Amorbach

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Amorbach
Amorbach
Map of Germany, position of the city Amorbach highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 39 '  N , 9 ° 13'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Lower Franconia
County : Miltenberg
Height : 165 m above sea level NHN
Area : 50.92 km 2
Residents: 3971 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 78 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 63916
Area code : 09373
License plate : MIL, OBB
Community key : 09 6 76 112
City structure: 11 districts

City administration address : 		Kellereigasse 1
63916 Amorbach
Website : www.amorbach.de
First Mayor : Peter Schmitt (CSU)
Location of the city of Amorbach in the Miltenberg district
Aschaffenburg Landkreis Aschaffenburg Landkreis Main-Spessart Hohe Wart (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Gemeindefreies Gebiet Forstwald Gemeindefreies Gebiet Hohe Berg Collenberg Dorfprozelten Altenbuch Wörth am Main Weilbach (Bayern) Sulzbach am Main Stadtprozelten Schneeberg (Unterfranken) Rüdenau Röllbach Obernburg am Main Niedernberg Neunkirchen (Unterfranken) Mönchberg Mömlingen Miltenberg Leidersbach Laudenbach (Unterfranken) Klingenberg am Main Kleinwallstadt Kleinheubach Kirchzell Hausen (bei Aschaffenburg) Großwallstadt Großheubach Faulbach Eschau (Unterfranken) Erlenbach am Main Elsenfeld Eichenbühl Bürgstadt Amorbach Amorbach Hessen Baden-Württembergmap
About this picture
City center of Amorbach with Gotthardsberg and Gotthard ruins

Amorbach [ ˈaːmoːɐ̯bax ] is a town in the Miltenberg district in Lower Franconia with almost 4,000 inhabitants.

geography

Geographical location

Amorbach is located in the Odenwald in a wooded area in the south-north direction of the Mud valley leading to the Main . The topographically highest point of the city is at 506  m above sea level. NN at the summit of the Boxbrunner Höhe , the lowest is on the Mud at 150  m above sea level. NN .

Natural allocation

In terms of natural space , Amorbach belongs to the main unit sandstone oden forest, which according to the natural division of Germany (according to Meynen / Schmithüsen et al.) Is part of the main unit group Odenwald, Spessart and Südrhön .

Community structure

The city is divided into eleven districts and five districts (the type of settlement in brackets):

Neudorf and Reichartshausen form an exclave to the east of the rest of the municipality .

Geology and soils

Amorbach is determined by the Triassic , continentally deposited sandstone of the red sandstone . Layers of the Lower Buntsandstein , the Middle Buntsandstein and the Upper Buntsandstein occur in the urban area . The deep red red sandstone not only characterizes the landscape of Amorbach, but also gives a large number of historical buildings and land monuments their characteristic appearance. River gravel and gravel were deposited in the Quaternary in the Mud Valley . Vega soils formed in the floodplain areas of the Mud and brown earth soils are predominant as the dominant soil type on the sandstone sites of the profiled landscape .

climate

The city is located in the cool, temperate climate zone and has a humid climate . The Amorbach landscape is located in the transition area between the humid Atlantic and the dry continental climate . After the climate classification of Köppen / Geiger Amorbach counts for w armgemäßigten Air (C-Air). The average annual precipitation in Amorbach is 813 millimeters. The precipitation is in the middle third of the values ​​recorded in Germany. Lower values ​​are registered at 66 percent of the measuring stations of the German Weather Service . The driest month is September, with the most rainfall in December with 1.5 times as much as in September. Precipitation varies only minimally and is extremely evenly distributed over the year. Lower seasonal fluctuations are recorded at only 5 percent of the measuring stations .

Land use

Land use Amorbach 2017
use Hectares
Housing area 82
Industrial and commercial space 37
traffic area 179
Forest area 3573
Agricultural area 1077
Area of ​​water 12
total area 5090

The city has a rural character due to its location and structure. This is reflected in the municipality's land use. Forests, meadows and arable land (vegetation areas) together make up 92.4 percent of the urban area, as the land use table shows. The municipality has a very high proportion of forest areas, which is 70.2 percent. At 21.2 percent, the agriculturally used areas make up a significantly smaller proportion of the urban area. By contrast, the share of residential building space is only 1.6 percent. Industrial and commercial areas take up a comparatively small area share of Amorbach at 0.8 percent. The proportion of traffic area is 3.5 percent.

