Dirmstein

This article deals with the municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate. For further meanings see Dirmstein (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 34 '  N , 8 ° 15'  E
Basic data
State :	Rhineland-Palatinate
County :	Bad Dürkheim
Association municipality :	Leiningerland
Height :	102 m above sea level NHN
Area :	14.67 km 2
Residents:	3056 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	208 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	67246
Area code :	06238
License plate :	DÜW
Community key :	07 3 32 010
Community structure:	Oberdorf and Niederdorf
Association administration address:	Industriestrasse 11 67269 Grünstadt
Website :	www.dirmstein.de
Local Mayor :	Bernd Eberle (FWG Dirmstein e.V.)
Location of the local community Dirmstein in the Bad Dürkheim district

Center: Schlossplatz with (from right) Sturmfederschem Castle (town hall), Café Kempf and the rear building of the St. Michael pharmacy

Dirmstein is the largest local community in terms of area and the third largest in terms of population in the Leiningerland community in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Bad Dürkheim . The wine-growing town is located in the extreme northeast of this district and at the same time in the northwest of the European metropolitan region of Rhine-Neckar .

The village was first mentioned in a document in the 8th century, with the date in 842. Although it never belonged to the Counts of Leiningen , it is now part of the Leiningerland . In the historic and well-restored center of the upper village , two monument zones have been identified; 47 of the 58  protected objects are in this area . They come as the most important landmarks of the village, the Baroque Two Church of St. Lawrence (s. Section Individual cultural monuments ), with few exceptions, from the heyday of the community in the 18th century, at the end Dirmstein partially disputed sources for two decades even municipal rights had .

geography

location

Dirmstein is 102  m above sea level. NHN in the Upper Rhine Plain in the northeast of the Palatinate . The Rhine flows 12 km east (as the crow flies), the Palatinate Forest begins 9 km west, and the border with the Rheinhessen region runs 2 km north .

The neighboring settlements are clockwise Offstein and Worms-Heppenheim (both in Rheinhessen) in the north, Heuchelheim ( Verbandsgemeinde Lambsheim-Heßheim ) in the east and Gerolsheim , Laumersheim and Obersülzen (all Verbandsgemeinde Leiningerland) in the south, southwest and west. The distance to Heppenheim is 5 km, to Offstein 4 km, to all other places mentioned 2 km.

Surface shape

The eastern part of the district on the Rhine side is almost flat, while striking hills rise to the west. They belong to that part of the Palatinate wine-growing region between the plain and the low mountain range, which was called Unterhaardt until 1969 and has been called Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse since it was merged with Mittelhaardt .

To the north and south of the municipality, low ranges of hills run from the Haardtrand out into the plain, which form the watershed to the catchment areas of the Eisbach and the Fuchsbach . The most conspicuous elevations, but only slightly higher than the built-up area, are the Wörschberg ( 165  m ), the Schneckenberg ( 143  m ) and the Stahlberg ( 134  m ) in the north and the Palmberg ( 137  m ) in the south.

Waters

1920s: diversion of the Eckbach from north (left) to east (straight to the rear)

Renaturation of the Floßbach: upper of three retention basins

The municipality is traversed in a west-east direction by the Eckbach , which is a left tributary of the Rhine. The stream reaches the place from the southwest, from Laumersheim, in the Oberdorf and leaves it in the Niederdorf in an easterly direction towards Heuchelheim.

In the 1920s, the stream was relocated from the center of the village to the southern periphery. Up to this point there had been a shallow pond-like extension of the stream bed south of the church, on Affenstein , next to the thoroughfare, in which carts could be cleaned of sand and clay deposits. The channel that came from the southern moat of the medieval fortification of the Dirmsteiner Oberdorf was chosen as the new stream bed (straight ahead instead of to the left) . Between Oberdorf and Niederdorf, the Eckbach meets its old bed again from the right.

The inconspicuous Floßbach , which comes from Obersülzen and also called Landgraben on the upper reaches , flows around Dirmstein in the north and flows into the Eckbach from the left on the eastern edge of the village, was straightened in the second half of the 20th century. The loss of floodplains caused in this way, together with the increase in flow velocity, caused problems in the Dirmstein building area north of Heuchelheimer Strasse , opened in the 1980s, when it rained heavily. In 1994 there was a large-scale flooding there for the first time , in which the cellars of the four residential buildings at the eastern end of Lokalbahnstrasse were under water up to the top. In 2006, various options for creating flood plains were put up for discussion, and in 2008 the council of the community of Grünstadt-Land decided to renaturate the water over a stretch of over 1 km. The measure was subsidized by the state of Rhineland-Palatinate as part of the Blue Campaign as ecologically valuable with 90% of the costs. During the redesign from October 2008, former arable land along the stream, which had become the property of the municipality when the land consolidation was carried out, was removed. This created three voluminous retention areas into which the water can spread in the event of heavy rainfall. To reduce the flow rate, meanders were built in again and, in particular, two almost right-angled bends were defused. During a heavy rain in May 2009, the changes proved their worth shortly before the official inauguration. The renaturation was completed in spring 2009 with the planting of trees and shrubs typical of the site.

geology

The most important event in the development of the landscape in today's Vorderpfalz was the collapse of the Upper Rhine Graben against the surrounding low mountain ranges, which began in the Old Tertiary about 50 million years ago and has continued into the present . An area spread out in front of the mountains, which was cut in the Dirmstein area by Eckbach and Floßbach. During the Ice Ages , in the spatial area surrounding the glaciation of large parts of Europe, the slopes gradually slipped and the wind rubbed them away . These processes led to a reshaping of the original surface relief , creating an alluvial fan level with embankment and erosion terraces. In addition, in the dry and cold phases of the Worm Ice Age , layers of loess were created by the influence of wind ; the loess mainly accumulated on faults and in the lee of small hollows. Later erosion created some steep walls in the loess areas, which today are up to 6 m high and represent valuable biotopes (see section on natural monuments ).

The top layer of the deposits comes almost exclusively from the recent past. In lower lying areas, the two brooks carried the sediments here, the higher areas were more shaped by the weather. The soils are mainly sandy and partly contain clay , the concentration of which varies. As resources are occasionally elsewhere in the area of quartz sand discovered, because of their purity the mining subject to legally and therefore takes precedence over agriculture have. For this reason, the local vintners sometimes even have to give up high-quality vineyards in favor of quartz sand opencast mining by foreign companies. A case from the 1990s concerning nearby Palmberg that preoccupied the courts made its way into the regional literature.

climate

Precipitation curve for Dirmstein: blue

In view of the prevailing south-westerly and westerly winds, Dirmstein's location in the lee of the Palatinate Forest means that the place has to get by with a maximum of 500 mm of annual precipitation. Even in north-westerly weather conditions, the Donnersberg ( 689  m ) massif, which is 25 km away in the North Palatinate Uplands , often prevents more abundant rainfall. Precipitation is in the lower quarter of the values ​​recorded in Germany; only 22% of the German Weather Service's measuring stations register lower values. The driest month is January, the most precipitation falls in May, which is 2.2 times more than in January. The monthly values ​​vary greatly.

Because of the lack of rain, the water table is now more than 10 m below the surface of the earth. On the one hand, this necessitates artificial irrigation in arable farming , but on the other hand it ensures ideal conditions for viticulture : The upper - dry - soil layers heat up more quickly, so that sugar formation in the grapes is promoted, and the vines have to root deeper in order to get enough moisture to arrive, which favors the absorption of minerals.

Since its completion in 1941, the Autobahn 6 ( Mannheim - Saarbrücken ) has been running 1 km south of Dirmstein , construction of which began in 1932. With its elevation to the embankment, on average 5 m above the level of the surrounding area, in the second half of the 20th century, it represents a clear barrier that stretches from east to west through the Rhine plain to the Palatinate Forest and only broken through by a few underpasses is. The extent to which the route influences the small-scale climate and, for example , can lead to the formation of cold-air lakes in inversion weather conditions , has never been systematically investigated.

history

Timetable

time	Events	people	Explanations
from 6th century (5th century?)	Settlement proven	Franconia ( Alemanni ?)	Burial fields in the north and northeast
8th century	1., undated documentary mention of Dirmstein	Benedictines of the Weissenburg Abbey (Alsace)	Weissenburg Codex
November 23, 842	1. Dated documentary mention of Dirmstein	King and later Emperor Charles the Bald	Issuing a letter of protection
11th century, beginning	1. Dirmsteiner Church: St. Petrus	Bishop of Worms ( Burchard ?)
1141	1st documentary mention of viticulture in Dirmstein
June 4, 1196	Dirmstein as bailiwick to the diocese of Worms	Emperor Heinrich VI. Bishop Leopold II von Schönfeld and Martinsstift von Worms	Notarisation before the witnesses Emicho von Liningen and Count Gerlach von Veldenze
13th century	Predecessor buildings of the later castles	Bishop of Worms , local nobles (including Jacob Lerch? )	Episcopal palace , castle of those von der Hauben , fortified courtyard Lerch u. a.
14.-16. Century	Founding of two monasteries	• Augustinians • Jesuits	• Augustinian provosty (1367–1525) • later Jesuit monastery (1500–1800)
17th century, 1st third	High point of the era of the noble Lerch family	Caspar Lerch (1575–1642)	19 years of exile
1689	Dirmstein in the Palatinate War of Succession	French troops	Destruction of the entire place by fire
18th century, 1st half	Construction of the Koeth-Wanscheidschen and Quadtschen castles	• The Rießmann family • The Quadt family
from 1736	Expansion of the Sturmfederschen Castle	Baron Marsilius Franz Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler	1738: Construction of the Michel Gate
1742-1746	Construction of the Laurentiuskirche	Prince-Bishop Franz Georg von Schönborn	Drafts by Balthasar Neumann , final planning and site management Franz Rothermel
around 1780	New construction of the Sturmfederschen Castle	Baron Carl Theodor Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler	Design in its current form
1780-1801	City rights
around 1790	Creation of the cellar garden	Baron Carl Theodor Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler	Planning by Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell
1798-1814	Dirmstein French		Department du Mont-Tonnerre , Canton of Grünstadt
1815-1816	Dirmstein Austrian		Canton of Grünstadt
1816-1946	Dirmstein Bavarian		• Rheinkreis, from 1837 Pfalz •• from 1817 Landkommissariat Frankenthal •• from 1862 District Office Frankenthal •• from 1938 District Frankenthal
around 1830	Creation of the castle park	Gideon from Camuzi	Planning by Johann Christian Metzger
1891-1939	Operation of the local railway	Eisenbahn-Actien-Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen	old trainstation
February 21, 1945	Royal Air Force member murdered	Perpetrator Adolf Wolfert	Sacrifice Cyril William Sibley
1969	Change of district		District of Frankenthal → District of Bad Dürkheim
1972	Assignment		Formation of the community of Grünstadt-Land acc. Provincial law on administrative simplification
November 23, 2005	Publication of the local history	Michael Martin u. a. and the St. Michael Dirmstein cultural association	For more information, see the literature section
May / June 2015	Opening of the Schlosspark-Klinik Dirmstein in Koeth-Wanscheidschen Castle	Organization: German Senior Citizens Support and Sickness Aid e. V.	Acute clinic for psychiatry, psychotherapy and psychosomatics
4th / 5th September 2015	Opening of the festival hall in the basement garden		Replacement building at the same location for the Unterhaardter festival hall, which was demolished due to dilapidation
2018	Assignment		Formation of the community of Leiningerland through the merger of the community of Grünstadt-Land and Hettenleidelheim

