Palmberg (Upper Palatinate)
| Palmberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Palmberg with chapel, from the east. On the right residential development of Laumersheim, in the background Großkarlbach and the Leininger Sporn as the northeastern edge of the Palatinate Forest |
||
| height | 137.1 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Germany | |
| Mountains | Range of hills east of the Palatinate Forest | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 32 '29 " N , 8 ° 14' 26" E | |
|
||
| particularities | Holy Cross Chapel on the hilltop | |
The Palmberg is 137.1 m above sea level. NHN high hill in the northern Front Palatinate ( Rhineland-Palatinate ). The village of Berghaselbach, which is seldom mentioned as Haselach , once lay on the hill . The Catholic Holy Cross Chapel on the highest point of the hill is a pilgrimage site of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer .
After the hill, the regional wine cooperative , which has its farm buildings on the north slope and merged with the larger wine cooperative Vier Jahreszeiten Winzer in 2018 , chose the name Palmberg regional wine cooperative .
geography
The Palmberg is located south of the local communities Laumersheim and Gerolsheim , half of which it belongs to. It is optically continued to the east, beyond Kreisstraße 2 (Gerolsheim– Lambsheim ), through the artificial hill of the Gerolsheim hazardous waste dump, which was abandoned in 2003 and later largely renatured . State road 454 (Laumersheim– Weisenheim am Sand ) passes to the west .
The Palmberg with its highest point ( 137.1 m ) in the west of the summit is only about 30 m higher than its surroundings. It represents the approximately 2 km long eastern runner of an elongated ridge that protrudes from the west into the Upper Rhine Plain . The watershed runs over the chain of hills between the catchment areas of the Eckbach in the north and the Fuchbach in the south.
history
According to local folk tradition, Emperor Ludwig the Pious , son of Charlemagne , is said to have founded a nunnery with a church on the Palmberg as early as the first half of the 9th century . Historically, it is known that Ludwig had an estate with lands and one dedicated to St. Cyriakus consecrated basilica as a gift to the Maria Münster in Worms . Around this core, the village of Berghaselbach was built in the early Middle Ages , whose parish church St. Cyriakus was considered the mother church of all surrounding villages. The whole mountain is likely to have received its name from the martyr Cyriakus, whose attribute is a palm frond , as is the case in the nearby Weisenheim am Sand, where the palm frond in the local coat of arms reminds of the old church patron St. Cyriakus.
The Cistercian monastery Mariamünster of Worms was under the local Cyriakuskirche addition to extensive property, mentioned in documents already in 1196. The Wormser bishop Leopold II. Of Schonfeld , before his elevation to the chief shepherd pastor of St. Cyriac in mountain Haselbach, leaving the convention, according to deed of January 9, 1196, in addition all income from the house of God, whereby he writes that the pastorate there has just become vacant because of his election as bishop. According to the Worms Synod of 1496, the church and settlement still existed at that time. During the Peasants' War in 1525, the landed gentry Erasmus (Asmus) von der Hauben from nearby Dirmstein stormed the place with a peasant crowd and devastated it. After the Reformation was introduced by the Elector Palatinate , the Catholic cult was banned.
When the Spaniards occupied the area in 1624, during the Thirty Years' War , the locally responsible Bishop of Worms immediately requested the resumption of the earlier pilgrimage tradition on the Palmberg . This is the first tangible evidence of local pilgrimage; since it was supposed to revive, it must have been common beforehand. In the further course of the war, Berghaselbach was completely given up as a place of residence after the last inhabitants died of hunger and plague . The pilgrimages were interrupted again during the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697), but could be resumed after the Peace of Ryswick (1697). At that time there were still ruins of the old church and houses in the village.
The abandoned village of Berghaselbach became completely devastated over time, but the pilgrimage continued. Baron Franz Caspar von Langen from Laumersheim finally had a small pilgrimage chapel built on the foundation walls of the choir of the old parish church in 1722/23 west of the main summit, at a height of 119 m ; the auxiliary bishop of Worms, Johann Baptist Gegg , consecrated it and an altar in it on May 3, 1722 to the patronage of the Holy Cross .