Protected areas

Landscape protection area

The landscape of the city of Amorbach is protected as a landscape protection area. The 30,541 hectare protected landscape area within the Bavarian Odenwald Nature Park (LSG-00562.01) extends over two districts.

Natura 2000 site

The valleys of the Odenwald brooks around Amorbach have been reported to the European Commission as part of the European Natura 2000 network (No. 6321-371). The area covered by the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive covers 552 hectares and has four protected habitat types . In addition to moist tall herbaceous meadows (6430), there are poor lowland hay meadows (6510), softwood alluvial forests with black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ) and common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) (91E0) as well as flowing waters with flooding water vegetation (3260). The brook system in the sandstone oden forest and the open slope areas are characterized by a characteristic species configuration consisting of bullhead ( Cottus gobio ), brook lamprey ( Lampetra planeri ) as well as dark blue-headed ant-blue ( Glaucopsyche nausithous ) and light blue-headed ant-blue ( Glaucopsyche teleius ).

Natural park

Amorbach is located in the 39,950 hectare Bavarian Odenwald Nature Park (BAY-01). The diverse landscape with its typical natural features was placed under protection in 1982 because it was suitable for recreation. Parts of the landscape should be made accessible to the general public and preserved in accordance with the protection purpose. The preservation of the landscape characteristic of the Bavarian Odenwald in the form of its beauty, diversity and uniqueness is a further protection purpose, in addition to ensuring the efficiency of the natural balance .

Natural monuments

The Zittenfelden spring is a designated natural monument .

Surname

Amorbach Monastery 1735

etymology

The name comes from the Amorbach of the same name , which the Mud flows into the city. Its name is derived from the grain emmer .

Amorbach around 1800
Principality of Leiningen

Earlier spellings

Earlier spellings from various historical maps and documents:

  • 993 Amerbach
  • 1144 Ammerbach
  • 1336 Amorbach

history

Until the church is planted

Originally the place emerged from the Benedictine monastery Amorbach , which gradually developed into a place that was elevated to a city in 1253. In later years, the city, located on the border between Hesse , Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg , changed rulers several times. Before 1803 it belonged to Kurmainz for a long time and thus also to the Kurheinische Reichskreis . Between 1803 and 1806 it was the residential town of the Principality of Leiningen . It only became Bavarian in 1816 . In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818 . Around 1600 there was a medieval leprosy in Amorbach , which was known as the “infirmary”.

19th to 21st century

In 1862 the Miltenberg district office was formed, on whose administrative area Amorbach was located. As everywhere in the German Reich , the term district was introduced in 1939. Amorbach was now one of the 31 communities in the old district of Miltenberg . On July 1, 1972, this merged with the district of Obernburg am Main to form the new district of Miltenberg .

From 1965 to 2015 it was a climatic health resort.

Incorporations

On April 1, 1973, the previously independent municipality of Boxbrunn was incorporated as part of the municipal reform. On January 1, 1975, the dissolved municipality of Beuchen, which was called Beuchen-Zittenfelden until 1870, added the municipality of Beuchen, while Zittenfelden was assigned to the Schneeberg market. Reichartshausen joined on January 1, 1976.

Population development

The population development was slightly positive between 1840 and 2017. In 1840 there were still 3,614 citizens living in Amorbach, in 2017 there were already 3958 inhabitants. After the Second World War there was a strong influx of people into the municipality and in 1950 the city of Amorbach had the highest population with 4640 people. Thereafter, the population trend tended to decline.

year 1840 1871 1900 1925 1939 1950 1961 1970 1987 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Residents 3614 3003 2723 2974 2884 4640 4443 4481 4273 3988 3956 3904 4011 3975 4004 3966 3984 3987 3958

Source: Population figures from the Bavarian State Office for Statistics

politics

Local election 2020
Turnout: 57.5%
 %
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
52.7%
28.7%
18.6%
FWA c
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
c Free voters Amorbach
Allocation of seats in the Amorbach City Council since 2020
   
A total of 16 seats
  • SPD : 5
  • FWA : 3
  • CSU : 8

City council

The distribution of seats in the city council after the local elections on March 15, 2020 is shown in the diagram below:

mayor

Peter Schmitt (CSU) has been at the head of the community since December 22, 2006; In 2012 he was re-elected with 95.3%; 2020 with 93.67%.

coat of arms

Blazon : In green a silver church in side view with two facade towers, hexagonal roof turret and square tower at the end of the choir. The coat of arms is documented until 1290.