timeline

Celts, Romans and Teutons

Old customs house: nucleus of the upper village ?

When the Romans conquered the region shortly before the turn of the Christian era , members of the Germanic tribe of the Vangions also settled here in addition to the Celts . The Romans were replaced in the late period of their rule around 400 by invading Germanic tribes from the Alemannic tribe, who were replaced by Germanic Franks over the course of a century . Up to this point there is no evidence of Dirmstein.

The area of ​​the confluence of the Eckbach and Floßbach rivers was evidently inhabited from the early Middle Ages . Three Franconian grave fields from the 6th century, located on the northeastern edge of the town, were discovered from 1954. The last found was archaeologically examined in the 1980s . The recovered remains have to Speyer to the Historical Museum of the Palatinate spent. Some of the experts dealing with the finds even hold the opinion that the tombs were at least partially in use as early as the Alemannic period, i.e. in the 5th century.

In the 8th century Dirmstein already existed as a Franconian settlement "Díramestein", which is mentioned in the Weißenburg Codex without exact dating. The nucleus of the place was today's Oberdorf . First and foremost, the area in the south-west comes into question, where the "castle" was built on the Eckbach in a later time. A lower probability speaks for the current north-western entrance to the town; there, in the area of ​​the former customs house, the hills merge into the plain, and earlier a small body of water flowed south towards the Eckbach. It is certain that soon afterwards, 500 m to the east, in the area where the Floßbach flows into the Eckbach, the Niederdorf emerged.

The village was first mentioned by date in the 9th century. The grandson of Charlemagne , King of the Franks Karl the Bald , later also Emperor, who had recently met with his half-brother Ludwig the German in nearby Worms , presented "in villa Theormsthein" or "Thiormsthein" to the Archbishop of Vienne on November 23, 842 , Agilmar (term of office 841–859), issued a letter of protection for possessions in Aquitaine and Burgundy .

Emperor, bishop and local nobles

Spitalhof: Archway with Caspar Lerch's inscription

Initially Dirmstein was imperial and was directly subordinate to the king or emperor with regard to manorial rule and jurisdiction. Heinrich VI stepped into this right . on April 4, 1190 to the Bishop of Worms Konrad II von Sternberg . With documents from the years 1332 and 1384 the episcopal privileges were confirmed and in 1405 they were partially extended. A predecessor building of a bishop's castle, referred to merely as a “house”, was attested from 1240, the actual castle, which also served the bishop as a summer residence, first appeared in 1414.

For the administration, the bishop made use of members of the lower nobility who were already resident in Dirmstein or who settled here. Dirmstein noble families were first mentioned in the 12th century. The best known was the Lerch family , who from the end of the 13th century until their notorious extinction at the end of the 17th century played an important role both in the village and - because of their extensive holdings - in the entire south-west of Germany. Her name is carved in stone on several historical Dirmstein buildings, for example on the archway to the Spitalhof and on the wall of today's "fencing school" in the basement garden . After marrying in the middle of the 17th century, the Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler family inherited the Lerch family.

Other noble families of the Middle Ages were u. a. the Nagel von Dirmstein , von der Hauben and von Affenstein families . From the 15th century, the representatives of the nobility formed a Ganerbschaft , whose meetings finally took place in a previous building of today's St. Michael pharmacy , which was built in 1535.

condominium

Manor with the remains of the Episcopal Castle

From 1419 to 1705 Dirmstein belonged to two lordships together; in the form of a condominium , it was owned by both the Prince-Bishop of Worms and the Palatinate Elector . It is not clear from the sources why, despite the expansion of episcopal rights in 1405, the division of power took place as early as 1411, which was fixed by a written agreement on March 4, 1419. Bishop Johann II von Fleckenstein and Elector Ludwig III. shared all rights to and in Dirmstein in half. During this time, the Palatinate Palace must have been built in the place , which is more likely to be imagined as an official building. A good hundred years later, it was so badly damaged (see section on wartime ) that it was probably not restored; today its location is not even known.

The condominium has proven itself throughout its existence, and differences have always been settled amicably. The most important success is likely to have been the awarding of the two larger local churches, the St. Peter's Church and the Laurentius Chapel, to the Catholics and the Protestants. This happened after the Reformation , when the Electoral Palatinate decided in favor of the Reformed Confession in the second half of the 16th century . The condominium ended in 1705 when the Hochstift Worms regained all rights to and in Dirmstein through an exchange of territory with the Electoral Palatinate. The elector was only allowed to make decisions in internal affairs of the Protestant residents.

Times of war

The town itself suffered little from the Peasants' War , although on June 4, 1525 rebellious peasants under the leadership of the Dirmstein vassal Erasmus von der Hauben razed the Episcopal and Palatinate Castle, the Affenstein Castle and the Augustinian Monastery and set them on fire. The Episcopal Castle and the Affenstein Castle were then made usable again, the other two properties remained in ruins and gradually fell into disrepair.

Only minor damage occurred during the Thirty Years War . The avowed Catholic partisan Caspar Lerch (1575–1642), whose “castle” was looted and who, along with his family, was forced to flee and spend nineteen years in exile, had to endure repression . Caspar Lerch was the outstanding representative of his family, first as treasurer of the Bishop of Speyer , then as electoral Mainz bailiff in Tauberbischofsheim and finally as director of the knightly canton of Upper Rhine . He also wrote numerous legal works and a family chronicle.

In 1689, Dirmstein was almost completely burned down by French troops. From 1688 to 1697 the “Sun King” Ludwig XIV led the Palatinate War of Succession in order to get the legacy of his sister-in-law Liselotte von der Pfalz - and paradoxically left the Electoral Palatinate, which he coveted, to rubble and ashes. The conflagration raged in Dirmstein for three days, from September 7th to 9th. Only a few houses remained intact.

Baroque period

"Neidkopf" at the Michelstor

In the course of the Baroque period, the two original settlement cores, the Upper and the Niederdorf , became a sizable community again, although they were 500 m apart and were only loosely connected via today's main street . One of the most important personalities in this era was Baron Marsilius Franz Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler (1674–1744), grandson of Caspar Lerch's second oldest daughter. Hostile because of his lavish court rulings and his debts, he became legendary through his long-standing quarrels with the authorities. In 1738 he had his alleged success immortalized on the new Michelstor - along with numerous inscriptions - in the form of a sculpture as his victorious fight with the devil , who, according to contemporary voices, bears the facial features of the mayor at the time. Above the side gate of the gate, which belongs to Sturmfeder Castle , there is also a stone “ Envy Head ”. The last bearer of the family name died in 1901.

Dirmstein owes its famous two-church St. Laurentius to an interdenominational cooperation between the Catholic Prince-Bishop of Worms and the Protestant Elector despite the termination of the condominium (see section Individual cultural monuments ). With this church building in the middle of the 18th century, a phase of prosperity in the place began that lasted for a good hundred years. From 1780 to 1801, only a century after the inferno in the Palatinate War of Succession, Dirmstein was even granted city rights, according to various sources.

Oberdorf 1746: contemporary map, south is on top

Oberdorf 1746: Model from the 20th century, made by local historian Arthur Maurer, south is above

A social problem grew out of the short-term operation of a ceramic manufactory which existed from 1778 to 1788 in the center of the upper village. There the Hochstift Worms had the so-called Dirmsteiner faience produced from the white earth that came from today's Erdekaut , the monastery-owned opencast mine in the northeastern Palatinate Forest, the few surviving specimens of which are coveted among collectors. As early as 1779, a few months after the start of production, the then mayor Johann Michael Graeff intrigued with false accusations against the manufacture manager and ceramic expert Johann Carl Vogelmann . He was then chased out of the village with his belongings and his wife and seven children, and Graeff took his place. However, he was so amateurish that the Hochstift removed him in 1782. But even under Graeff's successors, the company did not recover, so that the 20 to 30-strong workforce became impoverished, which culminated in strike-like events. Reasons for the end of the project in 1788 were the laborious procurement of raw materials over about 25 km through partly mountainous terrain and the difficulties in selling the finished products due to the numerous border duties.

French and Bavarian times

Map of the Département du Mont-Tonnerre with Durnestein

Kingdom of Bavaria with the Palatinate lion in the coat of arms

Towards the end of the 18th century, the turmoil of the French Revolution spread to the Electoral Palatinate. The areas on the left bank of the Rhine were incorporated into the French state from 1798 - initially de facto, officially from the Treaty of Lunéville in 1801 . In the process, Dirmstein's city rights that might have been acquired were lost again. Until the end of the Napoleonic era (1814), the annexed territories were administered as part of the canton of Grünstadt in the Département du Mont-Tonnerre ( French for Donnersberg ). The community is marked as Durnestein on a contemporary map .

