Johann Michael Sailer

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Johann Michael Sailer
Johann Michael Sailer
Coat of arms of the Bishop of Regensburg (1829–1832)
Bust of Sailer in the Hall of Fame , Munich
Monument on St. Emmeramsplatz in Regensburg

Johann Michael Sailer , from 1826 by Sailer (born November 17, 1751 in Aresing , Upper Bavaria , † May 20, 1832 in Regensburg ), was a Catholic theologian (especially pastoral theologian ) and bishop of Regensburg .

Life

The son of the shoemaker Andreas Sailer graduated from the Jesuit high school in Munich in 1770 (today Wilhelmsgymnasium Munich ) and then began studying theology at the University of Ingolstadt as a novice with the Jesuits (until the order was dissolved in 1773) . On September 23, 1775 he was ordained a priest in Augsburg . As a tutor (from 1777) and professor of dogmatics (from 1780) he taught in Ingolstadt until he was dismissed in 1781 on the charge of " obscurantism ".

In 1784 he received a professorship for theology at the University of Dillingen from Prince Archbishop Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony (including Augsburg) . He was relieved of his office in 1794 as the alleged Illuminat , lived for a while with Count zu Stolberg in Wernigerode , then in Ebersberg . In 1799 he was again employed as professor of theology at the University of Ingolstadt, which was transferred to the new Bavarian State University of Landshut in 1800 ; In Landshut he wrote his main works and it was here that the later King Ludwig I became his pupil. In 1810 the Bavarian Academy of Sciences appointed Sailer as an external member.

Sailer became the first cathedral capitular in Regensburg in 1821, and in 1822 vicar general , coadjutor and titular bishop of Germanicopolis . He received his episcopal ordination on October 28, 1822 from Munich Archbishop Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel . In 1825, Sailer became provost at Regensburg Cathedral and finally on October 28, 1829 through the personal commitment of King Ludwig I, Bishop of Regensburg. One of his closest collaborators in Regensburg was Melchior von Diepenbrock . After several strokes, Sailer died in Regensburg in 1832,

“... a bishop who is revered almost like a saint beyond the borders of his diocese (...) The author of numerous edification writings, whose internalized religiosity touched Catholics and Protestants alike, is considered a model of an upright Catholic in the dark times of revolutionary turmoil and secularization . Forty years later (1873) the works of the same man were indicted by the Roman Inquisition because Sailer was a heretic who "disintegrated" Catholic theology with enlightened and Protestant ideas. "

Funerary monument and statue

Sailer's grave monument in Regensburg Cathedral , commissioned by King Ludwig I, was created by Konrad Eberhard and is one of his main works. After 1866/67, King Ludwig I, who had already abdicated, made the decision to honor his deceased former teacher and friend Sailer by erecting a bronze statue on the site of his last place of work. With this statue, the city of Regensburg received its first personal monument on a public square. Sailer should be presented to the citizens as an example of virtue without his episcopal insignia, miter and staff, who turns bareheaded with a book in hand to the people. For Ludwig, the choice of the place for the statue was also important. He chose Emmeramsplatz where the statue, modeled by Max von Widnmann and cast by Ferdinand von Miller , was set up with a view to the south of the St. Emmeram Basilica on May 20, 1868, three months after the death of the founder. In 1870 the city put on a planted roundabout, which was surrounded by a low one in 1894 and planted with trees as a background in 1909. The eventful fate of the statue began after 1940, when a fire water pond was built on Emmeramsplatz, the statue was supposed to be melted down for the benefit of the armaments industry and was transported away. After the war, after research by Walter Boll, the statue was found in Hamburg and returned to Regensburg in August 1949, slightly damaged. Since Emmeramsplatz initially became the focus of urban traffic planning after 1950 and was later needed as a parking lot, the new location for the statue was a place near the monument to King Ludwig I in the green space at St. Peter's Church near the train station. The monument stood there from 1951 to 2014, when it was moved back to Emmeramsplatz after restoration. Because the formerly existing green spaces are missing there, the monument now forms the center of a well-frequented parking lot.

Namesake

In 1964 the grammar school in Dillingen , where he worked as a teacher for several years, was named after him. His place of birth Aresing named the elementary and middle school as well as a street after him and in the town hall a bust from more recent times reminds of him. In the parish church of St. Martin in Aresing, a plaque commemorates the 100th anniversary of his death in the choir room.

Teaching

Sailer worked as a book author and as a teacher. He was the founder and main representative of an inner and at the same time tolerant direction within the Catholic Church and is one of the pioneers of pastoral theology.