Town twinning

Culture and sights

Parish Church of St. Gangolf

Parish church of St. Gangolf and market square in Amorbach

St. Gangolf, the Catholic parish church from the middle of the 18th century, is best known for the ceiling paintings and the organ.

Princely Leiningen's Palais Amorbach

Berger collection with teapot museum
The former castle mill in Amorbach
Amorbach, rows of houses on the river

Museums

The Berger Collection Museum with its teapot museum was unique, at least in Europe . In addition to exhibits of modern art by Arman , Michael Buthe , Chagall , Christo , Keith Haring , Otto Reichart , Rebecca Horn , Yves Klein , Roy Lichtenstein , Nam June Paik , Niki de Saint-Phalle , HA Schult , Daniel Spoerri , Ben Vautier , Dick Higgins and others, the museum showed the largest collection of teapots in Europe with 2,467 figural teapots from all over the world and around 500 miniature teapots. However, since the end of 2017 the museum has been closed by the private owner (according to information from the Tourist Information Amorbach).

Tithe shy

The Zehntscheuer, built in 1488, has been of central importance to the city for five centuries. Originally built to store the tax in kind of the Elector of Mainz , it was operated as a cinema in the 1960s after extensive renovations .

The culture Zehntscheuer Amorbach e. V. , who redesigned the building as a cabaret in 1991 , has set himself the task of maintaining and renovating the building located in the historic city center in addition to the program offered . The preliminary high point was the purchase of the Zehntscheuer in 2001. Over the past few years, the toilet facilities have been gradually modernized and expanded, the sloping floor from the days of the cinema has been straightened and the entire interior and exterior plaster, including paintwork, has been renovated or renewed. The whole thing was rounded off by a light and sound system and a kitchen that complies with the regulations. Old colors and techniques were used for the outer facade under expert guidance. After the new furniture, the interior impresses with its cozy atmosphere and special flair. 2,500 hours of voluntary work and well over 120,000 euros were necessary to achieve this. The purchase was made possible through donation campaigns, benefit concerts and the association's financial reserves. The second major construction phase was the upgrading of the external plaster, including painting, and a completely new roof in 2013 with a total volume of a further 100,000 euros. This measure was funded by the Joachim and Susanne Schulz Foundation, the Lower Franconia administrative region, the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection and the Bavarian State Foundation. Another goal is the renovation of the interior under the condition of preserving the style as possible.

Templar House

The Templerhaus is a medieval aristocratic residence in the style of a permanent house . It dates from the 13th century and is considered to be the oldest preserved half-timbered house in Bavaria.

Amorsbrunn Chapel

The Amorsbrunn Chapel is located in the Otterbachtal about two kilometers from the town center. It is built over a spring that was venerated as a sacred place in pre-Christian times. A previous Romanesque building was expanded in the 16th century as the pilgrimage increased. The chapel is equipped with a colored, late Gothic winged altar. The spring water is collected in a basin next to the chapel, which was used as a medicinal bath.

Jordansbad

The Jordansbad shortly after its construction in 1862

The tanner Georg Anton Jordan accidentally discovered around 1830 that the leather that came into contact with the water of his court fountain was discolored. An investigation of the water by the chemist Professor Bickel in Würzburg showed that the water also contained a good portion of sulfur in addition to lye salt, hydrochloric acid salt, iron and lime earth . Jordan then tried to sell the entire property to the city for 6,000 guilders so that they could build a spa from it, but this failed. Jordan decided to build a spa himself and had a new, more precise report drawn up, this time by the Würzburg court advisor Professor Osan. The water was characterized as an alkaline- muriatic acid with humic acid, humic iron oxide, carbonate of soda, sulfuric and phosphoric acid, as well as sulfuric lime and silica in extraordinary quantities, with which, in Osan's opinion, many ailments could be cured. According to this report, Jordan had two more wells drilled and a bathhouse set up in the back of his apartment so that he could open a bathing establishment in 1833. There were eight separate rooms with bathtubs for which hot and cold water were available. Admission was quite expensive for the time, in the early years it cost 24 kreuzers (from 1873 20 kreuzers) for a single bath and four guilders for a subscription of 12, which means a single bath cost 20 kreuzers (from 1873 18 kreuzers). In 1842 Jordan received the "license to make vinegar and liqueur distillation", which he used to run a liqueur and vinegar factory in addition to the bathing business.

