Braunau am Inn

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Borough
Braunau am Inn
coat of arms Austria map
Coat of arms of Braunau am Inn
Braunau am Inn (Austria)
Braunau am Inn
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Upper Austria
Political District : Braunau am Inn
License plate : BR
Area: 24.84 km²
Coordinates : 48 ° 15 '  N , 13 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 15 '27 "  N , 13 ° 2' 2"  E
Height : 352  m above sea level A.
Residents : 17,518 (January 1, 2020)
Population density : 705 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 5280, 5282, 5283
Area code : 07722
Community code : 4 04 04
NUTS region AT311
UN / LOCODE AT BRA
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Stadtplatz 38
5280 Braunau am Inn
Website: www.braunau.at
politics
Mayor : Johannes Waidbacher ( ÖVP )
Municipal Council : (Election year: 2015)
(37 members)
15th
9
9
4th
15th 9 9 4th 
A total of 37 seats
Location of Braunau am Inn in the Braunau am Inn district
Altheim Aspach Auerbach Braunau am Inn Burgkirchen Eggelsberg Feldkirchen bei Mattighofen Franking Geretsberg Gilgenberg am Weilhart Haigermoos Handenberg Helpfau-Uttendorf Hochburg-Ach Höhnhart Jeging Kirchberg bei Mattighofen Lengau Lochen am See Maria Schmolln Mattighofen Mauerkirchen Mining Moosbach Moosdorf Munderfing Neukirchen an der Enknach Ostermiething Palting Perwang am Grabensee Pfaffstätt Pischelsdorf am Engelbach Polling im Innkreis Roßbach St. Georgen am Fillmannsbach St. Johann am Walde St. Pantaleon (Oberösterreich) St. Peter am Hart St. Radegund St. Veit im Innkreis Schalchen Schwand im Innkreis Tarsdorf Treubach Überackern Weng im Innkreis OberösterreichLocation of the community of Braunau am Inn in the Braunau am Inn district (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
Town hall on the town square
Town hall on the town square
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Braunau am Inn is the oldest and with 17,518 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) most populous municipality in the Innviertel in Upper Austria . The border town on the Inn forms a cross-border center with the German municipality of Simbach am Inn in Bavaria . Braunau is the seat of the district administration for the Braunau am Inn district . Braunau is known worldwide as the birthplace of Adolf Hitler .

geography

Geographical location

Braunau am Inn is located in the Innviertel at 352 m above sea level, about 15 km east of the confluence of the Inn and Salzach rivers .

The geographic extent is 7.8 km from north to south and 9.1 km from west to east. The urban area covers an area of ​​24.7 km², of which 16.2% is forested and 53.0% is used for agriculture.

Braunau am Inn is located about 60 km north of Salzburg and about halfway around 110–120 km east of Munich and west of Linz .

City structure

The urban area comprises the following 22 districts (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

  • Aching (22)
  • Au (11)
  • Blankenbach (109)
  • Braunau am Inn (4257)
  • Braunau Neustadt (2052)
  • Gasteig (28)
  • Haiden (72)
  • Haselbach (2887)
  • Sky roof (179)
  • Höft (12)
  • Laab (3246)
  • Laugh (104)
  • Lindach (17)
  • Maierhof (112)
  • New Home (1025)
  • Oberrothenbuch (28)
  • Easter Mountain (508)
  • Ranshofen (2302)
  • Roith (23)
  • Shy stroke (408)
  • Valley (85)
  • Unterrothenbuch (31)

The community consists of the cadastral communities Braunau am Inn, Osternberg and Ranshofen. The responsible judicial district is the judicial district Braunau am Inn .

