Storm spring from Oppenweiler
The men Sturmfeder of Oppenweiler are as wealthy family since the Middle Ages detected in southwestern Germany. The early possession of the originally Baden ministerial was in the Neckar valley and in the Schozachgau , but the family then called themselves after their seat in Oppenweiler near Backnang .
The Oppenweiler Sturmfeder became extinct in the male line in 1901, and their property fell to the heirs of the Counts of Bentzel-Sturmfeder-Horneck .
Family history
ancestry
The family tree is traced back to Regina Sturmfederin in older literature , who married Arnold von Berglingen around 970. A Philipp Sturmfeder is said to have married an estate from Westerstetten in 1197. These early ancestors are now considered unproven.
Members of the family were employed as servants in the Baden ministry . The family's early possessions were in the Neckar Valley around Geisingen and in the Schozachgau around Ilsfeld . Her coat of arms shows two erect storm feathers, as the medieval battle axes were called. The same coat of arms and probably also related to the lords of Helfenberg , who also appeared in the Schozachgau up to the middle of the 14th century , who, like the Sturmfeder, could have descended from the same Röder family.
Even the more recent literature does not contain a complete family tree, the research of which is made difficult by the fact that there were many family members with the names Burkhard and Friedrich , whose relationships cannot be precisely determined from the documents. A more recent work in the Heimatbuch Oppenweiler from 1992 only attempts a breakdown into 18 generations from the first known storm spring in 1262 to the extinction of the main line in 1901.
At Reichenberg Castle in Oppenweiler , the Oppenweiler storm spring was first recorded in 1293. As the Württemberg fiefdom of the Lords Sturmfeder, who belonged to the free imperial knighthood, Oppenweiler did not belong directly to the Württemberg state, but to the knight canton of Kocher , to which the Sturmfeder belonged. Only with the mediatization of the imperial knighthood due to the imperial deputation main conclusion , Oppenweiler fell to Württemberg.
Lineage
The first documented representative of the family was a Burkhard Sturmfeder mentioned in 1262 . A Burkhard listed in 1293 was probably his son of the same name and for the first time bore the name of origin de Oppenwiler ( from Oppenweiler ), where he was probably transferred by the Baden employer. A Friedrich Sturmfeder († 1300) also established a long-standing family line in Großingersheim .
A Burkhard Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler († 1364), probably the son of Burkhard, who was mentioned there for the first time, was Württemberg's Unterland Vogt. He acquired pledges in Neudenau , Katzental , Jagstfeld , Offenau , Duttenberg and other places in the area, which fell back to the empire in 1362. In 1356, after the Lords of Helfenberg died out, he acquired their possession of Stettenfels Castle with Untergruppenbach , where he lived for a time. He died in 1364 and left several sons of the same name. His son Burkhard called Sturmlin fell in 1377 in the battle of Reutlingen. Another son Burkhard the Younger († 1400) brought the main part of Stettenfels Castle from the Lords of Hirschhorn through marriage and founded the Stettenfels line of the family, who were also court lords of Flein from 1358 , but these rights were then transferred to the imperial city in 1385 Heilbronn sold.
Over the generations there has been a brisk change in the family's possessions. In 1388 Messrs. Sturmfeder became local lords over Aspach . 1396 received a Friedrich Sturmfeder from Count Eberhard III. von Württemberg “a plow field in the Schotzacher wood” to fief. The complicated marking conditions as in Schozach sometimes led to centuries of dispute with Württemberg. Hans (the elder) Sturmfeder was Württemberg councilor and governor around 1400. His brother Swigger Sturmfeder († 1442) was probably the builder of the first Lower Castle in Talheim , but sold large parts of his property due to financial difficulties. A Heinrich Sturmfeder received the castle and village of Oppenweiler with various goods as a Württemberg fief in 1430, as did a Friedrich Sturmfeder († 1471) who died in the Battle of Seckenheim in 1462 together with Count Ulrich V of Württemberg , Margrave Karl von Baden and Bishop Georg von Metz into captivity Pfalzgraf I. Friedrich fell. Friedrich Sturmfeder sold his property to Stettenfels Castle, including to Raban von Helmstatt, and then sat at Reichenberg Castle in Oppenweiler himself .