At the Congress of Vienna (1815), together with the Palatinate on the left bank of the Rhine, Dirmstein was initially assigned to Austria and, on the basis of a state treaty, added to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816, the Wittelsbach rulers of which came from the Electoral Palatinate. The resulting Rhine district, which was later renamed the Rhine Palatinate , also to distinguish it from the Upper Palatinate , also in Bavaria , remained Bavarian until after the end of the Second World War. From 1818 to 1862 Dirmstein belonged to the Landkommissariat Frankenthal .

The rest of the 19th century was unspectacular. In place of the aristocrats expropriated by the French, there were “nouveau riche” members of the upper bourgeoisie, who expanded the castles and mansions they bought, enlarged existing parks and had new ones built. However, the majority of the villagers suffered from extreme poverty.

During the march for the Franco-Prussian War in 1870/71 , the Queen Elisabeth Guard Grenadier Regiment No. 3 was transported in a 65-hour train ride from Breslau to Mannheim , where it arrived on the night of July 31, 1870. From there it was to reach the French border near Saarbrücken in forced marches . On that day, on the outskirts of Dirmstein in the direction of Obersülzen, three grenadiers died of heat stroke . For two of them there are memorial stones on Obersülzer Strasse to this day .

emigration

The Palatinate, which was shaped by poverty and wars for centuries, lost many of its residents to foreign countries over the course of time. In Dirmstein, emigration affected Eastern and Southeastern Europe ( Galicia , Banat , Batschka ) to a very limited extent ; In contrast, the numbers of those who sought new happiness in America are considerable .

Initially, only individuals or families emigrated there, for example in 1708, 1742 and 1752. In the 19th century, a wave began that is recorded in the Dirmstein “emigration register”. This was kept very carefully for almost a hundred years, from 1812 to 1905, and after digital recording it contains 607 data records. After that, more than 1200 Dirmsteiners left their homeland between 1806 and 1905, mainly younger families with often many children. The last two entries concern Jews from Dirmstein who were still able to travel to Argentina in 1937 .

First World War

Dirmstein survived the First World War unscathed in terms of its building stock; meanwhile 53 dead were to be mourned.

National Socialism

→ Main article : List of stumbling blocks in Dirmstein

In 1933, at the beginning of the National Socialist era , 15 Jewish citizens and a so-called "second degree Jewish half-breed" lived in the village ; eleven of them belonged to the extended Hirsch family, whose head Salomon Hirsch, together with Adolf Liebmann, was also the community leader. The Liebmann family with their nine-year-old daughter managed to escape to Argentina in 1937. Frieda Hirsch also emigrated there in the same year, but had to leave her nine-year-old son David with his grandparents. The eight Jews who remained in Dirmstein in 1940 were deported to the Gurs concentration camp during the Wagner-Bürckel campaign . In 1941, David Hirsch, now 13 years old, as well as Elisabeth Klara Hirsch and her daughter Ella, who were largely related to him, were able to flee independently of one another in southern France. The two women emigrated to the USA, where Ella's older brother Julius had probably already emigrated in 1938. David Hirsch followed his mother to Argentina in 1947; In 2005 and 2009 he visited his school friend Arthur Maurer in Dirmstein, and in 2019 he died in Buenos Aires . The remaining displaced persons fell victim to the Holocaust ; they died in the concentration camp or are missing there.

Second World War

Among the inhabitants of Dirmstein there were 89 fallen and 41 missing soldiers during the Second World War. On March 20, 1945, planes of the Americans advancing towards the Rhine caused some bomb damage and on-board cannon hits on houses. The target were German soldiers who passed the place on the run and many of whom were killed, while there were no victims among the Dirmstein civilians.

In the context of World War II, two completely contrary stories deserve mention:

The former prisoner of war Stanisław Świątek (* 1920) from today's Polish city of Stettin , who had spent five years in Dirmstein from 1940 onwards, maintained a lifelong friendship with the village for more than half a century due to his positive experiences. He conveyed his views of international understanding to young compatriots whom he brought on visits. After the first visit, Albert H. Keil published a report about it in the Bad Dürkheim district's home yearbook; Jürgen Bich reported in the daily press.

2009: Stumbling block for the "English aviator"

On the other hand, on February 21, 1945, the 21-year-old British Air Force member Cyril William Sibley , who was wounded in captivity after being shot down , was murdered by the local group leader of the NSDAP , Adolf Wolfert . In 1946 the person responsible for Sibley's death and his accomplice were sentenced to death by a British military tribunal and six months later, after an unsuccessful appeal, were executed. In 1985, 2004 and 2008 the bloody act against Sibley found its literary processing by the authors Walter Landin and Isolde Stauder from Dirmstein .

post war period

Place name sign since the district reform in 1969

After the Second World War, the history of the place was relatively undramatic. The administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate in 1969 led to the change from the then-extinct Frankenthal (Pfalz) district to the new Bad Dürkheim district, and in 1972 it was assigned to the newly created community of Grünstadt-Land .

For at least some of the residents, the large-scale flooding of the residential area "North of Heuchelheimer Strasse", which had only opened ten years earlier, was more drastic on the night of June 26-27, 1994, when the Floßbach overflowed its banks after hours of thunderstorm rain . In 1996 the parish celebrated the 250th anniversary of the consecration of the Laurentius Church . On December 1, 1998, the petrol station at the northeast entrance to the village was so badly damaged by a truck that it had to be completely closed for a week and the building renovation was not completed until the spring. At the beginning of 2000 there was a major fire that ruined the only consumer market in town for months.

2009: The nine stumbling blocks for deported Jews

On November 23, 2005, the 1163th anniversary of the first documentary mention, the local chronicle was published after more than twenty years of preparatory work . In addition to the editor (Michael Martin, Landau, see the Personalities section ), who had organized the unusually rich community archive over many years, and a few other external experts from the St. Michael Dirmstein cultural association and numerous authors from the village worked on it.

In March 2009 the multi-day campaign “Dirmstein remembers” took place. The Cologne artist Gunter Demnig laid stumbling blocks for the victims of National Socialism ; eight bear the names of the Jews who were deported during the Wagner-Bürckel campaign in 1940, one honors a former Dirmstein Jewish woman who was exterminated from the Netherlands , one is dedicated to the murdered Englishman Sibley . Dirmstein-based authors Jürgen Bich, Albert H. Keil, Walter Landin and Otfried K. Linde organized the central historical-literary memorial evening .

Jürgen Schwerdt, Mayor from 2004 to 2009, resigned from the CDU on April 14, 2010, almost a year after his re-election failed, but retained his mandate on the local council as a non-attached party . After two years, in April 2012, the mandate was waived in favor of a successor, so that the CDU parliamentary group again had eight seats in the local council.

On January 1, 2018, Dirmstein moved to the newly created community of Leiningerland , which was created through the merger of the previous communities of Grünstadt-Land and Hettenleidelheim .

Place name

Development of the name
8th century	Díramestein	1st mention (undated)
842	Theormsthein or Thiormsthein	prop. well "Díermstein"
1044	Díermundestein
1110 and 1120	Díeremestein
1141	Díermestein
1196	Dirmenstein
12-15 Century	Dirmestein, Dirmenstein, Dirminstein
1315	Dirmstein	for the first time today's spelling
1529, 1602	Durmstein	Minor form
1561	Dirmbstein	Minor form
1582	Diermsteun	Minor form
Beginning 19th century	Durnestein	Misspelling

Taking into account the early forms in particular, science today interprets the place name as “Diermuntstein”, or “stone (house) des Diermunt”. Apparently a wealthy man here could have afforded to build his house more permanently from stone than from wood, which was common at the time. Since a polished shape was used when it was first mentioned in the 8th century, it can be assumed that Dirmstein had been a name term for at least a few generations at that time, which was already subject to modifications.

The place name developed over numerous variants, some of which are striking here: The village was first dated in 842 in a document signed by Frankish King Charles the Bald "in villa Theormsthein" or "Thiormsthein" . Since this document only exists in a copy from the 17th century, research assumes that an original "Díermstein" was transcribed according to the custom at the time . From 1110 comes a document from Provost Hartwig of St. Paul zu Worms , where the place is listed under the name "Díeremestein" . With another Worms document from 1196, Emperor Heinrich VI. the bailiwick over "Dirmenstein" the diocese of Worms. In 1315 the name "Dirmstein" was used for the first time in today's usual spelling. In the 16th century, minor forms were used in which the i was added to u , an additional b was inserted or the diphthong ei was rewritten to eu .

population

Population numbers

year	1682	1710	1771	1802	1815	1835	1871	1905
Residents	* 445	* 516	945	1,252	1,500	2,049	1,517	1,467
year	1939	1950	1961	1970	1986	2004	2005	2009
Residents	1,672	1.924	2,091	2,252	2,587	3,100	3,030	2,992

It was not until 1771 that the municipal archive had specific documents on the development of the population. The previously recorded data (* marked) are based on the valuation books and mean lower limits that are likely to be significantly too low because the non-taxpayers are missing.

The strong increase at the end of the 18th century is possibly due to the perspectives that the city was able to offer its citizens when the Dirmstein was valid from 1780 to 1801. The growth continued until the beginning of industrialization , which made itself felt in Dirmstein around the middle of the 19th century. However, emigration and rural exodus then led to a 100-year decline in the population, which was only replaced by a growth phase after the Second World War. This was still subdued until the 1980s, only to intensify then.

