Ranshofen Abbey
The Ranshofen Abbey is a former monastery of the Augustinian Canons (CanReg) in Ranshofen, a district of Braunau am Inn in Austria . The former collegiate church is today's parish church Braunau-Ranshofen .
history
Ranshofen was first mentioned in a document in 788 as the ducal court "Rantesdorf" of the Agilolfinger . At that time, the Agilolfingen Duke Tassilo III still ruled Bavaria . , whereby the ducal court was taken over by the Carolingians as an imperial property with the deposition of Tassilos . Under Charlemagne , Ranshofen was raised to the rank of imperial palace . The kings Ludwig the German and his son Karlmann stayed several times at this royal court ( curtis regia ) and this palace ( palatium ). The last Carolingian emperor Arnulf of Carinthia had a palatine chapel consecrated to St. Pankraz built here between 896 and 898 . This was given to the priest Ellimbrecht as a fief and then as a free property . From 900 a seat of an association of world priests is mentioned here for the first time. In 1120 Ranshofen is a ducal seat of the Guelphs .
Ranshofen Monastery
Before 1040, Emperor Heinrich II established the Ranshofen parish, had his own parish church built, and Emperor Konrad II confirmed this parish in 1040. At the old palatine chapel to the holy Pankraz a secular priest community was formed, from which 1125 under the Bavarian duke Heinrich IX. an Augustinian canons' foundation emerged. The royal palatinate became a monastery and was settled by the Salzburg Archbishop Konrad with canons and presumably inaugurated in 1135. The right of free choice of provosts is given to the monastery in the great letter of protection from Pope Eugene III. assured by 1147. Already at this time a number of branch churches were subordinate to the monastery (Braunau am Inn, Geretsberg, Gilgenberg, Handenberg, Hochburg, Neukirchen an der Enknach, parish church of St. Michael in Ranshofen); The Ranshofen parish church of St. Michael has also been attested since 1147. Ranshofen was able to free itself from the supervisory rights of the Mattsee archdeaconate , which was subordinate to the Bishop of Passau, around 1200 ( exemption of the churches united in the monastery association). In 1212, Bishop Manegold of Passau also renounced jurisdiction over the monastery subjects. In 1345 the monastery was given lower jurisdiction by Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian .
In the course of history the monastery has been repeatedly plagued or devastated by armed events. In 1233 the Babenberg Duke Friedrich the Arguable plundered the branch church belonging to the monastery in Neukirchen an der Enknach while fighting with Duke Otto II of Bavaria . In 1242, followers of the Bishop of Passau who had come from Obernberg Castle attacked the monastery and burned the two churches there along with the Palatinate. In 1266 Ranshofen was burned down again during fighting between King Ottokar of Bohemia and Duke Heinrich of Lower Bavaria . Under Provost Konrad I (1276–1311) the new building of the collegiate church was completed in 1283 and inaugurated by the Bishop of Regensburg Heinrich II von Rotteneck . During the Landshut War of Succession (1504/05) the church and monastery were again badly damaged. Under provost Kaspar Türndl (1504–1529), the new Gothic building of the collegiate church began in 1508, and a new monastery wing and a large farmyard were built. In the 16th century the Reformation also began to spread in Ranshofen . Under the provost Adam Gensleuthner (1560–1587), the Counter-Reformation was implemented very quickly .
After 1620, despite the threat from the Thirty Years' War, a glamorous time began for Ranshofen . The monastery complex was rebuilt under provost Philipp Vetterl (1620–1634) in a baroque style, and the church tower , which collapsed in 1621, was rebuilt. This tower was a lot higher than the current one and closed off by a semi-dome with a lantern. The current tower was built in a reduced form after the fire of 1859. The collegiate church received a new high altar, the massive banded side portal and a new organ. The provost received the pontificals from Pope Urban VIII . Around this time, several brotherhoods were established in the monastery , such as the Corporis-Christi-Brotherhood, the Gut-Tod-Brotherhood and the Rosary Brotherhood . The Marienkapelle was redesigned for this and equipped with a new altar in 1632. In 1634, the Bavarian elector Maximilian I and his family found refuge from the Swedish troops. His wife Elisabeth Renata von Lorraine died here in early 1635 . Provost Benno Meier (1665–1687) had a theological college built in Neukirchen Castle .