A Burkhard Sturmfeder († 1534) appeared as Friedrich's successor in possession of the fiefdom in Oppenweiler , during whose reign Duke Ulrich's flight and the Habsburg rule in Württemberg, the Peasants' War and the early Reformation fell. The life of this Burkhard forms the basis of the fictional Georg von Sturmfeder in the novel Lichtenstein by Wilhelm Hauff . A Eberhard Sturmfeder , probably son Burkhard was in 1525 Weinberger murder killed by rebellious peasants. While Württemberg became predominantly Protestant during the Reformation, the storm feathers remained with the Catholic Confession. The change of faith decreed by the Württemberg princes therefore took place slowly in the Sturmfeder estates, and religious disputes continued into the 19th century.
The fiefdom in Oppenweiler was temporarily owned by several brothers, but only one of them lived there. On Ludwig Burkhard Sturmfeder († 1573), or his successor Burkhard Sturmfeder († 1599) deals with 1575 dated, but controversial Burgbau back in Oppenweiler. The fiefdom successors Wolf Friedrich Sturmfeder († around 1623) and Wilhelm Sturmfeder († 1647) acquired further goods in Treuenfels (Northern Palatinate) , Fürfeld and Deidesheim . During the Thirty Years' War , the Stumfedersche property in Oppenweiler, Großaspach, Schozach and Deidesheim was confiscated by Swedish commissioners in Speyer in 1633 and only returned to Sturmfeder after the Swedish defeat in 1634. Wilhelm Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler and his wife Barbara born. von Werdenau (Wernau) were among the main benefactors of the new Capuchin monastery and the associated Aegidia Church in Speyer from 1625 . They donated 20,000 guilders for the monastery building alone . According to a family pact of 1603, the Sturmfedersche possession could only be inherited according to certain rules within the family. This agreement was later called Fideikommiß and was renewed several times. In particular, the rules stipulated the inheritance of property to the male firstborn and prohibited the inheritance of goods to daughters and sons of spiritual status.
In 1640 a Philipp Friedrich Sturmfeder (1615–1689) married Maria Magdalena Dorothea Lerch , daughter of the local nobleman Caspar Lerch , in the Palatinate parish of Dirmstein , who brought a castle and other extensive property in southwest Germany into the family. When the male line of the Lerch family died out in 1699 because Caspar Lerch's sons and grandsons had no further male descendants, the entire Lerch inheritance fell to the Sturmfeder family. Since then, its members have been named Erbsassen Lerch von und zu Dirmstein .
The spelling “von Sturmfeder” goes back to Philipp Friedrich's son, Johann Friedrich Franz Sturmfeder (1650–1691), which he introduced without authorization and which was retained until this branch of the family died out. Johann Friedrich Franz 'second-born son Marsilius Franz Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler (1674–1744) propagated the tribe and became legendary through his quarrel with the Duke of Württemberg and the Imperial Knighthood. In 1738 he had the outcome of the disputes, which he considered victorious, immortalized as a fight with the devil on the Michelstor of the today named after him castle in Dirmstein; He also had inscriptions against his opponents carved into the walls. Even before 1731, Messrs. Sturmfeder had local rule over Gau-Odernheim , in 1736 Marsilius acquired property in Niederflörsheim , and later also in Steinbach am Donnersberg .