Since the 3000 population mark was exceeded in 1996, stagnation at the high level has been observed. The temporary decline (up to and including 2017) turned into a slight increase in 2018 to 3019. The causes were the new development area In den Nachtgärten on the eastern edge of the municipality, where a shopping market and residential houses were built, and the redevelopment area Alte Gärtnerei , on which a senior citizen center and a Residential complex were built.

age structure

Age group	1-9	10-19	20-29	30-39	40-49	50-59	60-69	70-79	80-89	90-99	all
Year 2002 (percent)	336 (11)	363 (12)	346 (11)	537 (18)	532 (17)	448 (15)	379 (12)	209 (7)	92 (3)	18 (0.6)	3,051 (100)
Year 1710 (percent)	205 (40)	70 (14)	62 (12)	83 (16)	61 (12)	21 (4)	13 (3)	1 (0.2)	-	-	516 (100)

The age structure of the local population is changing rapidly. In 1682 more than half of the population were children and young people up to 19 years of age. By 1850 their share had dropped to a good third, in 2003 it was still 21.5%. On the other hand, the number of over 40-year-olds grew from 19% in 1682 to 48.7% in 2003. In the tabular comparison of the years 1710 (however, as mentioned in the corresponding section , the population figures are based on the valuation book, so only concern taxpayers) and 2002 shows a clear shift in the effective numbers to the right towards older age as well as a certain leveling out between the middle decades.

This confirms the aging trend for Dirmstein too ; however, the values ​​of the national average from 1995 were only reached with an eight-year delay. The figures from 2002 also show that more than 3.5% of the population are old and very old, many of whom still live within the family group.

There are two facilities for elderly care on site. The Senioren-Lodge Dirmstein has been operated in Franz Rothermel's house since 2008 , which is a cultural monument in the center of the village and has ten residential units. In 2017, the Haus Maximilian senior citizens' residence opened in a three-part new building on the eastern edge of the community , with over 50 care places.

religion

South portal of the Laurentiuskirche

The first parish church of Dirmstein was in Niederdorf . It was built in the Romanesque period well before 1044 and probably on the initiative of a Worms bishop, because it was consecrated to the patron saint of the diocese of Worms, St. Peter . Due to several consistent sources, historians estimate their capacity at only about a hundred people, which also allows conclusions to be drawn about low population figures. The upper village had the Gothic chapel of St. Laurentius , first mentioned in 1240 , which was classified as a branch church. In the 14th century, the St. Antonius chapel in the cemetery in Niederdorf and the Spitalhof chapel St. Maria Magdalena in Oberdorf were added. These chapels are also an indication that the population did not require large churches.

The Laurentiuskapelle was converted into a reformed church in the 16th century . It became a ruin during the fire of 1689, it was replaced in the same place in 1742–46 by today's baroque two-church (see section Individual cultural monuments ), the Catholic part of which was again consecrated to St. Laurentius. Their capacity was sufficient for the entire village. That is why St. Peter's Church, which had become more and more dilapidated in the course of the 18th century, was auctioned off and demolished in 1809. When the cemetery was abandoned and moved after 1850, the Antonius Chapel was also demolished. The Spitalhof chapel has survived to this day, albeit profaned and rebuilt several times.

In 1367 a provost of the Augustinian order was founded in the north of the town center , and in 1500 a monastery immediately next to it , which was later operated by the Jesuit order . While the Augustinian monastery only existed until it was pillaged in the Peasants' War (1525, see section wartime ), the Jesuit monastery existed for 300 years. In the late Middle Ages, the monks had the sulphurous medicinal spring of the Chorbrünnels , which they used, set in stone northwest of the village; The original name was therefore "Chorherrnbronn" with reference to the Jesuits . Before it was taken over by regular pastors, the parish in Dirmstein was presumably looked after by the Jesuit priests for 200 years, even if only the last years from 1685 to 1705 are documented by preserved records. The Jesuit monastery was dissolved around 1800 as a result of the French Revolution and the resulting secularization .

Religious affiliation has been well documented over the past 250 years and has undergone major changes in terms of population proportions during this period.

Synagogue , converted into a residential building

The two-church built in 1746 with a base area ratio of 2: 1 in favor of the Catholic part shows that the Dirmstein population around the middle of the 18th century was 2/3 Catholic and 1/3 Protestant (mostly Reformed). But a good 50 years later (1802) only 56% Catholics were counted, but 40% Protestants. After 2000 there were 45.46% Protestants , 33.74% Catholics and 20.79% non-religious and non-religious.

From the first written record of a Jewish community (1464) to the beginning of the 20th century, the number of Jewish citizens was mostly a few dozen with a maximum of 129 in 1855. From 1738 at the latest, the Jewish community maintained a "Judenschuhl" , with which the vernacular referred to a prayer room in which religious instruction was also given. A formal synagogue existed from 1858 to January 1933. After the sale, the building was completely rebuilt several times, with only the original rear facade being preserved. The former function can no longer be seen in today's residential building. During the time of National Socialism , all Jews who were still living in Dirmstein in 1940 fell victim to the Holocaust (see section National Socialism ) with the exception of the three who were able to flee after their deportation.

politics

coat of arms

In the order of the Bad Dürkheim district administration from 2007, the blazon reads :

“The coat of arms of the municipality Dirmstein is divided and at the top split by black and blue, at the top right a red armored and tongued golden lion , at the top left in a field sprinkled with golden crosses a slanted silver key with the beard turned upwards , at the bottom a red key -silver cloud mist . "

coat of arms

Electoral Palatinate

Hochstift

The Palatinate lion on the one hand and the key as a sign of the office of bishop and as an attribute of St. Petrus symbolize the rule that was divided for three centuries by the Electoral Palatinate and the bishopric of Worms , whose patron is St. Petrus. The Wolkenfeh shows three complete and two cut silver-colored helmets on a red background , which are the "iron hats" of the local lower aristocrats. That Dirmstein never belonged to the most important noble family of the region, the Leininger , is confirmed by the absence of the Leininger eagle.

In regional literature, the red background of the helmets is sometimes misinterpreted as "roof tiles". In addition, there was irritation that the Great Book of Arms of the Palatinate, which is considered the official register of coats of arms, contains a partially officially used version of the Dirmstein coat of arms, in which the iron hats in the lower row are swapped in color with the background. As a result, the harmonious alternation of silver and red fields, which is common in heraldry, is disturbed, the lower helmets are upside down, and two helmets collide twice. An expert opinion obtained at the request of the municipality in 2007 showed that the version shown in the Great Book of Arms of the Palatinate is incorrect and does not correspond to the historical model. Therefore, the cited order of the district administration was subsequently issued.

Municipal council

The town hall:
Sturmfedersches Schloss

The municipal council in Dirmstein consists of 20 council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the honorary local mayor as chairman.

The distribution of seats in the municipal council:

choice	SPD	CDU	FWG	total
2019	5	6th	9	20 seats
2014	4th	7th	9	20 seats
2009	5	8th	7th	20 seats
2004	5	11	4th	20 seats

• FWG = Free Voting Group Dirmstein e. V.

mayor

The list of mayors since the Thirty Years' War is not yet complete, but has few gaps and ambiguities.

Mayor from 1900 time mayor Political party 2009–0000 Bernd Eberle FWG 2004-2009 Jürgen Schwerdt CDU 1994-2004 Werner Sauer CDU 1986-1994 Friedrich Raster SPD 1964-1986 Erich Otto FWG 0000-1964 Philipp Hartmüller David Fischer around 1950 Roland Bengel 1945 Mattern 1943-1945 Philipp Neuschäfer NSDAP 1941-1943 Karl locks NSDAP 1937-1941 Heinrich Koerber NSDAP 1933-1937 Johann (Hans) Karl Becker NSDAP 1924-1931 Richard Römer 1900-1924 Albert Römer

Mayor until 1900 time mayor 1894– (1900?) Karl Witt 1884-1893 Dr. med. Heinrich Bennighof 1874– (1884?) Abraham Janson 1868-1874 Gideon from Camuzi around 1863 Johann Roos around 1848 Christian Janson around 1835/41 Roland Stocké I. around 1833 Hartmuller around 1823/25 Jacob Janson 1801-1815 Joseph of Camuzi 1793– (1801?) Stephan Graeff 1792-1793 Philipp Roos 1784-1792 Johann Michael Graeff 0000-1782 Johann Michael Graeff around 1772 Christian Sartor 0000-1761 Johann Grothe around 1749/52 Georg Mappes around 1741 Boetty around 1717/37 Andres Einsel (s) around 1671/72 Daniel Deimel / Deimling around 1652 Hans Conrad Winter

Bernd Eberle was last confirmed in his office in the local elections on May 26, 2019 with a share of 50.17% of the votes.

Sights and culture

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Dirmstein

Monument zones

"View of Dirmstein in the Palatinate and the von Camuzi'schen Castle" , painting by Louis Coblitz , 1862

The basement garden, which has been restored as a landscape park , and the historic core of the upper village represent homogeneous monument zones . a. from Mitteltor, Affenstein, Laumersheimer Strasse, Herrengasse, Kirchenstrasse and Metzgergasse; at the Obertor and with the palace gardens, it extends a little further. The townscape is largely closed in this area and is primarily determined by the late baroque development of the decades after the three-day conflagration in the Palatinate War of Succession. It gives the impression of a prosperous village, which is characterized by buildings of the nobility and the upper bourgeoisie and which was able to preserve its structure even after the turmoil of the French Revolution.

Moreover, the almost intact received three palatial mansions give the tradition of the Middle Ages by the noble families jointly dominated town. The two English Gardens in the north-west and south of the upper village are also unique in their close proximity to one another . The two-church from 1746 asserts a claim that is architecturally at least equal to the aristocratic buildings ; with its tower dating from the Middle Ages and elevated in 1904, it represents the structural center of the community on the one hand, and on the other hand reflects the religious conditions of the place, which was administered as an Electoral-Wormsian condominium for three centuries. Together with the former hospital chapel to the west, the church forms a homogeneous assembly.

Typical intermediary for the prosperity Civil and rural development within the monument zone are the hipped roof building with truss structures on brick ground floors that characterize especially the internal site. With structuring elements such as house stone pilasters , some of the houses are clearly modeled on the manorial buildings; the impeccable execution proves the craftsmanship of the stonemasons in the area. The two and three-sided farmsteads on Affenstein, on Hauptstrasse and in the eastern section of Metzgergasse, on the other hand, tell of the less affluent classes of the population.

