She had two sisters: Theresa, who married the wealthy farmer Johann Schmidt, and Johanna, who was hunchbacked, remained unmarried and was considered contentious and difficult.

Relationship with Alois Hitler

Klara was the granddaughter of the farmer Johann Nepomuk Hüttler , whose brother Johann Georg Hiedler was the stepfather of Adolf Hitler's father Alois Hitler . In 1876 - years after the death of Hiedler and Alois Hitler's mother Anna Maria Schicklgruber - Hüttler arranged for Hiedler to be registered as Alois' biological father. Historians consider Hiedler and Hüttler to be the most likely candidates for the biological paternity of Alois Hitler.

Klara Pölzl was therefore officially the second-degree niece of Alois Hitler (if Hiedler was a father), or his first-degree niece (if Hüttler was a father). In this case, Adolf Hitler's mother would also have been his cousin.

Marriage to Alois Hitler

After attending compulsory school, Klara Pölzl became Alois Hitler's domestic servant at the age of 16. At the insistence of his second wife Franziska Matzelsberger, she was sent out of the house. In 1884 Hitler's wife fell ill with tuberculosis . The "uncle" asked Klara to look after his wife. When she died in 1884, Klara was pregnant. In 1885 she married Hitler, 23 years her senior, whose lover she had been. Due to the close family relationship, a church dispensation had to be granted for the marriage .

Grave of Klara and Alois Hitler in Leonding , disbanded in 2012

The marriage had six children, four sons and two daughters. Except for Adolf and Paula Hitler, all the children died early. The first two children probably succumbed to the consequences of diphtheria : Gustav, born in 1885, died at the end of 1887, and Ida died in early 1888 at the age of 15 months. Only Adolf , who was born as Klara's third child on April 20, 1889 at 6:30 a.m. in the Gasthof zum Pommer in Braunau am Inn , survived childhood. Otto was born on June 17, 1892 and died of hydrocephalus on June 23 at the age of seven days . Edmund was born in March 1894 and died of measles on June 29, 1900 at the age of six . The last child Paula was born in 1896, she died in June 1960.

Psychoanalysts such as Arno Gruen assume that Adolf Hitler's relationship with his father Alois was shaped by violence. His mother, however, “adored” him. Since his two older siblings died shortly before he was born, the mother always feared that she would lose her third child. This tension had a formative influence on Hitler's personality development: the mother was not able to protect the son from the chastisement of the father, but, in order to compensate, adored him and thereby used him in a power game against the father. The child experienced the mother as weak and despicable, just as his father perceived her. At the same time, the son wanted to protect the mother against the father. This situation plunged the child into internal conflicts that he could only avoid by alienation from himself and his needs. Because of this alienation, only a weak identity has developed. The inner emptiness had been covered over by violent fantasies and fake poses.

Klara Hitler is described by the early Hitler biographer Fritz H. Chelius as "a simple, hard-working housewife", "whose whole concern was the development and well-being of the children". The marriage of Alois Hitler with Klara is described as very happy by various acquaintances who frequented the family in Braunau am Inn, Passau , Hafeld , Lambach and Leonding . Robert GL Waite pointed out that Alois Hitler beat up his wife and children very often.

Sickness and death

After her husband's death in 1903, Klara Hitler sold the house in Leonding and moved into an apartment in Linz with her two surviving children . She outlived her husband by a few years. On January 14, 1907, she consulted her Jewish family doctor Eduard Bloch about chest pain. Bloch found breast cancer as the cause of the pain and advised Klara Hitler to have a mastectomy . On January 18, 1907, her diseased breast was removed in a one-hour operation in the Linz hospital, Die Barmherzigen Sisters . After the operation, she stayed in the hospital for 20 days.

From November 1907 onwards, Bloch visited and treated her daily at home. In the last seven weeks before her death, he provided the ulcerating wound with iodoform - gauze . This treatment method, which was common at the time, but was very painful, attempted to burn the focus of the disease. For the pain she was given morphine .

On December 21, 1907 at two o'clock in the morning, Klara Hitler died of cancer in Linz at the age of 47. Eduard Bloch later recalled that after her death he had "never seen a young person so broken and sadly filled with pain" as Adolf Hitler.