After Georg Anton Jordan's death in 1848, his nephew Franz Jakob from Walldürn took over the bathing establishment and made considerable investments. Among other things, the bathing building was renovated and a river pool was built on the Billbach. Around 1860 the bathhouse was completely renovated and enlarged. On December 20, 1866, after several attempts, Jordan received the concession document with which he was granted the right to brew and tap. So he was able to run an inn (later "Gasthaus zum Deutschen Hof") with a small brewery and a small distillery for the bathing business. From October 1876 his son Wilhelm took over all the business. The pool operation reached its peak around 1890. After that, the number of visitors decreased steadily, which was due on the one hand to the increasingly poor water quality due to wastewater pollution and on the other hand to the decreasing interest in the apparently old-fashioned water treatments. In 1913 the baths were closed and the springs were filled in.

Architectural monuments

The Gangolf ride that takes place annually on Mother's Day

Regular events

  • Amorbach abbey concerts in the former Benedictine abbey church
  • Cabaret and cabaret program in the cabaret Zehntscheuer Amorbach
  • Every year on Mother's Day the so-called Gangolfsritt takes place, a horse parade across the city.
  • Every year in June is the popular race dinghy run with 8.4 km instead of through the city and the Sea Garden.
  • Every year in June, the summer frenzy takes place in the Seegarten - an open-air cabaret festival.

Economy and Infrastructure

In the period between 2012 and 2017, the number of employees subject to social security contributions in Amorbach increased slightly. While there were 1395 employees in 2012, the number rose to 1445 in 2017, with the proportion of female and male employees largely being balanced. In 2017 there were 764 male employees compared to 681 female employees. The number of people in employment in the manufacturing sector was highest in 2017 at 757. There are 373 employees in the service sector and 221 in trade, transport and hospitality. In agriculture, forestry and fishing, no employees have been employed since 2016, despite the high proportion of forest in the municipality.

Amorbach woos tourists seeking relaxation with its numerous baroque buildings.

Hotel Post, Schmiedsgasse 2: the only place on this questionable planet ... where I basically still feel at home. Adorno after returning from exile.

Even Theodor W. Adorno , who regularly stayed as a regular in Amorbach, contributed to the recognition. The Hotel Post, where he spent several summers with his family as a child, had become a second home for the scholar. About the relationship Amorbach to Adorno, a radio report of was July 9, 2012 Ludger Fittkau in Germany Kultur broadcast, comes in Adorno's appreciation expressed Amorbach. The old German wine tavern in the Poststuben restaurant was supplied by Adorno's father with wine from his Wiesengrund wine shop in Frankfurt. Adorno, who was a student of Alban Berg and sided with Schoenberg , claims to have found the way to atonal music in Amorbach .

The mother-of-pearl industry, which still existed around 1960, can only be found occasionally in the hands of artists. Amorbach is the headquarters of the Princely House of Leiningen . In 1992 the city was awarded the Europa Nostra Medal .

On September 24, 1948, Friedrich-Karl Rogge founded today's Odenwald fiberboard factory in Amorbach with currently around 470 employees.

traffic

The federal road 47 , the Nibelungenstraße , leads through the village on the way from Michelstadt in the west to Walldürn in the east. In the city, the federal highway 469 branches off to the north and leads along the Mud to Miltenberg. State road St 2311 branches off in a south-westerly direction and leads via Kirchzell to the state border to Baden-Württemberg and on to Eberbach am Neckar . The station with a railway museum is on the Seckach – Miltenberg (KBS 784), also known as the Madonnenlandbahn . In Seckach the line branches off from the Neckarelz – Osterburken line and in Miltenberg from the Maintalbahn . In Seckach there is a connection to the Rhein-Neckar S-Bahn , which is integrated into the Rhein-Neckar transport association (VRN). The station is also part of the transitional tariff area of ​​the Rhein-Main transport association .

The public transport is the transport association at the Bavarian Lower Main operated.

Long-distance cycle routes

The following cycle paths lead through the city :

Hiking trails

The Nibelungensteig , a 130-kilometer long long- distance hiking trail certified with the quality seal “Quality Walkable Germany” , runs through Amorbach and runs through the Odenwald from west to east. The west loop of the 794 km long Franconian Marienweg also leads north of the town center through the Bürgerpark.

schools

  • Karl-Ernst-Gymnasium Amorbach
  • Theresia-Gerhardinger-Realschule of the Diocese of Würzburg
  • Parzival Middle School
  • Wolfram-von-Eschenbach primary school

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Karl von Tubeuf in the 1930s