A noticeable gap in the growing development arose when the building of the former Episcopal-Worms faience factory was demolished in the 1960s on the corner of Marktstrasse and Metzgergasse on the north side of Schlossplatz. The factory property originated as Reigerspergischer Hof from 1592; it had survived the burning down of the village in 1689 and was the oldest building in the village until it was demolished. Because the block of flats originally intended as a replacement was never built, a contourless, largely graveled parking area was created.

All 58 cultural monuments of the municipality are included in the corresponding list .

Individual cultural monuments

Laurentiuskirche

"Oldest house" by Dirmstein

The baroque Laurentiuskirche was built from 1742 as a two-church by Franz Rothermel according to the locally modified designs of the builder Balthasar Neumann ; The Catholic part of the church was consecrated in 1746 and the Protestant part of the church a year later. The built in 1900 and renovated in 1986 Voit - Organ in the Catholic part attracts connoisseurs from far away; Even the older instrument in the Protestant section, which has a Walcker factory built in 1869 , has a good reputation among experts.

The “oldest house” in Dirmstein is on the corner of Metzger- and Salzgasse . It bears the carved date of 1596. In 1689, with only five or six other buildings, it survived the French burning down the place; it is the only one that survived to this day. It was restored around the turn of the millennium with the help of the preservation authorities.

The Sturmfedersche and Koeth-Wanscheidsche Schloss were castle-like mansions of the aristocratic Sturmfeder and Koeth-Wanscheid families and have recently been restored.

There are hardly any original remains from the two monasteries of the Augustinians and the Jesuits, which lay next to each other in the north of the town center. Quadtsche Castle was later built on the site of the Augustinian monastery . At the beginning of the 19th century , the Jesuit monastery was converted into a manor after being profaned , the so-called Jesuitenhof ; a winery of the same name is operated in it. The main building was structurally changed several times, only a few outbuildings are originally preserved.

Opposite the church in the Spitalhof , which used to be a hospice and to which the Gothic- style chapel of St. Maria Magdalena , which is now profaned, belongs, is now the community kindergarten.

The house at Marktstrasse 1 was built in the early 18th century as a stone and half-timbered building. In 2006, the owners were awarded the Balthasar Neumann Prize by the St. Michael Dirmstein Cultural Association for the exemplary renovation . The St. Michael Pharmacy was also built as a half-timbered building in the early 18th century. The previous building from the Middle Ages contained the knight's hall , in which the local aristocrats, who were part of an inheritance , held their meetings. The old town hall from 1714 is used as the “house of the clubs” that restored the building on a voluntary basis.

Bakehouse

Café Kempf with a Madonna figure

Marktstrasse, the southern part of which is 80 m long as “Germany's smallest pedestrian zone ”, runs between Sturmfeder Castle and the Hotel Café Kempf, which - which emerged from a winegrower's house in 1926 and is known in the area as “das Kempf” - is back after complete renovation occupies its former place as the largest gastronomic establishment on site and as a visual eye-catcher. The listed Madonna statue from the 18th century belonging to the front guest room is currently relocated. Around the corner, at the entrance to Herrengasse, the former bakery , which had been converted into a wine bar , acted as a small counterpart to Café Kempf ; after a wintry water damage it stands empty. The youngest of the leading restaurants in the area was the Roosmarin , which was set up in an old winegrower's house in the Niederdorf in 2006 and whose name was derived from the spice and the name of the operating family; this ceased operations in 2015.

The “fencing school” , a classical building, is located south of the town center on the edge of the cellar garden. A previous building, the "Burg" , was Caspar Lerch's house from 1602. The state fencing school of the Southwest German Fencing Association has been operating there for several decades ; The current name has developed from this use. A special feature, also on the grounds of the cellar garden, is the former "Countess von Brühl's bath house" , whose princely bathtub now stands as an oversized flower pot in the front garden.

The Episcopal Castle , formerly the administrative and summer residence of the Prince-Bishop of Worms, near the eastern edge of the town, is the oldest, at least partially preserved, Dirmstein Castle. However, there are only a few original remains of him - on the site of what is today a farm.

For centuries there were two mills in the village that were operated with the water from the Eckbach. The Niedermühle in the far east was converted into an estate in the 19th century, which is kept in late classicist style. The Spormühle in the south-west of the village, which is largely from the Middle Ages, was used as a country hotel for years. Since 2015 the property has been rebuilt and renovated to serve as the headquarters of a sponsorship and event agency.

English gardens, cemeteries and natural monuments

→ Main article : List of natural monuments in Dirmstein

Chapel in the New Cemetery

The palace park , laid out in the style of an English landscape garden and renovated at the turn of the millennium, enables events primarily of a musical nature. It was planned from 1824 by the landscape architect Johann Christian Metzger . The restoration of the cave located in the park and dating from 1840 lasted from 2009 to 2012 . Butcher's colleague Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell was responsible for the now also renovated basement garden, another of the seven English gardens on site .

The above-mentioned early medieval burial grounds were about 300 m north and northwest of the confluence of the Eckbach and Floßbach rivers and thus not far from the area where the Niederdorf later emerged. However, they cannot yet be viewed as organized cemeteries .

Initially, the place had its cemetery in the east of the community, in Niederdorf near the Episcopal Palace and immediately next to St. Peter's Church, which was demolished in 1809 because of dilapidation. It has not been used since the 1850s. The most famous grave there is that of the doctor Johann von Hubertus .

The new cemetery in the north, which was put into use shortly after the middle of the 19th century , a little higher in the area of ​​the watershed between Eckbach and Floßbach, was originally 400 m outside the village. The residential development has spread towards him over time. Numerous culturally and historically valuable gravestones from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries were taken over from the old cemetery and placed here. The chapel, in which part of the original frescoes has been restored, is a classicist complex with a rectangular floor plan from the opening time and houses the crypt of the noble Camuzi family , who donated the chapel.

Loess wall on Obersülzer Strasse

The area between the southern tip of the basement garden and the Eckbach is taken up by the "fat tree" , an approximately two hundred year old plane tree . With a trunk circumference of about 6 and a height of more than 20 m, the mighty tree is a natural monument .

In the area of ​​the northwestern exit of the town (Obersülzer Straße) there are steep loess walls facing south , which represent a biotope for numerous types of heat-loving insects , such as B. for solitary wild bees and digger wasps . Various bird species also dig their nesting holes here ; Common swifts breed regularly, the occurrence of bee-eaters has meanwhile been confirmed. Six breeding pairs were detected in 2016.

The Chorbrünnel circular route in the north-west of the Dirmstein district connects the Wörschberger Hohl , a hollow path also marked by loess walls , with the Chorbrünnel . This small well is fed by a sulphurous spring whose water has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. The spring was set in stone by the local Jesuits. With reference to this, the green signs for the circular route show an orange-yellow stone arcade with the blue symbol of a fountain.

The Eckbach-Mühlenwanderweg , marked with rustic wooden boards, leads from Dirmstein upstream over 23 km to Hertlingshausen and connects nine picturesque villages, the Eckbachweiher and the 20-tube fountain . It enables movement in the great outdoors and is also worth a visit for mill lovers because of the 23 partially restored mills .

Events

Venues

The numerous local clubs give the place a well-filled calendar. Above all, the St. Michael Dirmstein cultural association is active in many areas and invites you to performances by its historical dance group, to literary evenings and to music in the palace gardens. Since 2015, larger events have been taking place in the festival hall at the basement garden south of the Laurentiuskirche on the edge of the town center. The new festival hall, which has seating for a good 300 visitors and can accommodate 600 people for receptions without seating, was built in place of the Unterhaardter festival hall , which was demolished in 2014 due to dilapidation . The Eux-Stocké Council Chamber in Sturmfeder's Castle is available for events with a maximum of 80-100 visitors , and the Laurentius Church with its two historical instruments, the Voit organ from 1900 in the Catholic part of the church and the Walcker organ , is particularly suitable for organ music from 1869 in the Protestant.

Concerts

Castle Park

In the Council Chamber, where a historic Bechstein - wing is available, concerts. The Laurentius Church is one of the venues for the Franco-German concert series "Printemps Rhénan - Rhenish Spring".

An annual open-air gala from the “ Palatia jazz ” series takes place in the palace gardens , at which, for example, the original Blues Brothers band , Branford Marsalis and Cassandra Wilson have performed.

Felix Hell , the concert organist who was born in Frankenthal and now lives in the USA, returns to Dirmstein every turn of the year to give a New Year's Eve concert in the Laurentius Church.

Literature readings

In Dirmstein a variant of the Vorderpfälzischen is spoken, which belongs to the Palatinate dialect groups . The cultural cultivation of the dialect is very important in the place; Several authors who were born or settled here have been winners of the Palatinate dialect poetry competitions for years and regularly organize readings in the council chamber. There are also events there that deal with High German literature.

Folk festivals

The Dirmsteiner fair every year on the 2nd weekend in September with a Sunday parade and the Bavarian Beer Festival every two years on the 1st weekend in August together with the Bavarian partner community Neuötting ensure that the arched paved castle square as well as the wine bars and winegrowers are densely populated. The castle park festival , which is occasionally held in midsummer and later the wine festival in the park , has also proven to be a crowd puller.

education and parenting

Kindergartens

The community has the Catholic kindergarten “St. Laurentius ” and the municipal day care center “ Himmelszelt ” . Both have two groups and all-day places. Four two-year-olds can also be accommodated in the “sky tent”.

Elementary school and sports hall

Dirmstein is the location of a two-class elementary school that offers all-day care. There is an all-purpose sports hall next to the school , which is also available for regional events.

music school

The Sturmfedersche Schloss houses the only branch of the Leiningerland Music School , which is based in Grünstadt.