On March 28, 2012, the couple's grave in Leonding was dismantled - with the consent of a relative as the beneficiary - as it had become a pilgrimage site for right-wing extremist circles.

literature

  • Marc Vermeeren: De jeugd van Adolf Hitler 1889–1907 en zijn familie en voorouders. Uitgeverij aspect, Soesterberg 2007, ISBN 978-90-5911-606-1 .
  • Fritz Heinz Chelius: From Adolf Hitler's youth and youth. Schaufuss, Leipzig 1933.
  • August Kubizek : Adolf Hitler, my childhood friend. Leopold Stocker Verlag , Graz / Stuttgart 1953.
  • Christa Mulack: Klara Hitler - Motherhood in Patriarchy. Göttertverlag, 2005, ISBN 3-922-49980-5 .
  • Fritz Redlich: Hitler - Diagnosis of the Destructive Prophet. Werner Eichbauer Verlag, Vienna 1998, ISBN 0-19-505782-1 .
  • Robert GL Waite: The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler. Basic Books, 1977, ISBN 0-465-06743-3 .
  • Wolfgang Zdral : Die Hitlers (The unknown family of the Führer). Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 978-3-593-37457-4 , or paperback edition: Lübbe Verlag, Bergisch Gladbach 2008, ISBN 978-3-404-61631-2 .

Movie

  • Oliver Halmburger, Thomas Staehler: Family Hitler - In the shadow of the dictator. Documentary. With the collaboration of Timothy Ryback et al. Florian Beierl. Oliver Halmburger Loopfilm GmbH, Munich a. ZDF-History, Mainz 2005

Web links

Commons : Klara Hitler  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The mistake in Adolf Hitler's biography in Oberösterreichische Nachrichten (nachrichten.at) on May 30, 2016, with original documents from the birth register and the death notification from the Neue Warte am Inn from July 2, 1892.
  2. ↑ Hitler had a younger brother in kurier.at on May 31, 2016.
  3. ^ Gerhard Vinnai: War trauma and fascism - On the genesis of Hitler's annihilation anti-Semitism . In: Psychosozial 29, 2006, Issue 105, pp. 125-134 ( PDF ; 101 kB).
  4. ↑ Arno Gruen: The stranger in us. dtv, Munich 2002, p. 65 ff .; see. Gerhard Vinnai: Hitler. Failure and annoyance. On the genesis of the fascist perpetrator. Psychosozial-Verlag, Giessen 2004, ISBN 3-89806-341-0 .
  5. ↑ Chelius, p. 10.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Zdral : The Hitlers: the unknown family of the Führer. Campus, 2005, ISBN 3-593-37457-9 , p. 42. Restricted preview in Google Book Search
  7. ↑ Rudolph Binion : ... that you found me: Hitler and the Germans, a psychohistory. Klett-Cotta, 1978, ISBN 3-129-10860-2 , p. 32.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Zdral: The Hitlers: the unknown family of the Führer. Campus, 2005, ISBN 3-593-37457-9 , p. 45. Restricted preview in Google Book Search
  9. ↑ Joachim Fest writes that Hitler did not return from Vienna until after the death of his mother: "Even when his mother's condition deteriorated rapidly, he did not dare to go back." ( Hitler. Der Aufstieg. First book: An aimless life. II. Chapter: The Failed Dream. 1973). Werner Maser, on the other hand, claims that Hitler returned to Urfahr in November 1907 : “He runs the household, supervises his sister Paula's schoolwork, washes, scrubs, cooks food for his mother, his sister and himself, and does one of the jobs Family head. "( Adolf Hitler. Legend Mythos Reality. Chapter 2 Childhood and Adolescence. 1971, 16th ed. 1997.)
  10. ^ Report by Dr. Eduard Bloch dated November 7, 1938, Federal Archives Koblenz (BAK) NS / 26 / 17a.
  11. ↑ Grave of Hitler's parents abandoned. At orf.at, accessed on September 27, 2019.
  12. ↑ Christoph Cadenbach: In Leonding, Austria, there is a dispute over the grave of Adolf Hitler's parents. June 24, 2013, accessed September 27, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Hitler, Klara
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mother of Adolf Hitler
DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1860
PLACE OF BIRTH Hospital , Austria
DATE OF DEATH December 21, 1907
Place of death Linz , Austria