He achieved a strong impact by training a new type of priest. During his thirty years of teaching activity, he conveyed to more than a thousand young clergy not only his form of Christianity, but also the ability to engage in daily life with the entire existence of the faithful entrusted to them. His students included King Ludwig I of Bavaria , the Bible translator Joseph Franz von Allioli , the later Bavarian Minister Administrator and District President Johann Baptist von Zenetti , who remained connected to him throughout his life, as well as the theology professor and cathedral preacher of Münster Johann Heinrich Brockmann , and Martin Boos whose proclamation, which is controversial in some church circles, he affirmed. In 1811 he wrote to Boos in Gallneukirchen :

"The essence of your teaching is apostolic, God in Christ, Christ's death, Christ's spirit, Christ's life - that is the essence of Christianity."

His translation and edition of the Imitatio Christi by Thomas von Kempen as a follower of Christ in 1794, which has seen numerous editions up to modern times, is significant .

Ludwig van Beethoven was in contact with Sailer while he was working on his Missa solemnis (1820) .

Fonts (selection)

Single fonts

Lectures from pastoral theology , Munich 1793 (title page)
  • Theologiae Christianae cum Philosophia nexus , Augsburg 1779
  • Complete reading and prayer book for the use of Catholics , Munich, Ingolstadt 1783
  • Complete prayer book for Catholic Christians , Munich 1785
  • About suicide. For people who do not feel the worth of being human , Munich 1785 ( digitized and full text in the German Text Archive ); ( Images in the BSB )
  • Reason for people as they are. According to the needs of our time , 2 vols. Munich 1785
  • Doctrine of happiness for reasons of reason, with consideration for Christianity , Munich 1787
  • Lectures from pastoral theology , 3 vol., Munich 1788–1789
  • Brief memories of young preachers , Munich: 1791 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • For the sick and their friends , Munich 1791
  • Lectures on pastoral theology , Munich 1793
  • The Book of Following Christ. Newly translated and with an introduction and short notes for thoughtful Christians , Munich 1794
  • Sermons and draft sermons for all Sundays and holidays of the year , Salzburg 1800
  • Letters from all centuries of the Christian era. Elected, translated and published for the edification and instruction of his fellow Christians 6 vols. Munich 1800–1804
  • Basic teachings of religion , Munich 1805
  • On education for educators , Munich 1807
  • Small Bible for the sick and dying and their friends , Munich 1810
  • Joseph Anton Sambuga as he was , Munich, Verlag Jakob Giel, 1816 Complete scan of the book.
  • Handbook of Christian Morals, first for future Catholic pastors and then for every educated Christian , Munich 1817

A complete bibliography of the approx. 240 writings by Sailer can be found in: Hubert Schiel : Johann Michael Sailer. Letters. Regensburg 1952, pp. 541-665. His birthplace, Aresing, has 41 volumes of his writings; it is part of the estate of prelate Alois Haas, who was born in the same community.

Recent reprints

  • Lectures from pastoral theology. In: Anton Zottl , Werner Schneider (ed.): Ways of pastoral theology. Texts of becoming conscious. Volume I. The 18th Century: Foundation and Development (F. St. Rautenstrauch - F. Ch. Pittroff - JM Sailer). Franz-Sales-Verlag, Eichstätt 1987, ISBN 3-7721-0095-3 , pp. 117–167 (essential passages from: 1. Basic questions of pastoral theology, 2. Practical script research as a basis and preparation for pastoral activity, 3. The pastoral care worker in his role as teacher, shepherd and priest).
  • The Book of Following Christ: Selected Verses; with illustrations from illuminated manuscripts of the British Library of Thomas von Kempen. According to the translation by Johann Michael Sailer . Steinkopf, Kiel 2004, ISBN 3-7984-0773-8
  • The wisdom in the street, or the meaning and spirit of German proverbs. A textbook for us Germans, including a resting bench for scholars who want to rest from their research . 1810. New ed. Greno, Nördlingen 1987, series Die Other Bibliothek , ISBN 3-89190-801-6 .