Neighboring communities

Neighboring municipalities:
Kirchdorf am Inn (Germany) Simbach am Inn (Germany) St. Peter am Hart
Over-piling Neighboring communities Burgkirchen
Schwand in the Innkreis Neukirchen an der Enknach

story

Between the 8th and 20th centuries

Execution of Palms 1806
US Army pontoon bridge from Braunau to Simbach over the Inn on May 5, 1945
City center, seen from the Inn Bridge

In 788 Rantersdorf (Ranshofen) was mentioned for the first time and in 1120 Braunau was mentioned for the first time under the name Prounaw . For centuries Braunau, like the whole of the Innviertel, belonged to Bavaria . In 1260 Braunau received city rights. In the great city fire in 1380, the wooden city of the founding time, including the Inn Bridge, was completely destroyed. The parish church of Sankt Stephan was built in the middle of the 15th century , and in 1492 the foundation stone was laid for the 87 meter high tower of St. Stephen's Church. In 1504 the city was shelled and briefly occupied by the Palatinate.

During the Bavarian peasant and popular uprising in 1705/1706 ( Sendlinger Murder Christmas ) Braunau was briefly besieged by Austrian troops of the Imperial Army under the command of the Habsburg Emperor Joseph I. The troops had to surrender to the rebels on December 16, 1705. Braunau and Burghausen thus became the military and political centers of the uprising movement. The first democratic entity, the Landesdefensionkongress ( Braunau Parliament ) met in the city . In the course of the Austrian War of Succession , Braunau was again besieged by the Imperial Army in 1743. In 1779 theTreaty of Teschen which the electorate of Bavaria belonging Innviertel finally the Habsburgs awarded.

The Nuremberg bookseller Johann Philipp Palm was executed in Braunau in 1806 on the orders of Napoleon for high treason . Between 1810 and 1816 the Innviertel was briefly part of the Kingdom of Bavaria again . On March 28, 1874, a fire that broke out in a brewery on the town square destroyed more than 70 houses.

In 1914, the Imperial and Royal Galician Feldjäger Battalion No. 4 garrisoned in Braunau . At the beginning of the war, a prison camp was set up along the Mattig. Up to 15,000 prisoners of war were housed in 120 barracks. The kuk Marine Academy was relocated from Pula to the Salzburgertor barracks (today Bucheder) a year later . In the district of Laab, the Braunau refugee camp was built to accommodate refugees from Trentino (then: Welschtirol).

After Austria was annexed to the National Socialist German Reich in March 1938 , the previously independent municipality of Ranshofen was incorporated into the municipality of Braunau am Inn on October 15, 1938. On May 2, 1945 troops of the US 13th Panzer Division marched over a pontoon bridge to Braunau and occupied the city area.

After the end of the Second World War , Braunau belonged to the US zone of occupation in occupied post-war Austria . The US military administration set up a DP camp .

Braunau as Hitler's birthplace

Memorial stone in front of the house where Adolf Hitler was born

The dictator Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau on April 20, 1889. The family moved to Passau three years later . At the end of the war in 1945, American soldiers occupied the birthplace and prevented fanatical Nazi supporters from blowing up the house. Public preoccupation with Braunau's Nazi past only began hesitantly at the end of the 1980s, when in April 1989 - two weeks before Hitler's 100th birthday - at the instigation of Mayor Gerhard Skibas, a memorial stone against war and fascism was erected on public property in front of his birthplace has been. The stone comes from the quarry of the former Mauthausen concentration camp. Since this initiative, several projects have been launched that deal with the Nazi past and serve as a reminder and remembrance. In 1992, Andreas Maislinger and Erich Marschall celebrated the Braunauer Zeitgeschichte-Tage , organized from 1993 by the Verein für Zeitgeschichte , an initiative that dealt with topics of contemporary history and increasingly regional history. In 2006 the hospital park was renamed in the name of the conscientious objector Franz Jägerstätter , who was executed by the National Socialists , and the German artist Gunter Demniglaid  several such memorial stones in Braunau am Inn - as part of his Europe-wide memorial project Stolpersteine - for Nazi victims who had previously lived in the village (see list of stumbling stones in the Braunau am Inn district ).