Youth room

With considerable commitment from the Dirmstein youth community, which belongs to the Bund der Deutschen Landjugend (German Youth Association ), a youth room was created in 1997/98 in the old town hall , which is furnished like an internet café . In addition to leisure activities that are possible individually and collectively, work is done there for the community; So a volunteer team of interested young people designed the website of the community for several years.

Adult education

Education for adults is offered by the local adult education center , which is integrated into the Bad Dürkheim district adult education center . Classrooms are located in the Sturmfederschen Schloss, among other places.

Public library

The central public library for the former community of Grünstadt-Land is located in Sturmfeder Castle .

Sports

Fencing school

Six sports clubs offer the opportunity to do this:

fencing

The FC Dirmstein manages the country's fencing school of the Southwest German Fencing Federation . It is operated on the site of the former residential property of Caspar Lerch am Kellergarten.

Football and gymnastics

The TuS Dirmstein 1946 was 2,006 491 members. He maintains soccer teams for young people, active players and AH ("old men") and also offers gymnastics for women. Its sports facilities and clubhouse are located on the southern edge of the village.

Soccer golf

The 1st German Football Golf Club Dirmstein was founded in 2006 as the first German sports club to deal with the trend sport of soccer or football golf . The association had 60 members in 2015. In the south of the village, a 6 hectare area is designated as a Soccerpark Dirmstein ; In 2008 it was the only such place in Germany. On July 19, 2009, the Soccerpark Dirmstein - on the weekend in question, the first European championship in the new sport took place there - was the “place of the day” for the initiative Germany - Land of Ideas . So far, two world championships (2007, 2011) and two European championships (2009, 2010) have been held on the site, members of the operating club have won eight world and one European titles in addition to several German championships.

tennis

The Grün-Weiss Dirmstein tennis club was founded in 1979 and had 230 members in 2006. He has a tennis facility with four clay courts and the club bar on the southern edge of the village .

Table tennis

The TTC Dirmstein was founded in 1997 and had 65 members in 2006. He maintains three men's table tennis teams and one school team.

Gymnastics - games - gymnastics

The sports club TSG Dirmstein 1986 had 604 members in 2013. He has a wide range of gymnastics , fitness , aerobics, etc. like

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic trends

Entrance

After the Second World War, Dirmstein developed from a purely agricultural community to a place in which both agriculture - and especially viticulture - and services are on an equal footing. Today there are more than 200 registered businesses. These are all medium-sized , large companies are completely absent. That is why many Dirmstein residents commute to other places, which is less difficult than in structurally weaker areas due to the very dense economic interdependence in the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region . The workplaces are usually within a 5 to 25 km radius.

Dirmstein has also opened up to tourism since the 1960s . The place was initially advertised as the "Pearl of Unterhaardt", from 1972 as the "Pearl of the Leiningerland ". After the local council had subsequently approved the mayor's slogan “Pearl between Worms and Weinstrasse ” in 2005, this decision was revised in 2009; Dirmstein advertises again with the "Pearl of the Leiningerland". In 2006 a private investor opened the Soccerpark Dirmstein on the southern outskirts , which quickly became an important economic factor in the community.

Viticulture

Wine press, replica 1984

Wine has been grown in the Vorderpfalz since Roman times , and Dirmstein viticulture was first mentioned in a document in 1141. The sunny climate of the Leiningerland also favors the production of quality and predicate wines in Dirmstein .

As of 2012, around 3.36 of the 14.67 km² area of ​​the town (the equivalent of 336 hectares) are planted with vines , 181 hectares with white and 155 hectares with red varieties . The most commonly grown grape varieties are Riesling (65 hectares), Dornfelder (50 hectares) and Portugieser (48 hectares); numerous other varieties are cultivated on smaller areas. Since 2003, a local winery has been successfully cultivating the yellow Muscat grape , which originally comes from Asia Minor and is actually considered to be a warmth-loving Mediterranean plant. A total of 44 winegrowers from Dirmstein and an equal number of foreigners are active in the village.

Dirmstein's previously numerous small vineyards have now been combined into three individual locations: Herrgottsacker (155.2 hectares, from north to east to south), Almond Path (152.5 hectares, in the west and northwest) and Jesuitenhofgarten . This, a slope inclined slightly to the south, is located north of the town center within the residential area and is quite small with only 5.5 hectares. All Dirmsteiner vineyards belong to the black earth area .

Dirmsteiner winemakers successfully take part in awards: In 2011 a local winery received a grape in Gault-Millau as an excellent wine producer , in 2012 a Dirmsteiner Riesling was classified among the 100 best wines in the world , and in 2013 48 local wines won official awards.

On the edge of the southern church square there is a large wooden wine press , which was rebuilt in 1984 by the Dirmstein master cooper Emil Steigner to function.

Other branches of industry

Almond blossom in Dirmstein

In addition to viticulture, the cultivation of fruit , especially apples , is of some importance in Dirmstein ; The fruits are mainly used to make fruit brandies. Almonds and figs , on the other hand, are of little economic relevance. A typical vegetable of the season is asparagus , which is grown in the flatter eastern district of Dirmstein. There are predominantly grain and potato fields . A branch of the German Grumbeer- und Gemüsestraße leads through the community from the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis , which is immediately adjacent to the east and which is nicknamed "Germany's Vegetable Garden" .

traffic

Road traffic

Dirmstein is not accessed via Autobahn 6 ( Mannheim - Saarbrücken ), which runs 1 km to the south , but via Landesstrasse  453, which runs roughly parallel to this Autobahn and connects Frankenthal (in the east) with Grünstadt (in the west). On the outskirts of the two cities there are also the next connection points, 22 Frankenthal-Nord and 19 Grünstadt . Landesstraße 455 connects to the southwest with the small town of Freinsheim, and to the north via Offstein with the district of Alzey-Worms . The county road  24 runs south to the neighboring Gerolsheim . There is no direct connection to Autobahn 61 ( Koblenz –Speyer), which crosses the A 6 2 km southeast of the town at the Frankenthal motorway junction .

The lack of a direct connection to the motorway network, which was made permanent by the local council in 2011, causes a high volume of vehicles through the town. Structural measures, which were carried out at two points on Landesstraße 453 at the end of the 1990s, were able to partially alleviate the problem of driving too high in urban areas.

You can get to the train stations Grünstadt (approx. 7 km) and Frankenthal (approx. 10 km) from Dirmstein practically every hour via two bus lines of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN). For the late evening and night there has been a call taxi line from and to the train stations in Frankenthal and Kirchheim (Weinstrasse) since September 2006 , which can also be used with VRN tickets.

Rail transport

Dirmstein no longer has a rail connection. For almost half a century, the place was on the local railway , a single-track narrow - gauge line (1000 mm). From July 1, 1891, this led from Frankenthaler Bahnhof, where the connection to the Reichsbahn was made, westwards via Heßheim and Dirmstein to Großkarlbach . The train stations, built in the same architectural style - red-brown brick buildings - are still partially preserved today, including in Dirmstein, and are used for residential purposes. In addition to the old train station , the “Bahnhofstrasse” and “Lokalbahnstrasse” are reminiscent of the line that was closed on May 14, 1939.

energy

On the eastern slope of the Stahlberg in the northeast of the Dirmstein district, two wind turbines have been working since 2011 , which are included in the directly adjacent wind farm in the neighboring communities of Heuchelheim and Großniedesheim , which also includes eleven properties. A second priority area - in Gewanne Kranichsweide 1.5 km northwest of the residential development - with five systems was under discussion, but in a public survey in autumn 2013 two thirds of the residents who voted were against further wind farms.

media

The local edition Frankenthal (Frankenthaler Zeitung) of the daily newspaper Die Rheinpfalz applies to the place . The official gazette of the community of Leiningerland appears weekly , and advertising papers - from Frankenthal and Grünstadt - are distributed. Since the 1980s, the local division of a party has published the local newspaper De Michel at irregular intervals ; the Palatine title refers on the one hand with respect to the Michelstor as one of the landmarks of the village, on the other hand, he associates the German Michel as little criticism joyful citizens.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Eux Stocke (* 1895 in Dirmstein, † 1992 in Rödental ), entrepreneur and patron, was made an honorary citizen in 1976. The Eux Stocke Council Chamber is dedicated to him.
• Erich Otto (born September 26, 1921 in Dirmstein; † June 1, 1992 ibid), mayor 1964–86, was made an honorary citizen in 1997. The Erich-Otto-Weg is dedicated to him.