Total expenditure

  • Collected writings , 9 vols. Munich 1828–1823
  • Collected works , 28 parts, Grätz 1818–1827
  • Collected speeches. Sunday, festival, fasting, then general occasional and first mass sermons and homilies , 8 parts, Grätz 1820
  • Edited speeches. Sunday, festival and occasional sermons, 6 parts, Grätz 1820–1821
  • All works , edited by Joseph Widmer, 40 parts, Sulzbach 1830–41, Suppl. Volume 1855, under the direction of the author

literature

  • Konrad Baumgartner and Rudolf Voderholzer : Johann Michael Sailer as a bridge builder - festive offer for the 99th Catholic Day 2014 in Regensburg . Regensburg 2014.
  • Franz Georg Friemel : Johann Michael Sailer and the problem of denomination . ( Erfurt Theological Studies Volume 29.) Leipzig 1972.
  • Klement Baader : Biography of Mr. D. Johann Michael Sailer. Kollmann, (above), 1814. (digitized version)
  • Georg Aichinger: Johann Michael Sailer. Bishop of Regensburg. Freiburg 1865. ( Digitized in the Google book search; PDF file)
  • Franz Heinrich Reusch :  Sailer, Johann Michael von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 178-192.
  • Remigius Stölzle: Johann Michael Sailer. His discipline at the Academy in Dillingen and his appointment to Ingolstadt. Kösel / Kempten / Munich 1910.
  • Berthold Lang: Bishop Sailer and his contemporaries. Manz, Munich a. a. 1932.
  • Willibrord Schlags: Johann Michael Sailer, "the saint of the turn of the ages": depicted according to his confessions and writings. Bonn 1934.
  • Fritz Blanke : Bishop Sailer and Johann Caspar Lavater . In: Zwingliania, 9/7, 1952, pp. 431-443. Digitized
  • Gerard Fischer: Johann Michael Sailer and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi . Freiburg / Basel / Vienna, 1954.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Kantzenbach : Johann Michael Sailer and the ecumenical thought (= individual works from the church history of Bavaria, Volume 29). 1955.
  • Paul Schattenmann: Johann Michael Sailer and his friends in the Ries. In: Journal for Bavarian Church History. Vol. 27 (1958), pp. 66-74.
  • Heinz Schuster: The History of Pastoral Theology. In: Franz Xaver Arnold et al. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Pastoraltheologie. Volume 1. Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 1964, pp. 54ff.
  • Franz Xaver Arnold: Pastoral Theological Perspectives. The principle of the God-human and the historical path of pastoral theology. Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 1965.
  • Johann Hofmeier: Pastoral care and pastoral care. An investigation into the pastoral theology of Johann Michael Sailer. Regensburg 1967.
  • Barbara Jendrosch : Johann Michael Sailer's doctrine of conscience (= Studies on the History of Catholic Moral Theology, Volume 19). Regensburg 1971. At the same time dissertation, Munich 1968, ISBN 3-7917-0320-X .
  • Werner Schneider: Johann Michael Sailer's biblical foundation of pastoral theology. In: Anton Zottl u. Werner Schneider (Hrsg.): Ways of pastoral theology. Texts of becoming conscious. The 18th century: foundation and development (F. St. Rautenstrauch - F. Ch. Pittroff - JM Sailer). Volume 1. Eichstätt 1987, ISBN 3-7721-0095-3 , pp. 105-114.
  • Georg Schwaiger (Ed.): Johann Michael Sailer and his time. Publishing house of the Association for Regensburg Diocese History, Regensburg 1982.
  • Georg Schwaiger: Johann Michael Sailer, the Bavarian church father. Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7954-0108-9 .
  • Werner Vitzthum: Johann Michael Sailer 1751-1832. From Aresing to Regensburg. Aresing Municipal Council, 1982.
  • Barbara Wachinger : The moral theology of Johann Michael Sailers. in: Georg Schwaiger and Paul Mai (eds.): Johann Michael Sailer and his time (= contributions to the history of the diocese of Regensburg. Volume 16), 1982, pp. 257–275.
  • Gisbert Kranz : Johann Michael Sailer. Regensburg 1982, ISBN 3-7917-0748-5 .
  • Hans Bungert (Ed.): Johann Michael Sailer. Theologian, pedagogue and bishop between the Enlightenment and Romanticism. Universitäts-Verlag, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-921114-57-8 .
  • Theoderich Kampmann: An exemplary priest. Johann Michael Sailer. Paderborn 1984, ISBN 3-506-79260-1 .
  • Alexander Loichinger : Sailer and Diepenbrock. In: Munich Theological Journal. Vol. 41 (1990), pp. 383-388.
  • Volker Ladenthin: When teaching and education come up for discussion. Examples of "language-critical didactics" with Ch. Thomasius and JM Sailer. In: Quarterly journal for scientific pedagogy. Vol. 70 (1994), pp. 303-321.
  • Raimund Lachner :  Johann Michael Sailer. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 8, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-053-0 , Sp. 1182-1197.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Matthias Grätsch: Bishop Johann Michael Sailer. Seminar paper, Philosophical-Theological University Benediktbeuern , advanced seminar on church history, undated (around 2000), ( online , PDF file)
  • Werner Chrobak among others: Johann Michael von Sailer. Pedagogue - theologian - Bishop of Regensburg. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2001, ISBN 3-7954-1447-4 .
  • Alexander Loichinger: Sailer, Diepenbrock, Christian and Clemens Brentano . In: Munich Theological Journal. Vol. 52 (2001), pp. 304-322.
  • Konrad Baumgartner (Ed.), Peter Scheuchenpflug (Ed.), From Aresing to Regensburg. Festschrift for the 250th birthday of Johann Michael Sailer on November 17, 2001 (= contributions to the history of the Diocese of Regensburg , Volume 35), Association for the History of the Regensburg Diocese, Regensburg 2001.
  • Hubert Wolf :  Sailer, Johann Michael von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 356 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Hubert Wolf: Johann Michael von Sailer. The posthumous inquisition trial . (= Roman Inquisition and Index Congregation, Volume 2), Schöningh, Paderborn 2002, ISBN 978-3-506-77671-6 ( online ).
  • Hubert Wolf: Johann Michael Sailer. Tribunal for a dead person? in: index. The Vatican and the Forbidden Books, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-54371-5 , pp. 187-202 ( [1] available online).
  • Monique Bouic: Johann Michael Sailer (1751–1832), sa vie et son oeuvre depuis 1794. 3 volumes (thèse de doctorat, Réf ANRT: 54734, Identifiant BU: 07BOR30061), Bordeaux 2007.
  • Karl Eschweiler: Catholic theology in the age of German idealism. The Bonn theological qualification papers from 1921/22. Edited from the estate and provided with an introduction by Thomas Marschier. Monsenstein and Vannerdat, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-86991-180-9 . (In it p. 131–270: Johann Michael Sailer's experience theology as the foundation of theological fideism in pre-Vatican theology. )
  • Manfred Heim: Johann Michael von Sailer. In: Katharina Weigand (ed.): Great figures of Bavarian history. Herbert Utz Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-8316-0949-9 .
  • Tobias Appl / Bernhard Lübbers (ed.): The letters Johann Michael von Sailers to Eduard von Schenk. With an appendix to Melchior Diepenbrock's letters to Schenk (= contributions to the history of the Diocese of Regensburg. Supplement 23). Publication of the Association for Regensburg Diocese History, Regensburg . 2014, p. LXXVI, 272 .
  • Tobias Appl, Bernhard Lübbers: Barbing Castle as the summer residence of Johann Michael von Sailers (1751–1832) (= Regensburg small contributions to local research, 3). Kollersried 2015 ( online , PDF file)
  • John Paul Ito: Johann Michael Sailer and Beethoven . In: Bonn Beethoven Studies. Volume 11 (2014), pp. 83-92.