In the 21st century

In 2007, the township awarded jointly with the Association of Contemporary History for the first time the Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer Price , who after coming from Ranshofen near Braunau am Inn diplomats, constitutional lawyer and emigrants and adviser to the US government during the Second World War, Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer , named has been. Since then, the award has been given to Austrians abroad who are particularly committed or have committed themselves to their home country Austria.

On July 7, 2011, the Braunau municipal council posthumously revoked Hitler's honorary citizenship and homeland rights, which had been granted in the 1930s by the then still independent municipality of Ranshofen .

In the early 1950s, the house where Adolf Hitler was born was returned by the Republic of Austria to the former owners, from whom the house had been bought during the annexation of Austria , as part of a provision settlement . In 2012 a Russian Duma deputy wanted to buy the house and have it demolished. After unsuccessful negotiations, the Ministry of the Interior considered expropriating the owner in 2016 in order to gain control over the use of the building. In an interview in October 2016, the Austrian Interior Minister Wolfgang Sobotka saidthat the house should then be demolished and a new building built. Sobotka was referring to an alleged recommendation by a historian's commission. The mayor of Braunau, Hannes Waidbacher, who is on this commission, said that the commission's recommendation contained “nothing about demolition”, but only recommends a “profound architectural remodeling” which would “permanently enhance the recognition value and symbolic power of the building prevent ". The head of the Upper Austrian Provincial Archives , Cornelia Sulzbacher, was also surprised by the minister's statements and also said that there was only a recommendation to change the appearance so that the house could no longer be used as a symbol.

population

Population development

Demographics

The proportion of foreigners is 19.7% (according to Statistics Austria). 24.6% of the population were not born in Austria . (Data from Statistics Austria 2015).

climate

The Braunau climate forms a transitional climate with oceanic influences from the west and continental influences from the east. This is noticeable in a year-on-year comparison through mostly strongly fluctuating measurement results. Overall, Braunau has mostly only recorded lower amounts of precipitation and longer dry periods. The winters are rather mild. The mean air temperature averages 8.2 degrees Celsius over a 30-year period.

Braunau
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
54
 
1
-4
 
 
50
 
4th
-3
 
 
63
 
9
0
 
 
60
 
14th
3
 
 
100
 
19th
8th
 
 
117
 
22nd
11
 
 
115
 
24
13
 
 
113
 
24
12
 
 
75
 
19th
9
 
 
59
 
13
5
 
 
64
 
6th
0
 
 
63
 
3
-3
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source:
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Braunau
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.4 4.1 9.2 13.7 19.3 21.8 23.8 23.5 19.3 13.4 6.1 3.0 O 13.3
Min. Temperature (° C) −4.4 −3.2 −0.3 3.0 7.6 10.6 12.5 12.3 9.0 4.7 0.0 −2.6 O 4.1
Temperature (° C) −1.8 0.0 3.9 8.0 13.3 16.1 17.9 17.4 13.3 8.3 2.6 −0.1 O 8.3
Precipitation ( mm ) 54.4 49.8 63.4 60.2 100.4 116.6 114.5 113.4 75.0 59.0 64.2 63.1 Σ 934
Rainy days ( d ) 10.2 9.4 10.6 10.3 11.8 13.2 12.5 11.5 9.6 8.2 10.9 10.7 Σ 128.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
1.4
−4.4
4.1
−3.2
9.2
−0.3
13.7
3.0
19.3
7.6
21.8
10.6
23.8
12.5
23.5
12.3
19.3
9.0
13.4
4.7
6.1
0.0
3.0
−2.6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		54,4
49,8
63,4
60,2
100,4
116,6
114,5
113,4
75,0
59,0
64,2
63,1
  Jan Feb Mär Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez
Source:

Culture and sights

City gate tower
Interior of the parish church of St. Stephan

Braunau am Inn is a member of the Association of Small Historical Cities and, together with Mattighofen and Burghausen ( Bavaria ), was the venue for the Upper Austrian-Bavarian State Exhibition “Allied, Enemy, Related by Relations” from April 27 to November 4, 2012 .