On the occasion of the 800th anniversary of the old Palatine Chapel, under Provost Ivo Kurzbauer (1687–1715) the church and monastery were renewed again in 1698. The baroque high altar is the work of Sebastian Hagenauer . The altarpiece is by Johann Kaspar Sing and shows the decapitation of the church saint, the extract from the altar shows the Holy Trinity . In 1770 the prelate wing was decorated with rococo stucco by Johann Baptist Modler . In 1805 a pompous cantata took place on the occasion of the Secondiz of Provost Kierl.
Just a few years after the Innviertel was incorporated into Austria in 1779, the then Ranshofen parish church of St. Michael was closed. This parish church was in front of the monastery, was baroque in 1712, but profaned in 1785 and demolished in 1799. The stones were used to repair the huge Braunau fortress .
During the French Wars, the monastery began to decline economically. In 1811 the monastery was dissolved by the Bavarian government.
Ranshofen Castle
After the Treaty of Teschen , Ranshofen became part of Austria in 1779. During the French wars there were several looting and the pen was used as a hospital once by this side and then again by the other side. The last provost elected in 1784, Johann Nepomuk Kierl, was considered weak and wasteful, so that the monastery community also fell apart internally. After his death in 1809 there was no new election of a provost. In 1810 the Innviertel came back to Bavaria and just one year later the Ranshofen monastery was closed on October 28, 1811 by order of the minister Montgelas and the monastery building was profaned into the castle . The monastery church became a parish church, the canons became secular priests and looked after the earlier affiliated parishes. The archive material, which was regarded as valuable, was transferred to the main state archive in Munich and the greater part of the library to the current Bavarian State Library .
In 1816 the Innviertel finally came to Austria. In 1812 Count Frohberg Montjoie acquired the property. In 1839 the palace came to the Munich court councilor Ludwig Bernhart. After further changes of ownership, Ferdinand Wertheimer acquired the castle in 1851 , whose family owned the large complex with the extensive land until 1938. In 1939 Ranshofen was acquired by the aluminum works in Töging . In 1945 the castle came to the municipality of Braunau, which set up a prisoner and refugee camp here.
Ranshofen Castle today
The 16th Braunau Contemporary History Days in 2007 dealt with Friedrich Wertheimer's grandson, the Austrian-US-American diplomat and journalist Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer . On May 3, 2008, the Egon Ranshofen-Wertheimer Prize was awarded for the second time.
From April 27 to November 4, 2012, the Ranshofen Abbey was one of the sites of the Upper Austrian-Bavarian State Exhibition Allied, Enemy, Related by marriage, along with Mattighofen Castle and Burghausen Castle .
By securing funding for the 2012 state exhibition, a specific proposal for subsequent use was required for the Ranshofen Abbey. In this context, considerations were made about the establishment of a branch of the Landesmusikschule Braunau.
From November 16 to 18, 2012, the Loretto Community's Christ the King Festival took place in the monastery .
See also
literature
- Alois Brandstetter : The born gardener . Novel. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-423-24456-9 .
- Oskar Hille: Castles and palaces in Upper Austria then and now . Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Sons, Horn 1975, ISBN 3-85028-023-3 .
- Wilfried L. Lipp: The former Augustinian canons of Ranshofen. A contribution to art history. In: Land Oberösterreich (Ed.): 900 years of Reichersberg Abbey. Augustinian Canons between Passau and Salzburg. Oberösterreichischer Landesverlag, Linz 1984, pp. 149–160.
- Rudolf Wolfgang Schmidt: The Augustinian Canons Ranshofen. In: Land Oberösterreich (Ed.): 900 years of Reichersberg Abbey. Augustinian Canons between Passau and Salzburg. Oberösterreichischer Landesverlag, Linz 1984, pp. 139–148.
- Rudolf Zinnhobler : On the legal history of the Ranshofen monastery and its parishes. In: Land Oberösterreich (Ed.): 900 years of Reichersberg Abbey. Augustinian Canons between Passau and Salzburg. Oberösterreichischer Landesverlag, Linz 1984, pp. 161–170.
- Peter Gustav Krebs: 800 years of the Augustinian Canons of Ranshofen. Historical documentation. Edition Innsalz, Ranshofen 2006, ISBN 978-3-900050-95-5 .
- Walter Neweklowsky: Founders of the castles - noble families from Upper Austria (III). In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets . Volume 27, Issue 3/4, Linz 1973, pp. 133–158, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
- Rudolf W. Schmidt: Ranshofen. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3046-5 .
Web links
- Bavarian-Upper Austrian State Exhibition 2012 “Allied - Enemy - Related by Relations. Bavaria and Austria "
- Ranshofen parish
Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 53 ″ N , 13 ° 1 ′ 10 ″ E