Oskar Martin-Amorbach
Oskar Martin-Amorbach (born March 27, 1897 in Amorbach , † October 11, 1987 in Roßholzen ) was a German painter .
Life
Oskar Martin, who later added his place of birth to his name, was born on March 27, 1897 as the son of an accountant in the service of Prince zu Leiningen in the Franconian Odenwald town of Amorbach. His talent for drawing was recognized as a schoolboy, so that his wish to become a painter was granted. Martin-Amorbach completed a one-year internship at the Bensheim painting school before he was accepted into the Royal School of Applied Arts in Munich in 1914 .
In 1916 he had to do his military service and took part in the First World War as a reporter and divisional draftsman . He was badly wounded in the Battle of Flanders. It was not until 1920 that Martin-Amorbach was able to continue his painting studies in Munich as a student of professors Carl Johann Becker-Gundahl and Franz von Stuck , whose master class he became.
After completing his studies and getting married, Martin-Amorbach moved to Samerberg im Chiemgau, where he became the youngest member of the artists' association “ Die Welle ”.
He became known to a wider public through his fresco in the Munich Glass Palace , the predecessor of the Haus der Deutschen Kunst . The 25 m² crucifixion group recommended him for commissions to design churches with ceiling and wall paintings.
On July 16, 1939, he was awarded the title of professor in Munich. In 1943 he was appointed professor of history painting at the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts .
The painting style and choice of motifs in Martin-Amorbach's works were predestined for adoption by the National Socialist art policy. Rural-peasant motifs and depictions of war were topics that were of particular importance for the Nazi ideology. After all modern art was banned in 1936, only the traditional academic genre or genre painting remained, which as “new German painting” was now primarily intended to convey political messages through programmatic visual themes. The first highlight of this “new German art” was the Great German Art Exhibition from July 19 to October 31, 1937 in the House of German Art in Munich. Further exhibitions followed annually until 1944. Martin-Amorbach was with ten of his works, such as der Bauerngrazie (1940) involved. In 1938 Hitler bought his painting Erntegang from him for 12,000 RM, although it had a religious background.
The peasant genre, represented in the successor of Wilhelm Leibl and Franz von Defregger in the style of the new objectivity , should with the motifs of plowing, sowing and harvesting the peasantry as a "source of blood and life" and the backbone of the "German people's power" and the " ethnic ethos ”show. The pictures The Sower (1937) and Erntegang perfectly corresponded to these ideological guidelines. Martin-Amorbach also contributed to the war themes with the picture You drive death (1942). At the exhibitions of German artists and the SS in 1944 in Breslau , he showed a picture of “a weir farmer struggling for his clod” and an early spring in Salzburg .
His popularity in the Third Reich put a strain on his further artistic work after 1945. In 1950, Bishop Julius Döpfner commissioned him to rework and add to the frescoes in the Würzburg Neumünster Church , which had been badly damaged by the bombing of Würzburg on March 16, 1945 . Martin-Amorbach carried out this work in 1950/51.
In 1957 he created the mural Abendland for the hall staircase of the Mozart School in Würzburg . The monochrome incised image depicts the culture of the West in important people of cultural history and outstanding buildings.
Oskar Martin-Amorbach died on October 11, 1987 in Roßholzen, Upper Bavaria.
Works (selection)
- Fresco crucifixion group in the Munich Glass Palace
- Six frescoes with scenes from the life of Jesus in the parish church of Lohr am Main
- 1925 Ceiling fresco of the 14 helpers and depiction of the coronation of the Virgin Mary on the high altar in the Amorbach-Beuchen church
- 1931 Three altarpieces ( Immaculate Conception , Elisabeth of Thuringia , Wendelin ) in the parish church of Weselberg
- 1931 Ceiling frescoes in the nave in the parish church of the Assumption in Tirschenreuth
- 1934 painting Entry of Petrus Canisius in the Jesuit Church in Munich-Pullach
- 1934–1940 painting of three domes in the Trinity Church in Kappl near Waldsassen
- Church in Pirmasens
- 1935 Resurrection fresco and dance of death in the funeral hall in the Ingolstadt cemetery
- 1935 Wall fresco Bayreuth market hall
- 1936 Staircase painting Entry of Petrus Canisius into the University of Ingolstadt in the high school in Ingolstadt
- 1936 Ceiling fresco in the monastery church St. Johann im Gnadenthal, Ingolstadt
- 1937 painting The Sower
- 1938 painting Vier Jahreszeiten ( in the canteen and crew building of the Penzing air base )
- 1939 Mosaic design for the Ingolstadt Hospital Church
- 1940 tempera painting peasant Venus
- 1941 Bay fresco for the Sparkasse Ingolstadt, Schillerstraße
- 1942 painting You drive death
- 1950/51 Revision and addition of the frescoes of the Neumünster Church in Würzburg, which were badly damaged by the bombing on March 16, 1945
- 1950/51 Ceiling painting in the Florian-Geyer-Stube in the Würzburg wine house Zum Stachel
- 1952 oil painting reclining nude with black cat
- 1954 mural at the DRV Frankenklinik in Bad Kissingen , Menzelstrasse
- 1957 Monochrome incised mural The Occident for the Mozart School in Würzburg
- 1968 Eleven oil paintings for the golden hall of the Augsburg town hall
- 1980 Historical mural for the conference room of the Volkach town hall
Awards
- 1925 Rome price
- 1982 honor plate of the city of Amorbach
Individual evidence
- ^ Fritz Alexander Kaufmann The New German Painting , 1941
- ↑ http://www.thirdreichruins.com/kunsthaus3.htm
- ↑ http://www.thirdreichruins.com/misc_sites2.htm
literature
- Reinhard Müller-Mehlis "Art in the Third Reich", Munich 1976, ISBN 3-453-41173-0
- Otto Thomae “The Propaganda Machine. Fine arts and public relations in the Third Reich ”, Berlin 1978, ISBN 3786111596
- Ernst Klee : "Oskar Martin-Amorbach" entry in ders .: The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5
Web links
- Memories of Professor Oskar Martin-Amorbach
- www.hausderdeutschenkunst.de
- Examples of pictures
- Project work on the topic of "Degenerate Art" (PDF file; 124 kB)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Martin-Amorbach, Oskar |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 27, 1897 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Amorbach |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 11, 1987 |
| Place of death | Rosewood |