Others

See also

literature

  • Georg Dehio: "Amorbach" in the handbook of German art monuments . Volume 1, 1914.
  • Walter Hotz : Amorbacher Cicerone. Art-historical guide through the abbey and town with Amorsbrunn, Gotthard, Wildenberg, Waldleiningen and the parish villages . 5th, revised and supplemented edition, Amorbach 1976
  • Norbert Schmitt: Amorbacher Familienbuch 1618–1913, with information about the families of Amorbach (town), Beuchen, Boxbrunn (with Neidhof), Buch (with Walkmühle), Gönz (with Sansenhof; until 1878), Gottersdorf (with Kummershof; until 1908 ), Neudorf, Otterbach (with sheep farm), Reichartshausen and Zittenfeld, as well as Schneeberg and Hambrunn (1618–1688) . Parish of St. Gangolf, Amorbach 1998.
  • Pleikard Joseph Stumpf : Amorbach . In: Bavaria: a geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the kingdom; for the Bavarian people . Second part. Munich 1853, p. 797-798 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Amorbach  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Amorbach  - travel guide
Wikisource: Amorbach in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts
Wikisource: Amorbach in the Topographia Colonia et al. (Matthäus Merian)  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ City administration Amorbach: Town hall & citizen services. Retrieved May 16, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Map of the main natural space units and natural space units in Bavaria. (PDF) Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on October 2, 2019 .
  4. ↑ www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de
  5. ^ Geological map of Bavaria 1: 500,000. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 1, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Amorbach. City of Amorbach, accessed October 1, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Digital geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 (dGK25). In: BayernAtlas. State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying; Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on October 2, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Overview soil map of Bavaria 1: 25,000. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 2, 2019 .
  9. ^ Benjamin Tulun: Climate - Amorbach. Retrieved October 2, 2019 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e City of Amorbach 09 676 112. In: Statistics communal 2018. Bavarian State Office for Statistics, January 31, 2019, accessed on October 2, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Landscape protection areas. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 2, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Green list of landscape protection areas in Lower Franconia. Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), December 31, 2017, accessed on October 2, 2019 .
  13. ^ Fauna-flora-habitat areas. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 3, 2019 .
  14. ↑ a b c Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, September 18, 2019, accessed on October 3, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Area no. 6321-371 / area name valleys of the Odenwald brooks around Amorbach. In: Area data NATURA 2000. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, 2016, accessed on October 3, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Nature parks. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 4, 2019 .
  17. ↑ a b Ordinance on the "Bavarian Odenwald Nature Park". Bavarian State Chancellery, accessed on October 4, 2019 .
  18. ↑ a b Wolf-Armin von Reitzenstein : Lexicon of Franconian place names. Origin and meaning . Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia, Lower Franconia. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-59131-0 , p. 25 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  19. ↑ J. Belker: Documentation: Medieval Leprosoria in Today's Bavaria ... Society for Leprosy Association Münster, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved September 17, 2019 (original website no longer available).
  20. ↑ http://www.amorbach.de/index.php?c=hcpg&p=40 Chronicle of the city of Amorbach
  21. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 523 .
  22. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 750 .
  23. ↑ Hartmut Holl: Future of the City of Amorbach Integrated urban development concept. City of Amorbach, June 4, 2013, accessed October 5, 2019 .
  24. ↑ www.wahlen.bayern.de
  25. ↑ Amorbach website, composition of the city council
  26. ^ Entry on the coat of arms of Amorbach  in the database of the House of Bavarian History
  27. ^ Zehntscheuer Amorbach culture group
  28. ↑ Bernhard Springer: "Bath with undreamt-of healing effects". In: Main-Echo special for Michaelismesse Miltenberg 2012 from August 2012.
  29. ^ Website of the organizer of the dinghy run
  30. ↑ www.suhrkamp.de
  31. ↑ www.perlentaucher.de
  32. ↑ Lorenz Jäger: When I expose myself to the sun. In: FAZ.net . August 7, 2010, accessed December 17, 2014 .
  33. ↑ Ludger Fittkau: No plaque for a "left sock". The place Amorbach is silent about Adorno. In: deutschlandradio. July 9, 2012, accessed May 20, 2018 .
  34. ↑ Katharina Eickhoff: Expeditions into the German Heart Part II. Adorno's longing for the Odenwald. SWR2 music lesson, January 20, 2015, accessed on May 20, 2018 .
  35. ↑ Reinhard Pabst (ed.): Theodor W. Adorno. Childhood in Amorbach. Island paperback. Frankfurt / Leipzig 2003 ( ISBN 3-458-34623-6 )