Web links

Commons : Johann Michael Sailer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Michael Sailer  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Johann Michael Sailer  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Heinrich Reusch :  Sailer, Johann Michael von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 178-192.
  2. ^ Max Leitschuh: The matriculations of the upper classes of the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich , 4 vol., Munich 1970–1976; Vol. 3, p. 128
  3. ↑ a b c Eugen Trapp: Domplatz, The return of the king . In: City of Regensburg, Office for Archives and Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Regensburg . tape 12 . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2371-6 , pp. 136-140 .
  4. ^ Hubert Wolf , Johann Michael von Sailer. The posthumous Inquisitionsverfahren , Paderborn 2002, ISBN 978-3-506-77671-6 .
  5. ↑ Johannes Goßner (Ed.): Martin Boos, the preacher of the justice that applies before God. His autobiography , new ed. by Franz Graf-Stuhlhofer . Verlag für Kultur und Wissenschaft, Bonn 2012, p. 272.
  6. ↑ Lewis Lockwood: Beethoven - His music, his life . Bärenreiter-Metzler, 2009.
predecessor Office successor
Johann Nepomuk von Wolf Bishop of Regensburg
1829 - 1832 		Georg Michael Wittmann
died before the papal preconization of
Franz Xaver Schwäbl
personal data
SURNAME Sailer, Johann Michael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Catholic theologian and bishop of Regensburg
DATE OF BIRTH November 17, 1751
PLACE OF BIRTH Aresing , Upper Bavaria
DATE OF DEATH May 20, 1832
Place of death regensburg