Sons and daughters of the church

• Caspar Lerch II. (* After 1480; † August 7 or 17, 1548), grandfather of Caspar Lerch IV, was a supporter of the rebellious knight Franz von Sickingen in 1523 and, through the expansion of the Spitalhof, was the founder of today's Dirmstein Hospital Foundation in 1539 .
• Caspar Lerch IV. (Born December 13, 1575 - † April 17, 1642 in Mainz ), grandson of Caspar Lerch II., Was treasurer of the Bishop of Speyer, Elector of Mainz bailiff in Tauberbischofsheim and director of the knighthood of the Upper Rhine . A street in the village is named after him.
• Anna Lerch von Dirmstein (born November 11, 1580, † September 11, 1660 in Kitzingen ), sister of Caspar Lerch IV., Was abbess of the Benedictine nuns in Rupertsberg Monastery and in 1631 preserved the relics of St. Hildegard von Bingen before the annihilation.
• Bernhard Betz (1746–1815), Catholic priest, was the last dean of the Worms Martinsstift and then vicar general of the diocese of Mainz .
• Johann Hubertus (born December 10, 1752; † March 4, 1828), surgeon, was professor of medicine at the Joseph Academy in Vienna and personal physician to the Austrian Archduke Karl in Brussels .
• Franz Balthasar Hubertus (born April 19, 1766; † April 9, 1832 in Pressburg ) was, like his brother Johann, a doctor in Austria.
• Franziska Louise Johanna von Rudhart (* 1807; † 1887 in Wang / Upper Bavaria ), sister of Gideon von Camuzi , married Ignaz von Rudhart in 1829 , who was appointed Prime Minister of Greece as Bavarian State Councilor in 1837 after Otto the Wittelsbacher became king there in 1832 .
• Henriette Countess von Brühl (born May 26, 1808; † April 30, 1883 in Baden-Baden ), sister of Gideon von Camuzi, was the namesake of the Countess von Brühl's bathhouse . According to her which is off-Brühl street named.
• Joseph Bihn (born January 2, 1822, † August 17, 1893 in Tiffin / Ohio ), great-great-grandson of Franz Rothermel (see section Other personalities ), Catholic priest, was the founder of the order in the USA.
• Adolf Römer (born September 21, 1843; † April 27, 1913 in Erlangen ), Professor of Classical Philology at the University of Erlangen, was a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences.
• Friedrich Streiff (* October 16, 1846; † August 5, 1920), master carpenter, was a draftsman of contemporary views of Dirmstein.
• Friedrich Bengel (born October 6, 1892; † August 23, 1985), NCO, was awarded the Bavarian Medal of Bravery in the First World War for preventing an explosion.
• Adolf Wolfert (born June 12, 1901, † October 11, 1946 in Hameln ), local group leader of the NSDAP, murdered a downed British aviator shortly before the end of World War II and was executed for it a year later.
• Alice Mendel (born September 28, 1903 as Alice Weil ; † November 9, 1993 in Leeds ), a Jewish teacher in Coburg , fled to England via Switzerland during the National Socialist era.
• Arthur Maurer (born April 19, 1929) is a local researcher and initiator and honorary chairman of the St. Michael Dirmstein cultural association. In 2009 he was awarded the Rhineland-Palatinate badge of honor .
• Josef Schmitt (born June 11, 1929 - † September 6, 1995) was a Palatinate painter.
• Alexander Schroth (born February 6, 1934; † November 18, 2011 in Mannheim) was a Palatinate dialect poet and twice (1995 and 2000) won the Palatinate dialect poet contest in Bockenheim.
• Walter Landin (born May 29, 1952) is a Palatinate dialect poet, crime novel and playwright.

Other personalities

Personalities not born in Dirmstein, but connected with the community:

Dirmstein 1862, painting by Louis Coblitz

• Jürgen Bich (born February 8, 1947 in Leutkirch ; † April 29, 2009) was a correspondent for the Rheinpfalz for 34 years and in 1996 founding chairman of the St. Michael Dirmstein cultural association.
• Gideon von Camuzi (1799–1879), landowner, was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1843 to 1845 and mayor from 1868 to 1874.
• Joseph von Camuzi (1767-1828), landowner and Gideon's father, was mayor from 1801 to 1815 and from 1816 a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Kingdom of Bavaria.
• Louis Coblitz (1814–1863) was a genre painter who primarily painted views of the palace gardens in Dirmstein on behalf of Gideon von Camuzis .
• Karl Dillinger (1882–1941), painter and art teacher, died in Dirmstein.
• Lydia Hauenschild (* 1957), author, lived in Dirmstein from 1986 to 2016.
• Jakob von Helmstatt (≈1500–1560), as an electoral Palatinate bailiff, lived in house no. 46 in Vordergasse “with a bay window and six columns”.
• Johann Jakob Hemmer (1733–1790), natural scientist and linguist, taught as a private tutor with the Dirmstein aristocratic family Sturmfeder before he was given access to the Mannheim court of Elector Carl Theodor .
• David Hirsch (born May 15, 1928 in Mainz ; † March 2019 in Buenos Aires ), Jew, grew up in Dirmstein. During the Nazi era, he was deported to southern France at the age of twelve and fled from there to Switzerland. Living in Argentina since 1947, he made contact with his home parish around 2000 and then visited them several times, in 2009 on the occasion of the laying of the stumbling block.
• Albert H. Keil (born July 1, 1947 in Mußbach an der Weinstrasse ), Palatinate dialect poet , literary prize winner and four-time winner of Palatinate dialect competitions , lived in Dirmstein from 1992 to 2020.
• Friedrich Klingmann (1874–1947), agricultural councilor, oenologist and grapevine grower, founded the Dirmstein grape refinement institute in 1924 , which was later renamed the Viticulture Research Institute . The community dedicated the Rat-Klingmann-Weg to him.
• Rüdiger Kramer (* 1953 in Frankenthal), dialect author and writer, winner of the Frankenthal City Theater Prize 2007, lives in Dirmstein.
• Otfried K. Linde (1932–2019), psychiatric and scientific author, co-editor of a documentary on crimes against psychiatric patients in the Third Reich, lived in Dirmstein until 2012.
• Michael Martin (born June 1, 1947 in Baden-Baden ), who holds a doctorate from Landau's city ​​archivist , organized the Dirmstein municipal archive over many years and published the local history in 2005.
• Balthasar Neumann (1687–1753) was the court architect and drew the first two building plans for the Laurentius Church in 1740/41.
• Andrea Odermann b. Schmitt (born March 26, 1974 in Grünstadt ) grew up in Dirmstein and was wine countess of the Leiningerland in 1994/95 and Palatinate wine princess in 1995/96.
• Balthasar Nick (1678–1749), master builder, father-in-law of the church builder Franz Rothermel, founded a construction company in Dirmstein.
• Walter Perron (1895–1970), painter and sculptor, lived temporarily in Dirmstein and around 1950 provided a 19th-century garden pavilion there with sgraffiti . The renovation of the pavilion began in 2006 and was completed in 2013.
  

  Pavilion in the Jesuitenhof garden decorated by Walter Perron
• Sigismund Ranqué (* 1743 in Ballenberg, today Ravenstein ; † 1795), composer and probably a student of Ignaz Holzbauer , was schoolmaster and organist in Dirmstein from 1764.
• Helmut Ried (* 1936 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein ), painter, lives in Dirmstein.
• Wolfgang Wilhelm von Rießmann, Baden-Durlach court advisor and owner of Koeth-Wanscheid Castle , was the main sponsor of furnishing the Protestant part of the Laurentius Church, which was inaugurated in 1747 . The community dedicated Hofrat-Rießmann-Strasse to him.
• Cornelia Röper (* 1990), social entrepreneur, lived in Dirmstein since she was eight.
• Franz Rothermel (1690 / 91–1759), master builder, as the son-in-law of Balthasar Nick, was the contractor in charge of the construction of the Laurentius Church (1742–46); The third and final floor plan also comes from him. His house , built in the 1730s, was restored from 2006 to 2008.
• Dieter Sarreither (* 1951), mathematician and economist, President of the Federal Statistical Office and Federal Returning Officer since 2015, grew up in Dirmstein.
• Friedrich Schenck (1790–1868), Hessian court judge and hobby painter, created several watercolors in 1866 with views of Sturmfeder's basement garden, which served as a template for the park restoration (2006–2009).
• Franz Georg von Schönborn (1682–1756), Imperial Count, Elector, Prince-Bishop of Trier and Worms, had the Laurentius Church built at his summer residence in Dirmstein. It is the Graf-Schönborn-Straße dedicated.
• Georg von Schönenberg (1530–1595), Prince-Bishop of Worms, ran his official business from the Episcopal Castle Dirmstein in the summer.
• Cyril William Sibley (1923–1945), sergeant in the Royal Air Force, was the victim of an air murder in Dirmstein shortly before the end of World War II. In 2009 a stumbling block was dedicated to him.
• Erwin Spuler (1906–1964), painter, ceramicist, draftsman, graphic artist, lived for several years in Dirmstein, where his mother Emma Bengel was from.
• Emil Steigner (1908–2001), master cooper in Dirmstein, tried to preserve craft and cultural traditions and built a large wooden wine press true to the original , which is set up on the edge of the church square.
• Carl Theodor Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler (1748–1799), baron, great-great-grandson of Caspar Lerch IV, rebuilt Sturmfedersche Castle, named after his family, around 1780 and around 1790 commissioned Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell to redesign the cellar garden into a landscape park.
• Marsilius Franz Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler (1674–1744), baron, great-grandson of Caspar Lerch IV, had the Sturmfedersche Castle, named after his family, expanded and the Michel Gate built in the 1730s.
• Stanisław Świątek (* 1920, date of death unknown) from today's Polish city of Stettin was a prisoner of war in Dirmstein from 1940 to 1945 and, thanks to his positive experiences, maintained a lifelong friendship with the village.
• Jakob von Tullian (1672-1729) was Episcopal Wormsischer bailiff in Dirmstein; his stone tomb was moved from the old to the new cemetery and is preserved there.

literature

• Municipality of Dirmstein (ed.): Dirmstein, pearl of Unterhaardt . Pictures from past decades. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1984 (without ISBN).
• Dirmstein municipality (ed.): "Dirmstein remembers" - days of remembrance of the victims of National Socialism . Editor: Albert H. Keil. Dirmstein 2009 ( online [PDF; 333 kB ]).
• Georg Peter Karn, Ulrike Weber (arrangement): Bad Dürkheim district. City of Grünstadt, Union communities Freinsheim, Grünstadt-Land and Hettenleidelheim (=  cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.2 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2006, ISBN 3-88462-215-3 .
• Albert H. Keil: "Friends call me Stani" . Report. In: Bad Dürkheim district (Hrsg.): Heimatjahrbuch 1996 . Verlag H. Englram, Haßloch 1995, ISBN 3-926775-13-0 .
• Walter Landin : When grass grows first . Stories (=  author forum ). Palatinate Publishing House, Landau 1985, ISBN 3-87629-088-0 .
• Walter Landin: Anton Kocher and the English aviator . In: Lilo Beil, Walter Landin, Wolfgang Ohler (eds.): Murderous Palatinate (=  Kurpfalz-Krimis, Volume 4 ). Wellhöfer Verlag, Mannheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-939540-21-2 .
• Michael Martin (ed.): Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. Self-published by the Foundation for the Promotion of Palatinate Historical Research , Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 2005, ISBN 3-9808304-6-2 .
• Isolde Stauder: Where the village comes to an end . An authentic story. Summer printing and publishing, Grünstadt 2004.
• Marie-Christine Werner: The English aviator. The murder of Cyril William Sibley . Mainz 2001 (typescript of the radio broadcast by Südwestrundfunk from February 10, 2001, 9:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.).
• Literature about Dirmstein in the Rhineland-Palatinate state bibliography

