Johann Baptist von Zenetti

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Johann Baptist von Zenetti 1785–1856

Johann Baptist Zenetti , from 1837 Knight von Zenetti (born August 3, 1785 in Wertingen ; † October 5, 1856 in Munich ) was a Bavarian administrative officer and politician, district president of Lower Bavaria and the Palatinate , 1847 provisional head (ministerial) of the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior as well as 1848/49 member of the Paulskirche parliament .

Life

family

Johann Baptist Zenetti was born in Wertingen as the son of a wealthy trader and tobacco manufacturer. The family, who immigrated from Ravascletto , today region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia , Italy, had lived there since the early 18th century. The Zenettis were considered very religious and ambitious. Johann Baptist and his siblings enjoyed a strict upbringing and had to work in their father's tobacco factory from an early age.

Several children came from his marriage to Josefine von Mieg (1793–1828). His sons Wilhelm (Benedikt) , born in Speyer, became famous as Benedictine abbot of St. Boniface in Munich, Arnold as city architect of Munich and Julius as district president of Middle Franconia .

His daughter Josephine († 1869) was married to the famous Munich doctor Joseph von Lindwurm , his daughter Caroline (1825–1895) to the law teacher and politician Alois von Brinz .

Zenetti was a great-great-great-uncle of the politicians Hans-Jochen Vogel and Bernhard Vogel .

Earlier career

On November 2, 1794, Zenetti went to the Latin school in Dillingen . In November 1801, he began his philosophical studies at the local secondary school , in 1803 he received as a student of cameralistics the University of Landshut . There Zenetti entered into a cordial friendship relationship with Johann Michael Sailer , the theologian and later Bishop of Regensburg , also known as "the walking heart with a bishop's hat" because of his kindness. The influence that Sailer exercised on him was permanent and lasting. In 1815 Johann Baptist Zenetti wrote to his bride that Sailer had always appeared to him like the “trusted friend of God who gives people the lessons of life from the mouth of omnipotence”. The young man completed his law degree in Landshut in 1806 and started a civil service career.

In the same year he came to the Wertingen Regional Court as an intern . 1808 was Zenetti Akzessist with the Government of Upper Danube Circle in Neu-Ulm . In 1809 he volunteered as a captain in the "Mobile Legion", where, according to a certificate he received, "with excellent diligence and distinction", he mainly guarded the war-essential rusk magazine in Neu-Ulm for several months. From 1810 he worked there as a council advisor, then in the same position at Eichstätt in the Altmühlkreis , where he met his future wife in 1811 - Josephine von Mieg from Amorbach , the sister of his best friend Arnold Friedrich von Mieg , who later became the Bavarian finance minister. On the New Year of 1812, the couple became engaged. In the war against Emperor Napoleon in 1813/14 , Zenetti joined the volunteer hunter battalion of the Upper Danube District in Augsburg as a captain ; on March 20, 1814 he was promoted to battalion commander. In this campaign, too, he only performed guard duty at home and finally got a job with the government (General District Commissioner) of the Isar District in Munich in October 1814 .

From 1816 to 1826 Johann Baptist Zenetti worked as a councilor in the government of the Rhine district in Speyer. When he was transferred there - closer to the bride's place of residence - the young official had written to her on November 20, 1816: "I'm too happy and don't deserve that much luck." The couple married in Amorbach on Christmas Day of the same year and then settled in Speyer. Her five children were born there, two of whom became more famous.

In March 1827 Zenetti moved again to Munich, as a councilor in the government of the Isar district. On September 9, 1828, his wife Josephine died at the age of only 35. In February 1832 he was transferred to the Ministry of the Interior as a ministerial advisor, but shortly afterwards he was assigned to support Prince Wrede in the troubled Palatinate. Zenetti was to act there as a civil affairs advisor to restore law and order. Since he was well known from his previous long stay in Speyer and showed understanding for the interests of the Palatinate, his appearance there was vehemently welcomed. This caused Prince Wrede to report negatively about him to Munich, which prompted King Ludwig I to transfer. In the autumn of 1832, Zenetti went to Passau to join the government of the Lower Danube District as government director and deputy government president . For his independent, excellent work there, he received the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown on August 24, 1837 , combined with the personal title of nobility.

District President and activity in the Ministry of the Interior

In November 1837, Minister Karl von Abel appointed Zenetti as head of department for education and school matters in the Ministry of the Interior. Both had a trusting relationship and were on the same line in many political and ideological matters. In 1846 Johann Baptist von Zenetti received the Commander's Cross of the Bavarian Order of Merit from St. Michael and in May 1846 was transferred to Landshut as District President of Lower Bavaria. Eight months later, King Ludwig I called him back to Munich and entrusted him with the provisional management of the Ministry of the Interior . But the upright Zenetti attracted hostility from around Lola Montez and had to vacate his ministerial post at the end of November 1847. He returned to his office in Landshut.

Member of Parliament and President of the Palatinate Government

Since dignified anti-revolutionary MPs were to sit in the Paulskirche parliament in Frankfurt am Main , the king encouraged him to apply for a mandate. Johann Baptist von Zenetti won the election in the Landshut constituency in April 1848 and entered the Frankfurt parliament. He was denounced at court that he was allegedly keeping up with the Liberals and therefore voluntarily resigned from his post on January 8, 1849. In fact, in May of that year he took part in a meeting which called for the adoption of the Paulskirche constitution. Although he only attended and did not speak there, consideration was given to early retirement. However, it was decided to give him the vacancy of a government president in the Palatinate, which was seething with turmoil, since everything was considered lost there anyway and Zenetti had to fail almost inevitably.

On July 4, 1849, the civil servant was appointed regional president - i.e. the highest civil civil servant - of the Palatinate, as the successor to Franz Alwens , who had been prematurely retired. An uprising had just been put down there and Prince Karl Theodor von Thurn und Taxis ruled the area as the highest military commander. Zenetti ruled prudently and moderately in favor of the population, as far as his limited powers allowed. His resignation has been handed down to us: I cannot be decisive enough for the ministers. I'm supposed to quench a volcano and build a garden on it.

Retirement and death

On April 2, 1850, Johann Baptist von Zenetti was finally retired by King Maximilian II without a word of thanks or visible recognition. Deeply offended, he asked for an audience with the prince, who behaved very negatively and accused him of representing opinions which ran counter to the monarchical principle.

The district president retired to his family in Munich and died in 1856 at the age of 71, already forgotten by the public. Even after his death there was no official recognition.

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Baptist von Zenetti  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ “SPD veteran Hans-Jochen Vogel died at the age of 94 years. A late valued "senior teacher" and admonisher , Domradio from July 26th, 2020
  2. ^ “Abbot Benedikt Zenetti - Third Abbot of St. Bonifaz” , on sankt-bonifaz.de , accessed on July 27, 2020
  3. ^ Lieselotte Klemmer: Mieg, Arnold Friedrich von. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 527 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ On Karl Theodor von Thurn and Taxis see Josef Rübsam:  Taxis, Karl Theodor Prinz von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, p. 507 f.
personal data
SURNAME Zenetti, Johann Baptist von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zenetti, Johann Baptist
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bavarian regional president, ministerial representative, Paulskirchen member of parliament in Frankfurt
DATE OF BIRTH August 3, 1785
PLACE OF BIRTH Wertingen
DATE OF DEATH October 5, 1856
Place of death Munich