Fortification (Dirmstein)

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Site fortification
Outside of the fortification with loopholes

Outside of the fortification with loopholes

Data
place Dirmstein
Architectural style Sandstone block; Garden wall with two slot openings
Construction year preserved remainder 1596
demolition 18th and 19th centuries except for preserved remnants
Coordinates 49 ° 33 '40.9 "  N , 8 ° 14' 41.9"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 33 '40.9 "  N , 8 ° 14' 41.9"  E
Fortification (Rhineland-Palatinate)
Site fortification
Dirmsteiner Oberdorf 1746: contemporary map ("Vogelschaubild"), south is at the top [1]

Dirmsteiner Oberdorf 1746: contemporary map ("Vogelschaubild"), south is on top

A remnant of the medieval fortifications has been preserved in the Rhineland-Palatinate municipality of Dirmstein and is a listed building .

Geographical location

The rest of the fortification stands at 103  m above sea level. NHN on the southwestern edge of the historic upper village, which was enclosed by the fortification. The fragment of the wall behind the development on the Laumersheimer Str.21a property extends roughly from west-southwest to east-northeast and today separates two garden plots whose boundaries have apparently not changed for centuries. The terrain is inclined only slightly to the south-east, where the Eckbach flows past 150 m from south-west to north-east .

nature

The monument authority describes the object after its current use as a “garden wall with two slit openings, one attested in 1596.” The approximately 20 m long, 270 cm high and 65 cm thick wall fragment consists of field stones . At the top of the last 40 cm, the crown tapers like a gable roof , the ridge also has up to 20 cm high irregular spikes made of triangular stones. In the eastern third of the wall there is a 45 cm high loopholes at shoulder height , which was obviously cut out from bottom to top in the horizontal stone layers and provided with coarse stone walls when the wall was built. The second embrasure was apparently broken out of the existing stone structure. On the inside of the wall to the north, protrusions are visible, which are interpreted as the remains of a platform-like battlement .

Building history

The fortification of the upper village, which used to be separated from the Niederdorf by a 300 m wide development gap, encompassed the following present-day area, starting from the Obertor in the northwest, clockwise and mostly including the external development of the streets listed: Quadtsches Schloss , Jesuitenhof , Metzgergasse, Mitteltor, Bleichstraße, Eastern part of von-Brühl-Strasse, Laumersheimer Strasse, Herrengasse, Koeth-Wanscheidsche Castle .

The start of construction and the completion of the fortifications can only be vaguely dated. The only thing that is certain is that the wall ring was already completely closed at the time when the most famous local nobleman Caspar Lerch IV. Acquired his "castle" on the southern edge of the upper village in 1602 . In many places, including on Laumersheimer Strasse, then called "Hintere Gass", the wall also encompassed gardens that were part of the residential properties in front of it. The remnants of the wall that have come down to us, about 150 m west of Lerch's “castle”, were probably built towards the end of the 16th century, so rather late. This is also evidenced by the document mentioning the older loopholes in 1596.

On the historical site plan from 1746, the so-called bird's diagram, the fortification is still shown as completely intact. However, at the beginning of the 18th century a lot of building activity had started, which repaired the considerable damage of the Palatinate War of Succession , in the course of which French troops had almost completely burned Dirmstein in 1689. The need for space and building material meant that in the further 18th century parts of the fortifications were incorporated into the walls of newly constructed buildings (e.g. at Koeth-Wanscheid Castle ) or completely removed. When the coalition wars that followed the French Revolution had spread to the left bank of the Rhine in Germany in the 1790s , the stones of the fortifications in Dirmstein were increasingly used to build new or repair old houses. At the end of the 20th century, only scanty remains of the wall were left.

literature

  • Georg Peter Karn, Ulrike Weber (arrangement): Bad Dürkheim district. City of Grünstadt, Union communities Freinsheim, Grünstadt-Land and Hettenleidelheim (=  cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.2 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2006, ISBN 3-88462-215-3 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b bird's diagram from 1746 . In: Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt . P. 1, 418.
  2. ↑ a b c General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (Ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, p. 28 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
  3. ↑ Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
  4. ↑ a b The names Oberdorf and Niederdorf for the two settlement centers of the municipality are derived from the location above and below at the Eckbach , which flows through Dirmstein from west to east.