Web links

Commons : Dirmstein  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Dürmstein in the Topographia Palatinatus Rheni (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Local portrait on the website of the Verbandsgemeinde
• Utz Kastenholz: State Show Rhineland-Palatinate - Dirmstein. A portrait of the place. SWR television , accessed on November 21, 2010 (broadcast on November 19, 2010, 6:55 pm). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Note: The names Oberdorf and Niederdorf for the two settlement centers of the municipality derive from the location above and below at the Eckbach , which flows through Dirmstein from west to east.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Martin Armgart: First mentions and place name . Dirmstein and his writers. In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 42 .
4. ^ ^{A b} Georg Peter Karn, Ulrike Weber: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate . 2006.
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e} General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Michael Martin: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . In: Chronicle of the Dirmstein community . 2005, p. 157 .
7. ↑ Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
8. ↑ Solution found for flood in Lokalbahnstraße . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen April 26, 2008.
9. ↑ "Playground" for flood protection . In: The Rheinpfalz , Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen May 26, 2009.
10. ↑ Together . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen May 28, 2009.
11. ↑ Albert H. Keil: Palmberg recipe . In: Dogs before the heart . Verlag PfalzMundArt, Dirmstein 1997, ISBN 3-921395-34-8 , p. 70 ( online ).
12. ↑ ^{a b} Certificate Ap. Wormatiam 1196, 4th id. iun, ind. 14, imp. Heinr. invict. Rome. imp. semper aug. et active Sicilie a. raining 26, imp. 5, rain. Sicil. 2nd exit Colmar, Ar. dept. Lünig, Reichsarchiv 21, 1297 St. 5003 - MRhReg 2 No. 766 - RI 4,3 No. 518 Veldenzer Regesten, 1st part, p. 15
    
    
    
    
    
13. ^ ^{A b} Marie-Christine Werner: The English aviator . The murder of Cyril William Sibley. Ed .: Südwestrundfunk . Mainz February 10, 2001.
14. ↑ ^{a b} Frank Geller: A new place for encounters . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen September 2nd, 2015.
15. ↑ Joachim Kauppert, Melanie Lebschy: The Merovingian burial ground of Dirmstein from an anthropological point of view . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 25-35 .
16. ^ View of the city of Dirmstein. Hessian State Archive Darmstadt. ~ 1750. Signature: HStAD inventory P 1 No. 418. Link .
17. ↑ Walter Jarosch: Ceramics from Dirmstein . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 481-497 .
18. ^ Mining PSL - inventory. (PDF; 39 kB) mineralienatlas.de, p. 3 , accessed on September 30, 2012 .  
19. ↑ ^{a b} Archives of the Dirmstein community: emigration register . 1708–1812 incomplete, 1812–1905 carefully, 1905–1937 incomplete. In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 426-442 .
20. ^ The synagogue in Dirmstein. alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on February 1, 2010 .  
21. ↑ ^{a b} Archives of the Dirmstein community: emigration register . 1708–1812 incomplete, 1812–1905 carefully, 1905–1937 incomplete. In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 442 .
22. ↑ General State Archives Karlsruhe: Letter dated April 6, 2004 .
23. ↑ ^{a b} Christian Oldekop (col): Fifth stage of remembering . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen March 31, 2009 ( verlag-pfalzmundart.de ).
24. ↑ Michael Martin: Jews in Dirmstein . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 327-338 .
25. ↑ Jürgen Bich: End of the war - horror by fighter bombers . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 221-225 .
26. ↑ Albert H. Keil: "Friends call me Stani" . In: Bad Dürkheim district (Hrsg.): Heimatjahrbuch 1996 . Haßloch 1995, p. 250 .
27. ↑ Jürgen Bich: "Woi shall drink, Schtani, Woi!" In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen April 15, 1995.
28. ↑ Walter Landin: When grass grows first . 1985.
29. ^ Walter Landin: Anton Kocher and the English aviator . 2008.
30. ^ Isolde Stauder: Where the village comes to an end . 2004, p. 134 f .
31. ^ The Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen December 3, 1998.
32. ^ ^{A b} Albert H. Keil: "Dirmstein remembers" . Ed .: Dirmstein municipality. 2009, p. 3 f . ( verlag-pfalzmundart.de ).
33. ↑ Schwerdt throws down CDU party book . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen April 16, 2010.
34. ^ Council mandate resigned . In: Official Journal of the Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land . Week 15/2012, April 12, 2012.
35. ↑ Inscription on memorial stones on two buildings .
36. ↑ Inscription on the memorial cross for a duel victim .
37. ↑ Map from the “French times” - inscription “Durnestein”, beginning of the 19th century
38. ↑ ^{a b c} Margret Schwerdt: A look at social history from the end of the 17th to the middle of the 19th century with references to the present . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 119-140 .
39. ↑ ^{a b} Announcement of the population increase and its causes by the mayor at the New Year's reception on January 13, 2019.
40. ↑ Dirmstein Seniors Lodge. Retrieved May 18, 2018 .  
41. ↑ Senior citizens' residence Haus Maximilian in Dirmstein. Retrieved May 18, 2018 .  
42. ^ Jewish history / synagogue. alemannia-judaica.de, accessed on March 31, 2010 .  
43. ↑ Newspaper note without title . In: Frankenthaler Zeitung . Frankenthal January 24, 1933, p.  3 .
44. ^ District administration: available . Bad Dürkheim September 24, 2007.
45. ^ Karl Heinz Debus: The great book of arms of the Palatinate . Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1988, ISBN 3-9801574-2-3 .
46. ↑ Expert clarifies coat of arms puzzles . In: Die Rheinpfalz , complete edition . Ludwigshafen September 18, 2007.
47. ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Local elections 2019, city and municipal council elections
48. ↑ The Regional Returning Officer RLP: direct elections 2019. see Leiningerland, Verbandsgemeinde, sixth result line. Retrieved October 13, 2019 . 
49. ↑ A "closed" half-timbered house full of surprises . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen September 13, 2006.
50. ↑ Eva Briechle: A dream come true in the old walls. In: The Rhine Palatinate . April 9, 2019, accessed November 29, 2019 .  
51. ↑ Diane Mours (dmx): “ Grotten cheap ” renovation . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen July 24, 2009.
52. ↑ On the trail of the bee eater . In: Grünstadter Sonntags-Spiegel . Grünstadt July 30, 2014.
53. ↑ Current - Topics March to September 2016. Umweltverein Alte Sandkaut Dirmstein , accessed on September 21, 2016 .  
54. ↑ Waltraud Werdelis (ww): equal to the ground . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen April 4th 2014.
55. ^ Albert H. Keil: The village of poets . Dirmstein and his writers. In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 629-637 .
56. ↑ ^{a b c} 2006 membership (website survey).
57. ^ Membership status 2015 (website survey).
58. ↑ When the ball just doesn't want to go through the concrete ring . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen August 4, 2008.
59. ↑ place of the day. (No longer available online.) Soccerpark Dirmstein, archived from the original on April 15, 2009 ; Retrieved September 27, 2010 . 
60. ↑ WM 2011, EM 2010, EM 2009, WM 2007. Soccerpark Dirmstein, accessed on August 9, 2011 . 
61. ^ Membership level 2013 (website survey).
62. ↑ TSG Dirmstein: More hours are not possible . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen February 6, 2012.
63. ↑ Diane Mours (dmx): Dirmstein is again "Pearl of the Leiningerland" . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen December 19, 2009.
64. ↑ Rudolf Kraft : Das Reichsgut in Wormsgau (=  sources and research on Hessian history . Volume  16 ). Hessischer Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1934, p. 259 .
65. ↑ ^{a b c d} Christina Eichhorn (cei): "Successful Dirmstein wines" . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen September 6, 2013 (Figures quoted in the article come from the Neustadt an der Weinstrasse wine-growing office).
66. ↑ Diane Mours: Pearl with a rose-scented aroma . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen January 5th, 2010.
67. ↑ Location and outline of the Herrgottsacker vineyard. weinlagen-info.de, accessed on January 15, 2016 .  
68. ↑ Location and outline of the Almond Trail vineyard. weinlagen-info.de, accessed on January 15, 2016 .  
69. ↑ Location and outline of the Jesuitenhofgarten vineyard. weinlagen-info.de, accessed on January 15, 2016 .  
70. ↑ Size comparison of the three Dirmsteiner vineyards. weinlagen-info.de, accessed on June 1, 2015 .  
71. ↑ Waltraud Werdelis and Axel Nickel: Citizens' survey: 798 votes against wind power . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen September 23, 2013.
72. ↑ Anja Benndorf (abf): Other wind turbines in the region? In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen September 30, 2013.
73. ↑ Michael Martin: The Lerch family from Dirmstein . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 63-76 (65-68) .
74. ↑ Joachim Specht: Pastor Joseph Ludwig Bihn from Dirmstein, the father of the elderly and orphans from Northwest Ohio . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 617-622 .
75. ↑ Jürgen Huck: The chronicler with the pen . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 607-616 .
76. ^ Joachim Specht: Friedrich Bengel, bearer of the Bavarian Medal for Bravery . In: Dirmstein - nobility, farmers and citizens . Chronicle of the Dirmstein community. 2005, p. 623 .
77. ^ Documents in the community archive . Lambsheim community.
78. ↑ Associations want to renovate the pavilion . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Frankenthaler Zeitung . Ludwigshafen September 20, 2006.
79. ^ Environmental protection association Alte Sandkaut and cultural association St. Michael : Art in the garden house . September 22nd, 2013 (invitation to painting exhibition).
80. ^ Franz Rothermel: Floor plan of the Laurentiuskirche . Original. In: Central archive of the Evangelical Church of the Palatinate (Speyer) . Dept. 170, No. 698.

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on February 9, 2007 in this version .