Parks and green spaces

societies

Due to its long history, the city of Braunau am Inn has a considerable number of associations or branches of associations. In 2011 there were 233 clubs in Braunau.

Trivia

The gun turret B of the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen , which was chosen in the German navy to continue and maintain the tradition of the former Austro-Hungarian navy , was named after the town of Braunau am Inn. The other towers were dedicated to Graz, Innsbruck and Vienna.

Flamingos have been spending the winter months at a power plant reservoir in Braunau since 2000.

Infrastructure

Road traffic

Braunau can be reached via several federal highways:

from the Austrian side

from the Bavarian side

train

Braunau can be reached in three directions by rail .

The Braunau railway bridge in Munich is a railway bridge over the Isar named after the place .

Long-distance bus

From Flixbus direct flights to Vienna and Munich offered.

Citybus

Urban public transport is served by four bus routes (CityBus) :

  • Line 1: train station - CityCenter
  • Line 2: Neustadt - Innpark
  • Line 3: Ranshofen
  • Line 4: Laab

Airport

The nearest commercial airport is Salzburg Airport, about 62 km away . Munich and Linz airports can each be reached in an hour by car or train.

Hiking trails

An Austrian long-distance hiking trail runs through Braunau with the Inn-Salzach bank variant 10A of the Rupertiweg .

Overview economy

In the economy, industry and trade dominate , where around 58% of employees work.

In 2001 a cross-border townscape fair took place in the town of Braunau am Inn and in the neighboring Bavarian town of Simbach am Inn . In addition to Austrian municipalities, those from the federal state of Salzburg and Bavaria also took part.

With the CityCenter and the Innpark Braunau, there are two retail parks in Braunau , each with an area of ​​approx. 10,000 m². There are also branches of several discount stores , supermarkets, furniture stores and hardware stores as well as a number of fashion and sports shops in the city center.

Established businesses

Public facilities

The St. Josef Hospital of the Franciscan Sisters of Vöcklabruck is located in Braunau . The hospital has 15 departments and institutes, including the mental health clinic, 393 systemized beds and 1,214 employees. In 2010 the number of inpatients was 26,667. A school for health and nursing, the TAU-Kolleg, is attached to the hospital.

education

Braunau am Inn has several elementary schools and new middle schools, as well as high schools and a vocational school.

politics

Municipal council election 2015
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
22.41%
(−18.78  % p )
23.79%
(+ 4.53  % p )
10.30%
(−6.70  % p )
39.38%
(+ 22.87  % p )
1.37%
( n / a  % p )
2.75%
(−3.29  % p )
Otherwise.
2009

2015


Mayor is Johannes Waidbacher (ÖVP), who won the runoff election on February 13, 2011 against his challenger Günter Pointer (SPÖ). Waidbacher replaced Gerhard Skiba (SPÖ), who resigned on September 24, 2010 for health reasons. The SPÖ had provided the mayor since 1955.

Since the municipal council elections in 2015 , the SPÖ 9, the FPÖ 9, the Greens 4 and the ÖVP have 15 seats in the municipal council.

mayor

Coat of arms and city seal

The city coat of arms provides information on the founder of the city and the time when the city was founded. This fact has moved the municipality of Braunau to continue to use the old, original coat of arms of the city.

The lion in the upper left part of the coat of arms stands as a symbol for the Palatinate (Rheinpfalz), which came to the House of Wittelsbach in 1214. The tangled two tails of the lion indicate the connection between Bavaria and the Palatinate (Duke of Baiern and Count Palatine by the Rhine). The white and blue diamonds are the coat of arms of the Counts of Bogen. After this family died out, the county fell to Duke Otto II the Illustrious . Since the Otto II seal does not yet have the diamond symbol, it can be assumed with a certain degree of certainty that the city of Braunau was founded by the son Otto II, Duke Heinrich XIII. from Lower Bavaria , was founded. The time of the city's foundation is set after 1259.

