Pen Suben
The Suben Abbey is a former monastery of the Augustinian Canons (CanReg) in Suben in Austria . Today it houses the Suben prison .
history
Around 1050 and 1084 the castle of the Counts of Formbach von Tuta , the daughter of Heinrich von Formbach and wife of the Hungarian King Béla I , was converted into a collegiate monastery for secular clerics. During the investiture controversy , the Counts of Formbach sided with the Pope. As a result, Suben was also devastated by the supporters of Emperor Heinrich IV . The monastery itself was founded in 1126/1142 by Bishop Altmann von Trient , son of Count Udalschalk von Lurn and great-grandson of Tutas. Altmann stipulated that the clergy in the monastery should follow the rule of St. Augustine live and that the bishopric of Salzburg should determine the provost . The monastery owned properties in the Innviertel, Carinthia, Styria and the Wachau and had important toll privileges. The Subenhof used as an inn in Rossatz is still a reminder of one of these properties. Already in 1146 Pope Eugene III. Suben in his special protection and confirms all possessions to the monastery and grants the right to burial. 1236 was the pen by Pope Gregory IX. the free election of provost was granted, although it was not until 1474 that the first provost could be freely elected from among the convent.
On the basis of prayer fraternities one can see that the monastery tried to get in contact with other monasteries. Provost Ulrich Saeldt (1390–1421) closes one with Reichersberg Monastery on March 27, 1416 , Provost Matthäus Meemoser (1422–1456) with the St. Florian Monastery on September 8, 1426 , Provost Johann IV. Heiweckh (1493–1509) on September 21, 1497 with Kremsmünster Monastery , in 1500 with Mondsee Monastery , on May 10th 1501 with Neustift Monastery near Brixen and 1502 with the Göttweig Monastery . Through the Passau bishop Wiguleus Fröschl (1500–1517), the monastery received significantly new tasks in relation to pastoral care in numerous parishes in the Innviertel. These tasks continued until the monastery was closed in 1784.
The Counts of Schaunberg exercised the bailiwick and jurisdiction over the monastery from 1140. When the last Schaunberger, Count Wolfgang II, died in 1559, the monastery received its own court judge (with lower jurisdiction) and the monastery settlement became a court marque . In the second half of the 16th century, there were numerous complaints in the visitation protocols about bad morals and discipline, the use of the Protestant catechism and cohabitation. For a short time the dean Johann Ponner (later provost Johann VIII (1586–1591)) had to be elevated to the position of head by the secular authorities. But it was not until provost Michael Hering (1591–1599) that a fundamental change occurred. Provost Ernest Theophil Scharrer (1679–1696) installed the arch brotherhood “Maria Hilf” in Suben, in 1684 it received it from Pope Innocent XI. the pontificals (cap, staff, ring and pectoral cross).
Suben came to Austria from Bavaria with the Innviertel in 1779. On March 6, 1784, the Suben Abbey was abolished by Emperor Joseph II and placed under the administration of Reichersberg Monastery . The 23 canons existing at the time were able to serve as secular clergy in the parishes or were retired. So did the last provost, who lived in the “empty monastery” until his death in 1789. Substantial parts of the monastery property were then sold. The monastery collections (archive, library, church treasures) were scattered all over the world. The remaining assets were added to the new diocese of Linz in 1792 and served as a real endowment for the vicar general . After his death, the state regained power. In 1809 the monastery buildings served as a hospital for the French troops. Emperor Napoleon gave it to his Field Marshal Carl Philipp von Wrede in 1809 . Under his aegis, the monastery buildings fell into disrepair and numerous works of art were sold or kidnapped.
In 1855 the kuk Strafhausfonds bought it back from the Wrede family. The buildings have been used as a penal institution since 1865 , with the Garsten prison for women being moved here first. A penal institution for men was set up in 1875 and still exists today. Pastoral care in prison and in the parish has been provided by Franciscan fathers since then .
art
Little is known about the original condition of the church. On the epitaph of Tuta this holds a church of Romanesque character. A Romanesque column with a very early capital (around 1136) has also survived. Towards the end of the 17th century, the monastery was redesigned in baroque style due to the poor state of construction. Provost Asquilin Sattelberger (1672–1678) had a new provost house built. Provost Gregor II. Raiffauer (1696–1720) continued the new building, in 1696 most of the old monastery was demolished and on September 24, 1696 the foundation stone for the new building was laid. In 1702/03 the construction work was completed with the construction of the upper floor of the east wing. The master builder Carlo Antonio Carlone is considered the spiritus rector for the new building . During the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), the monastery was overcrowded with refugees and the warring parties extorted huge sums of money so that the development of art in the new building was limited. From Suben, the baroque building spirit also extended to the monastery parishes (Taufkirchen an der Pram, Zell an der Pram, Raab).
The church was built between 1766 and 1770 under Provost Ildefons Schalkhamer by master builder Simon Frey (d. 1771 in Pullach ). Johann Jakob Zeiller painted the frescoes . The pulpit was made by Joseph Deutschmann , the stucco by Johann Baptist Modler . The ceiling frescoes show the conversion of St. Augustine , the central fresco his glorification and the altar fresco the wedding of the Lamb. The altar panel, which also depicts St. St Augustine, comes from Johann Georg Unruhe . On October 6, 1771, the Prince-Bishop of Passau, Cardinal Leopold Ernst Graf von Firmian , carried out the inauguration. After the abbey was dissolved, the abbey church became a parish church and the then recently restored parish church (in honor of St. Mary) was sold for 65 guilders to a surgeon who turned it into a house.
Despite all the redesigns, the complex is still an impressive example of the baroque monastery architecture that dominates the Inn and Subener Bay.
Monastery coat of arms
Blazon : Six 3: 2: 1 set of gold lilies in blue. The color blue and three golden lilies were adopted as a reference in Suben's municipal coat of arms , which was awarded in 1978.
See also
literature
- Fritz Dworschak : Nine hundred years of Suben Abbey on the Inn . In: Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter 6 (1952) 3, pp. 296–318, online (PDF; 3.1 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
- Franz Engl : The former Augustinian canon monastery Suben am Inn . In: Land Oberösterreich (ed.), 900 years of Reichersberg Abbey. Augustinian Canons between Passau and Salzburg. Exhibition by the Province of Upper Austria, April 26 to October 18, 1984 in the Reichersberg am Inn Abbey . Linz 1984, pp. 67-79.
- Hans Rödhammer: The provosts of the Augustinian canons of Suben , In: Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter , vol. 32, 1978, issue 3/4, pp. 224–248. ( PDF )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Suben Prison: From the founding of the pen to the prison - a journey through time ( memento from November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on justiz.gv.at
- ^ Herbert Erich Baumert: Upper Austrian municipal coat of arms . Upper Austrian Provincial Archives, Linz 1996, No. 385.
Coordinates: 48 ° 24 ′ 45 " N , 13 ° 25 ′ 47" E