Marsilius' son Johann Franz Georg Ernst von Sturmfeder (called Georg Ernst, 1727–1793) was in 1758 Oberamtmann in Mosbach , Privy Councilor and travel marshal. He lived mostly in Mannheim and sold the rulership of Börrstadt and Herfingen in 1764. From 1782 he had the striking octagonal moated castle (today the town hall) built in Oppenweiler, but turned away from Oppenweiler again during the completion and in 1788 acquired a property in Munich where he had previously rented. His son Carl Theodor von Sturmfeder (1748–1799) also lived mostly in Mannheim from 1778, led the construction of Oppenweiler Castle in the 1780s and returned to Mannheim after its completion. It is possible that he was also the client for the Sturmfeder cellar garden in Dirmstein, which the landscape architect Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell laid out shortly after 1790 . When the French Revolution attacked the Palatinate, Dirmstein Castle was expropriated and auctioned. From 1793 Carl Theodor lived in Esslingen. In 1796 the family fled from the French to Munich and returned in 1797. In 1797/98, meanwhile ill himself, the baron stayed again for half a year in Munich to take part in the inheritance process because of the legacy of the father. He died shortly after his return in Oppenweiler in January 1799, leaving behind ten children, namely eight daughters and two sons. One of these daughters was Louise von Sturmfeder (1789–1866), the famous educator of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria and his brother Emperor Maximilian of Mexico.
Carl Theodor's brother Franz Friedrich von Sturmfeder was a Catholic priest and worked from 1812 to 1818 and from 1819 to 1821 as Vicar General of Augsburg . Carl Theodor von Sturmfedern and his family had a close friendship with Johann Michael Sailer , the later Regensburg bishop and advisor to King Ludwig I (Bavaria) .
Carl Theodor's eldest son Ferdinand Franz Georg von Sturmfeder (1788–1850) took over the inheritance at the age of almost eleven and was initially under the tutelage of a Count Stadion . Stadion sold all of Munich's possessions, followed by valuables from Mannheim's assets. The sales were used to finance the family's livelihood, as the family's property on the left bank of the Rhine was lost to France as a result of the Napoleonic Wars around 1800 . The subsequent mediatization of the imperial knighthood caused further rights to be lost in the remaining properties on the right bank of the Rhine. Ferdinand Franz Georg moved into Oppenweiler Castle around the age of majority. Although his property around Oppenweiler still comprised 725 acres in 1821, he got into financial distress, also because he had to equip eight sisters and had to settle his brother. After an appraisal of his financial situation in 1832, Ferdinand Franz Georg set up a senior rent office to control his household, the management of which was taken over by Heinrich Pfaff , the Weinsberg city school . The family signed an administration contract in 1837, which granted Pfaff extensive powers. Ferdinand Franz Georg often did not stick to the terms of the contract and also neglected the duty of patronage in Oppenweiler. The ailing family household was compensated several times by extensive sales of goods. Ferdinand Franz Georg left two sons, Friedrich Carl and Carl Theodor.
Friedrich Carl von Sturmfeder (1816–1884) joined the family. He was a first lieutenant and chamberlain from Württemberg and had his seat in Stuttgart . The replacement laws enacted around the time of his inheritance, through which citizens and communities had to buy themselves free from the previous landlords, brought Friedrich Carl large income, which enabled him to significantly enlarge the family property in Oppenweiler and Großaspach; In contrast, fragmented and remote properties in other places were all sold in the course of the 19th century. Friedrich Carl also had the palace in Oppenweiler overhauled. After he died without an heir, his brother Carl Theodor von Sturmfeder (1817–1901) became the Fideikommiss successor . He lived on his Daschnitz estate in Moravia and transferred the administration of the Württemberg property to the Stuttgart chancellery and Catholic church councilor Georg Seibold. Carl Theodor died childless in 1901, with him the male family died out.