The oldest surviving impression of the seal of the city of Braunau dates from 1331.

Town twinning

people

Honorary citizen of the city

  • Eduard Kriechbaum († 1958), Braunau homeland researcher and family doctor, honorary citizen of the city of Braunau

Honorary citizenship revoked

  • Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), honorary citizenship revoked on July 7, 2011

Born in Braunau

With reference to the city

literature

  • Joseph Kyselak (* 1798 Vienna ; † 1831 ibid) describes Braunau in the sketches published in 1829 of a foot trip through Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Berchtesgaden, Tyrol and Bavaria to Vienna - along with a romantic, picturesque depiction of several knight's castles and their folk tales, mountain areas and ice glaciers this hike, undertaken in 1825 by Joseph Kyselak. Volume 2, pp. 201f.
  • Konrad Meindl : History of the city of Braunau am Inn. Braunau 1882.
  • Karl Nöbauer and Eleonora Wochermaier (text); Roland König and Walter Riemer (photos): 700 years of the city of Braunau am Inn. Presented by Ferdinand Aufschläger KG Tiefbohrunternehmen Spezial-Tiefbau BENOTO Braunau am Inn Hans-Steininger-Gasse 11, foreword by Mayor Josef Fridl , publisher and publisher, municipality of Braunau am Inn, 40 pages (1960).
  • Sebastian Hiereth : History of the city of Braunau am Inn. 1st chapter. Published by the municipality of Braunau am Inn in 1960.
  • Sebastian Hiereth: History of the city of Braunau am Inn. Part 2. Published by the municipality of Braunau am Inn in 1973.
  • Reiner Reinisch: Braunau am Inn. ( Deutsche Lande - German Art ). Munich / Berlin 1974.
  • Hans von Hammerstein-Equord : In the beginning there was murder. Experiences as district captain of Braunau am Inn and as security director of Upper Austria in 1933 and 1934. Publishing house for history and politics, Vienna 1981.
  • Max Eitzlmayr: Braunauer Album. Braunau am Inn 1985.
  • Max Eitzlmayr: Braunau - the historic trading town. 2nd Edition. Braunau am Inn 1997 (short guide through the city).
  • Rudolf W. Schmidt: Braunau. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2002, ISBN 3-7001-3043-0 .
  • Florian Schwanninger : In the home district of the Führer. National Socialism, Resistance and Persecution in the Braunau District 1938 to 1945. Edition Geschichte der Heimat. Book publisher Franz Stein Maßl, Grünbach 2005.
  • Henning Burk : Hitler, Braunau and me. How my great-grandmother could have prevented the war. Westend Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2017.

