Brotherhood of the Agony of Christ

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The Brotherhood of Christ's Fear of Death (also: Brotherhood of Death) is a Catholic brotherhood with the aim of praying for a gracious death for yourself and your fellow brothers. It was founded by Jesuits in the 17th century and flourished in the 18th century.

Goals of the Brotherhood

In the Reformed churches, the brotherhoods went out after the Reformation. In Catholicism, on the other hand, Pope Clement VIII organized the brotherhood system according to canon law and laid it down on its religious determination in the Bull Quaecumque of 1604. Thereafter, the brotherhoods, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries up to secularization, were an essential part of Catholic popular piety.

The association, also known as the "Brotherhood of the Good Death" by Catholic clergy and lay people, was founded in 1648 by the Jesuit general Vincenzo Carafa . Their goal was to stand by the Catholic believers in life-threatening illness and to prepare them for death. For this purpose, the sacrament of the anointing of the sick and the last unction , which declined during the Reformation, should be promoted again. The same applies to the sacrament of Confession . As a result, this brotherhood also served to strengthen the Catholic faith in formerly reformed areas.

As part of the Counter-Reformation effort, the Brotherhood used artistic and architectural means. In the Austrian area in particular, the brotherhood suggested the creation of calvaries . Hundreds of such systems were built in the 17th century alone.

In some places the brotherhood not only prayed with the dying and kept vigil, but also prayed in memory of the suffering and death of Jesus on the night of Maundy Thursday on Good Friday, a custom that the Kolping Family St. Mauritius Kärlich in Mülheim-Kärlich has recently cultivated .

Terms

Another name for the brotherhood is "Sodality Agonia Christi". Instead of brotherhood, the Latin term “confraternitas” is used.

Places with fraternities in fear of death and year of foundation

  • Ahlen before 1689
  • Arnsberg before 1716
  • Bärwalde (Frankenstein district, Silesia), St. Johannes Evangelist. Was founded on March 14, 1726 by the then Pope Benedict XIII. confirmed in Rome.
  • Beckum before 1689
  • Beverungen 1691
  • Bocholt before 1689
  • Borgentreich 1693
  • Brakel 1693
  • Brenken 1720
  • Brilon before 1716
  • Coesfeld before 1689
  • Delbruck 1724
  • Dülmen before 1689
  • Erwitte before 1716
  • Fölsen 1737
  • Gehrden 1686
  • Geseke, St. Cyriacus before 1716
  • Haltern 1690
  • Heddinghausen before 1716
  • Hovelhof 1731
  • Kärlich 1709
  • Holland 1805
  • Lichtenau 1777
  • Laumersheim , Palmberg , Holy Cross Chapel , around 1720
  • Medebach before 1716
  • Menden before 1716
  • Holland 1678
  • Neuhaus 1678
  • Nordwalde (before 1874; 1874: 200 members)
  • Olomouc 1655
  • Paderborn, cathedral 1733
  • Paderborn, Jesuit Church 1683
  • Paderborn, Market Church 1712
  • Pömbsen 1697
  • Schwaney 1767
  • Stromberg before 1689
  • Telgte before 1689
  • Warburg before 1700
  • Warendorf before 1689
  • Werl before 1716
  • Werne before 1689
  • Willebadessen 1694
  • Winterberg before 1716

Fonts

The “Conciones de agonia Domini nostri Jesu Christi”, by the Jesuit Father Alexander Wille, printed in 1707 by Johann Dietrich Todt in Paderborn (72 sermons) should be mentioned as prayer and hymn books. There is also the work “Brotherhood of the fear of death of our Savior Jesus Christ to receive a blessed death”, printed in 1797 by Hermann Leopold Wittneven.

  • Brother creation of death = fear of Heylandes Jesus Christ dying on Creutz and his mother Mariae, who is dying in pain, to a blessed hour of death, as she did in the Furnebmsten Oertern of the Münster, as Münster, Coeßfeld, Warendorff, Buchholt, Werne, Beckum, Ahlen Dülmen, Telgt, and Stromberg are held. [before 1689: confirmation of Innocent XI.]; Print: Osnabrück bey Jobst Gerhard Lingen (StadtA Coe VIII.5.3)
  • Brotherhood of the agony of our dying Savior Jesus Christ, as it is held in the most distinguished places of the Principality of Munster. Münster [approx. 1800] (Online: ULB Münster )
  • Brotherhood of the agony of our dying Savior Jesus Christ, as it is held in the most distinguished places of the Principality of Munster. Münster 1803 (Online: ULB Münster )
  • Brotherhood of Agony to commemorate the suffering and death of Jesus Christ on the cross, to obtain a blessed hour of death and to intercede for the dead. Münster 1852 (Online: ULB Münster )

literature

  • Hans Jürgen Brandt, Karl Hengst : The Diocese of Paderborn from the Reformation to the Secularization 1532-1802 / 21 , Volume 2, Paderborn 2007 ISBN 978-3-89710-002-2 .
  • Reinhard Müller: The visitation of the Duchy of Westphalia by the Cologne Vicar General Johann Arnold de Reux (1716/17), Münster 2015, pp. 580-584.

Remarks

  1. ^ Conference report piety cultures of the Jesuits in East Central Europe between 1570 and 1700. January 17, 2003 - January 18, 2003, Leipzig. In: H-Soz-u-Kult, February 13, 2003 Online version
  2. ↑ Parish church and parish of St. Mauritius Kärlich . 2nd edition, published by the Catholic Church Community of St. Mauritius Kärlich, Mülheim-Kärlich 2017, p. 69.
  3. ↑ Brandt / Hengst pp. 351–353 - unless otherwise noted
  4. ↑ Klemens-August Recker: "Under Prussian Eagle and Swastika". Catholic milieu between self-assertion and dissolution. An example from Westphalia: Nordwalde 1850-1950. Münster (Aschendorff Verlag) 2013, p. 35

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