Bentzel-Sturmfeder-Horneck
After the male line became extinct, a lengthy process broke out over the inheritance, which in 1904 was awarded to the great-grandson of Carl Theodor's eldest daughter, Friedrich Karl Baron Horneck von Weinheim (1880–1936). The inheritance comprised 434 hectares of land in the communities of Oppenweiler, Reichenberg, Großaspach, Steinbach (all Oberamt Backnang), Groß- and Kleiningersheim, Schozach, Ilsfeld, Lauffen (all Oberamt Besigheim) as well as Gruppenbach and Talheim (Oberamt Heilbronn). In Thurn living in Upper Franconia Friedrich Karl Horneck of Weinheim also changed with royal approval its name to Sturmfeder-Horneck . As he was childless, he adopted the children of his recently in Oppenweiler Castle resident, 1,917 deceased sister Elisabeth Baroness Horneck of Weinheim and lifted the last 1843 renewed fideicommissum on in 1925 to his ownership of his adopted son Hans Heinrich Freiherr von Sturmfeder-Brandt to transfer. He tried to keep the family property by founding a spa business in Oppenweiler Castle, which was passed on to his eldest sister Maria Irmgard in 1939, who was married to Götz Kraft Bentzel zu Sternau and Hohenau . Götz Kraft Bentzel sold the Oppenweiler Castle in 1939 to the municipality of Oppenweiler and Maroldsweisach Castle, which has been owned by Horneck since 1768, to the Catholic Church. After he was reported missing in World War II, his wife took the name Countess von Bentzel-Sturmfeder-Horneck . Through transfer agreements, the property came to their children Mechthild Countess von Stauffenberg (* 1938), wife of Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg , and Hannfried Graf von Bentzel-Sturmfeder-Horneck in 1965 and 1969 .
To date, the family has extensive property. The Graeflich Bentzel-Sturmfeder-Horneck'sche Kommanditgesellschaft operates a. a. the Graf von Bentzel-Sturmfeder Horneck'sche Weingut . Thurn Castle was expanded to become the Thurn Castle Adventure Park .
Amoena Baroness von Sturmfeder
Oppenweiler moated castle from 1782
Sturmfedersches Schloss in Dirmstein, rebuilt in its current form around 1780
Local coat of arms of Schozach with the coat of arms of the storm spring
Thurn Castle , Upper Franconia
literature
- Jakob Christoph Iselin , Jacob C. Beck: Newly increased historical and geographical general lexicon. Volume II: D-J . Basel 1726.
- Johann Friedrich Gauhe : Genealogical-Historical Adels-Lexicon . Johann Friedrich Gleditsch, Leipzig 1740.
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Sturmfeder from and to Oppenweiler, the barons, genealogy . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 40th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1880, pp. 234–236 ( digitized version ).
- German aristocratic samples from the German Ordens-Central-Archive, 1881 digitized p. 199 No. 9246
- Alfred F. Wolfert: Groups of coats of arms of the nobility in the Odenwald-Spessart area. In: Winfried Wackerfuß (Ed.): Contributions to the exploration of the Odenwald and its peripheral landscapes II. Festschrift for Hans H. Weber. Breuberg-Bund , Breuberg-Neustadt 1977, pp. 325–406, here p. 391.
- Karl Julius Zehender: The barons von Sturmfeder and their possessions . In: Karl Julius Zehender (Ed.): Heimatbuch Oppenweiler . Oppenweiler municipality, Oppenweiler 1992, p. 481-589 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Genealogical website on Friedrich von Flersheim and Amalia Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler.
- ↑ Jakob Baumann : History of the St. Aegidien Church and the Capuchin Convent in the free imperial city of Speier , Speyer, Jägerscher Verlag, 1918, p. 33.
- ↑ Archive for Middle Rhine Church History , Volume 46, 1994, p. 118 (detail scan).
- ^ Regest of the will of Barbara Sturmfeder von Oppenweiler, 1661.
- ↑ Text Scan from Sailer's biography of Carl throat to the family situation at Carl Theodor von Sturm Feder.
- ^ Funeral sermon for Carl Theodor von Sturmfeder, given by Johann Michael Sailer in front of the family on February 20, 1799, as well as an inscription on his grave memorial.
- ^ Georg Aichinger: Johann Michael Sailer . Herder Verlag, Freiburg, 1865, page 257 (about Sailer's stay with the Sturmfeder family after the death of Carl Theodor von Sturmfeder).
- ^ Georg Aichinger: Johann Michael Sailer . Herder Verlag, Freiburg, 1865, page 256 (on Sailer's friendship with the Sturmfeder family).