Web links

Commons : Braunau am Inn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Brauna in the Topographia Bavariae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Province of Upper Austria - Geographical data of the municipality of Braunau .
  2. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
  3. ^ Article in the Upper Austrian News about the end of the war in 1945
  4. ↑ Hitler was born with the help of midwife Franziska Pointecker on Holy Saturday 1889 in Haus Vorstadt 219 and was baptized on Easter Monday in St. Stephan by Vicar Ignaz Probst in the name of Adolfus . Godparents were his aunt Johanna Pölzl and the house owners Johann and Johanna Prinz from Vienna ( 3rd district , Löwengasse 28). In: Oberösterreichisches Landesarchiv (OÖLA), baptismal register Braunau am Inn, duplicates 1889, call number 106/1889, 1889–1889 (original on p. 152). See: data.matricula.info , image number PfmF072 - 00718, accessed on April 25, 2017.
  5. ↑ Hans Fink, Dr .: The end of the war in 1945 on the Inn. In: Heimat am Inn. Edited by Rudolf Vierlinger, Simbach am Inn 1972, p. 10.
  6. ↑ Lukas Grasberger: Not to be dead silent. ( Memento from December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (intern.auslandsdienst.info). Article from: Frankfurter Rundschau from February 10, 2001; Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  7. ↑ Marion Kraske: Braunau past. Live with Hitler . On: one day of October 4, 2008; Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  8. ↑ "Lighthouse against Resignation from Fate". (No longer available online.) In: www.katholisch.at. August 9, 2006, archived from the original on November 17, 2012 ; accessed on March 9, 2014 .
  9. ↑ Trapp family honored with a new award. For services to Austria's reputation. On: ORF website from September 29, 2007; Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  10. ↑ a b Braunau deprives Hitler of honorary citizenship. In: Spiegel online . July 8, 2011, accessed March 9, 2014 .
  11. ^ A b Eckhard Fuhr: Adolf Hitler has one honorary citizenship less. In: Welt online . July 8, 2011, accessed March 9, 2014 .
  12. ↑ Russian wants to tear down Hitler's birthplace . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . November 8, 2012.
  13. ↑ Interior Minister: Hitler's birthplace will be demolished , www.salzburg.com, October 17, 2016, accessed on October 17, 2016.
  14. ↑ Sobotka: "House must not be recognizable". In: ooe.orf.at. October 18, 2016, accessed October 26, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Hitler's birthplace: Minister of the Interior causes confusion , article in Der Standard of October 18, 2016, accessed on November 22, 2016.
  16. ↑ Population by nationality. (PDF) Retrieved February 24, 2018 .
  17. ↑ zamg.ac.at
  18. ^ City of Braunau am Inn (online status: April 7, 2011)
  19. ↑ Exhibitor local picture fair in Braunau am Inn ( Memento from December 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ↑ NUMBERS, DATES, FACTS. St. Josef Braunau Hospital, archived from the original on October 29, 2013 ; accessed on March 9, 2014 .
  21. ^ Waidbacher new mayor of Braunau. In: nachrichten.at . February 13, 2011, accessed March 9, 2014 .
  22. ^ Resignation of the mayor of Braunau. ORF Upper Austria, September 24, 2010, accessed on March 9, 2014 .
  23. ^ Runoff election: ÖVP mayor in Braunau. ORF Upper Austria, February 13, 2011, accessed on March 9, 2014 .
  24. ↑ Eitzlmayr, Max: Braunau - the historic trading town. 2nd Edition. Braunau 1997.
  25. ↑ Braunau - City Council recognized Hitler's honorary citizenship . In: The Standard . July 8, 2011. Hitler's Legacy - How Adolf Hitler's native city deals with its precarious legacy. In: Profile. July 7, 2011.
  26. ^ Wilhelm Schückel, in: Web presence of Regiowiki.at
  27. ↑ Heinz Denk, in: Regiowiki.at website
  28. ↑ Leo Maier, in: Regiowiki.at website
  29. ↑ Hanna Kirmann. In: website of Regiowiki.at
  30. ^ Franz Martin: Braunauer houses chronicle. Writings on Braunauer Heimatkunde, booklet 1. "Das Bergland-Buch", Salzburg 1943, p. 30.
  31. ^ Konrad Meindl: The city school in Braunau. II. Part. Josef Stampfl, Braunau 1882, p. 172 (chapter “The City School of Braunau.” Pp. 170–175, digitized on digi.landesbibliothek.at).
  32. ^ Anton Filzmoser, in: Regiowiki.at website
  33. ↑ Erich Slatner. In: website of Regiowiki.at
  34. ↑ Ingrid Olden. In: website of Regiowiki.at
  35. ↑ Ingomar angel. In: website of Regiowiki.at
  36. ↑ Peter Makowetz ,. In: website of Regiowiki.at
  37. ↑ Bernhard Schneider. In: website of Regiowiki.at
  38. ↑ Zoran Šijaković ,. In: website of Regiowiki.at
  39. ↑ ooe.gruene.at