Walldürn

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Walldürn
Walldürn
Map of Germany, position of the city of Walldürn highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 35 '  N , 9 ° 22'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Karlsruhe
County : Neckar-Odenwald district
Height : 416 m above sea level NHN
Area : 105.88 km 2
Residents: 11,518 (Dec 31, 2018)
Population density : 109 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 74731, 63928
Primaries : 06282, 06285, 06286
License plate : MOS, BCH
Community key : 08 2 25 109
LOCODE : DE RWS

City administration address : 		Burgstrasse 3
74731 Walldürn
Website : www.wallduern.de
Mayor : Markus Günther ( CDU )
Location of the city of Walldürn in the Neckar-Odenwald district
Hessen Bayern Hohenlohekreis Landkreis Heilbronn Main-Tauber-Kreis Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Adelsheim Aglasterhausen Billigheim Binau Buchen (Odenwald) Elztal (Odenwald) Fahrenbach Hardheim Haßmersheim Höpfingen Hüffenhardt Limbach (Baden) Mosbach Mudau Neckargerach Neckarzimmern Neunkirchen (Baden) Obrigheim (Baden) Osterburken Ravenstein Rosenberg (Baden) Schefflenz Schwarzach (Odenwald) Seckach Waldbrunn (Odenwald) Walldürn Zwingenberg (Baden)map
About this picture
Aerial photo 2008
City center with pilgrimage basilica

Walldürn is a town in the Neckar-Odenwald district in Baden-Württemberg , known for the pilgrimage to the blood miracle of Walldürn . It belongs to the European metropolitan region of Rhine-Neckar (until May 20, 2003 the Lower Neckar region and until December 31, 2005 the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region ). The municipality is located in the Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park .

geography

location

Walldürn borders in the north on Schneeberg , Miltenberg , and Eichenbühl , district Miltenberg in Lower Franconia , then the following communities of the Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis join in clockwise direction : Hardheim , Höpfingen , Rosenberg and Buchen .

City structure

The city of Walldürn consists of the ten districts Walldürn-Stadt, Altheim , Gerolzahn , Glashofen , Gottersdorf , Hornbach , Kaltenbrunn , Reinhardsachsen , Rippberg and Wettersdorf . The districts are spatially identical to the earlier communities of the same name. With the exception of the Walldürn-Stadt district, they are officially named in the form "Walldürn, district ...".

The Dörntal and Kudach farms and the Untermühle farm belong to the Altheim district. The Kummershof homestead belongs to the Gerolzahn district. The Waldhufensiedlung Neusaß belongs to the Glashofen district . The Hornbach district includes the villages of Großhornbach and Kleinhornbach. The village of Kaltenbrunn and the house Spritzenmühle belong to the Kaltenbrunn district. The settlement Waldfrieden and the house Linkenmühle belong to the district of Rippberg. The houses in the Rippberger Tal am Marsbach (Miltenberger Straße) belong to the Walldürn-Stadt district .

In the district Altheim lie deserted villages Rützenhaus and Kalshof, the only field names suggest.

history

Roman times

In the area of ​​Walldürn, which was already settled in pre-Roman times, there is a section of the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes from Roman times, from the remains of a fort founded in the middle of the 2nd century AD with the foundations of a bathhouse and several restored ones Watchtowers are preserved. Only a little south of the city began an 80 km long, dead straight section of this border with Germania , which reached as far as Alfdorf in the Welzheimer Forest .

Walldürn around 1670
Pilgrimage around 1820
Walldürn Castle

Founding until the Middle Ages

Walldürn was first mentioned as turninu in the Lorsch Codex in 794 . The missionary work and with it the settlement of the area started from the nearby Amorbach monastery . Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa transferred the bailiwick over the monastery with extensive lands to his follower Ruprecht, first mentioned in 1171, who had his administrative seat in Dürn or moved it there and called himself de Durne ( von Dürn ). As a result, the Lords of Dürn were one of the most influential families in the area for several generations, and numerous cities were founded. This is how Dürn was first named as a city in 1291. During the fall of the Lords of Dürn, the city of Dürn came into the possession of the Archbishop of Mainz in 1294. After the blood miracle of Walldürn in 1330, the pilgrimage to Dürn began, which was first called Walldürn in 1423 . In 1448 a town hall was built, in 1486 the town received market rights , and in 1492 a Mainz winery was built in place of the old mansion of the Lords of Dürn. After several Walldürner councilors sided with the rebellious peasants in the German Peasants' War, the municipality subsequently lost its town charter, which it was not formally granted again until 1948.

Part of the Grand Duchy of Baden

With the political reorganization of southwest Germany in the course of the Napoleonic wars and the accompanying secularization of the clerical principalities, Walldürn came to the Principality of Leiningen in 1803 and to Baden in 1807 .

Revolution of 1848/49

In addition to the social grievances in Walldürn, the princely rule also caused unrest here in 1848. Serfdom and some taxes in kind were abolished in 1820, but the other taxes continued to burden the peasants excessively, with the result that some of them lost their homes and homes. In addition, there were bad harvests in 1842 and 1845, which led to the establishment of a soup kitchen in 1847. In the same year the first leaflets appeared in which the Friends of the Fatherland called for the expulsion of the nobility. Master saddler Karl Thaddäus Keim and his son Christian led meetings and debates in the “Stern” inn and discussed, among other things, the basic rights of citizens. The local council responded by attempting to send a letter of allegiance and thanks to the Grand Duke in Karlsruhe, in the hope of being able to keep possible unrest in check. Due to the negative attitude of individual municipal councils, however, a petition was instead sent to the Baden Second Chamber, in which it was asked to remove all indirect taxes. City pastor Franz Joseph Faulhaber did not accept the petition in his capacity as titan.