After the coalition wars had spread from France to the German areas on the left bank of the Rhine in the 1790s, church life was often subjected to severe restrictions by the French occupation. That is why the Laumersheim pastor Joseph Heß asked the clerical vicariate in Worms in 1807 whether he should continue the procession to Palmberg, which had "always" taken place in his parish on Sunday Laetare .
Sights and culture
chapel
The octagonal Chapel of the Holy Cross, in baroque style , still exists today. It is windowless, windows are only indicated in relief in the plaster of the outer walls . Inside there is a crucifixion group from the 18th century and replicas of medieval sculptures , the origin of which is unclear, but which probably come from the earlier village. The originals of the sculptures are kept in the Palatinate History Museum in Speyer . On June 3, 1946, the future Cardinal Joseph Wendel , at that time still Bishop of Speyer, rededicated the renovated altar in the chapel.
Pilgrimage
The Holy Cross Chapel on Palmberg is an official pilgrimage site of the Speyer diocese. Every year, the day of pilgrimage with a festive service is Whit Monday .
economy
Today, wine is grown on the Palmberg ; With the exception of the north and north-west slopes, the vineyards cover the entire area of the hill. The locations are called Laumersheimer Kapellenberg (32.8 hectares, in the west) and Gerolsheimer Klosterweg (45 hectares, in the east). The regional winegrowers' cooperative Palmberg e. G. was founded in 1958 and is based in Laumersheim. In 2009, its 165 members cultivated a vineyard area of 230 hectares, which also extends to the terrain around the Palmberg.
Towards the end of the 20th century, a deposit of quartz sand was discovered in the western part of the hill belonging to Laumersheim , which due to its purity is subject to mining law and thus has priority over agriculture . For this reason, the local winegrowers had to give up high-quality vineyards in favor of the quartz sand opencast mine by an external company. Even a citizens' initiative that was active in the 1990s could not prevent the expropriation of the land and the subsequent sand mining, in which the topsoil layer necessary for viticulture was removed. The years of legal disputes found their way into the regional dialect literature.
Web links
- Location of the chapel on the Palmberg : Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
- Pilgrimage to Palmberg on: www.katholische-kirche.de (with pictures)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
- ↑ a b Quality from nature - Palmberg. Regional winegrowers' cooperative Palmberg e. G., accessed December 26, 2013 .
- ^ Rudolf Kraft: Das Reichsgut im Wormsgau , Hessischer Staatsverlag, 1934, p. 149; (Detail scan).
- ↑ a b Laumersheim - Holy Cross. Diocese of Speyer, archived from the original on January 27, 2016 ; Retrieved December 26, 2013 .
- ↑ Description of the coat of arms of Weisenheim am Sand, at the bottom of the page.
- ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb: Statistical-topographical description of Rhine Bavaria . tape 2 , p. 200 ( online ).
- ^ Franz Xaver Glasschröder : Documents on the Palatinate Church History in the Middle Ages . Munich 1903, p. 192 (document proposal no. 453).
- ↑ Michael Frey: Attempt of a geographical-historical-statistical description of the royal. bayer. Rhine circle . tape 2 . F. C. Neidhard, 1836, p. 365 ( online ).
- ^ Clemens Jöckle : Pilgrimage sites in the diocese of Speyer. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich, ISBN 3-7954-0499-1 , p. 18.
- ↑ a b Parish Laumersheim: Documents in the parish archive .
- ↑ Archive for Middle Rhine Church History (Ed.): Excerpts from the protocol Laumersheim Kr. Frankenthal . tape II , 1722, pp. 318 ( online ).
- ↑ Georg May : The right to worship in the Diocese of Mainz at the time of Bishop Joseph Colmar (1802-1818) . Verlag Grüner, Amsterdam 1987, ISBN 90-6032-290-8 , pp. 291 ( online ).
- ↑ Consecration of the altar on the Palmberg . In: The Christian Pilgrim . No. 15 , 1946.
- ↑ Pilgrimage to the Palmberg. Roman Catholic Church , accessed May 17, 2010 .
- ↑ Albert H. Keil: Palmberg recipe . In: Dogs before the heart . Dirmstein 1997, ISBN 3-921395-34-8 , pp. 70 ( online ).