At the beginning of March 1848, the Revolutionary Council decided , like the Buchen farmers, to move to the responsible rent office in Amorbach and, above all, to demand the surrender of the interest books. Permission was requested from Bode, but the latter refused. The angry crowd then moved to the rectory and forced pastor Faulhaber to waive large parts of the annual timber delivery. Doors and windows of the rectory were smashed. The train next went to the Jew Aaron Sender, to whom some citizens were in debt. His warehouse was looted and the debtors' books destroyed.

The next day the Karlsruhe government dispatched troops, one of which also arrived in Walldürn. Keim and his son and followers of theirs were arrested and released. The two leaders faced several years' imprisonment, after which they fled. The Walldürner office asked for the troops to remain in the city.

On May 16, 1849, the Volksverein was founded in Walldürn with chairman Joseph Matthäus Schachleiter; the citizens' association existed before that . As a result, the vigilante group and the virgin association came into being , whose members vowed never to shake hands at the altar to a youth who was not now going out to fight . Vigilante groups joined the vigilante group, and in order to be able to parry a counter-attack by the Prussian troops whom the Grand Duke had called for help, the Volkswehr, as the vigilante had been called since June 1849, was called on June 7, 1849 to mobilize. This contingent, which also included a number of citizens from other localities, advanced through the Neckar Valley against the Prussians, but was pushed back and withdrew to their hometowns.

With the entry of the 5th Prussian Jäger Battalion into the Franconian region of Baden, the supremacy of the Grand Duke was secured again and the revolution ended. One company remained in Walldürn until September 1, 1852.

Incorporations

On July 1, 1971, Reinhardsachsen and on December 31, 1971 Altheim were incorporated. Rippberg, Gottersdorf and Wettersdorf followed on December 1, 1972. With the incorporation of Gerolzahn, Glashofen, Hornbach and Kaltenbrunn on January 1, 1975, the municipal reform was completed.

Religions

Memorial for the Walldürner Jews deported to the Gurs concentration camp on October 22, 1940

Christianity

The Reformation did not find its way into Walldürn, so that the population was almost exclusively Catholic for a long time. In addition to the pilgrimage basilica of St. Georg, there is the St. Mary's Church. Both belong to the Walldürn pastoral care unit . Only after the admission of displaced persons after the Second World War did the proportion of Protestants rise slightly. In 1947 a Protestant parish was set up and a church was built in 1951. At the 1987 census, 85.7 percent of Walldürner were Catholic and 10.9 percent Protestant.

Walldürn Jewish community

The Jewish community of Walldürn already existed in the Middle Ages. The Jewish community of Walldürn was affected by the persecution of the Jews in 1298, 1335/37 and 1348/49 and went under during this time. From 1378 Jews lived in Walldürn again. However, these were expelled in 1470 with the other Jews of the Archbishopric Mainz. The emergence of a modern Jewish community in Walldürn goes back to the 18th century, as in the time around 1700 Jewish residents were again mentioned in Walldürn. The Jewish community of Walldürn had its own synagogue , a Jewish religious school and a ritual bath . The community's dead were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Bödigheim . In 1827 the Jewish community of Walldürn was assigned to the Merchingen district rabbinate , which was later looked after by the district rabbi in Mosbach . After 1933, some of them left the city because of the Nazi reprisals. The increasing economic boycott of Jewish shops as well as the increasing disenfranchisement and other reprisals ensured that Jewish residents of Walldürn moved away or emigrated. The last ten Jews were deported to Gurs concentration camp in 1940.

Of the Jewish people who were born in Walldürn or who lived in the city for a long time, twelve people died during the National Socialist era .

politics

historical town hall

Municipal council

The parish council typically has 26 honorary members who are elected for five years. The municipal councils use the designation city council. Often the number of members increases through compensatory seats (total 2019: 33 seats; 2014: 31). In addition, the mayor acts as the municipal council chairman with voting rights.

The Unechte Teilorteschahl guarantees the districts a fixed number of seats: there are at least 16 councilors from Walldürn-Stadt, at least three councilors from Altheim and Rippberg-Hornbach, and at least one council from Glashofen-Gerolzahn, Gottersdorf, Reinhardsachsen-Kaltenbrunn and Wettersdorf.

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

Municipal Council 2019
Party / list Share of votes Seats
CDU 40.8% (+0.6) 14 (+1)
SPD 34.4% (+4.6) 11 (+2)
Democratic Christian Citizens (DCB) 17.9% (+1.4) 6 (+1)
AfD 5.9% (+5.9) 2 (+2)
Turnout: 58.2% (+5.3)

For the seven smaller residential districts, local councils with local chiefs as their chairmen have been set up.

mayor

Markus Günther (CDU) has been mayor since 2007.

See also: List of Mayors of the City of Walldürn

coat of arms

Blazon : "In silver on green ground between two green linden trees, a tinned red castle with a tower on the right and a raised portcullis in the open gate of the tower, floating above a red shield leaning against the tower, in which there is a six-spoke silver wheel, the Mainz wheel . "

Interpretation: Trees and castle could "speak" for the place name, but also refer to the former castle or be meant as a city symbol. The coat of arms of the Electorate of Mainz was sometimes replaced by the coat of arms of Baden in the 19th century.

Town twinning

There has been a town partnership with Montereau-Fault-Yonne in France since 1970. The municipality of Küllstedt in Eichsfeld, Thuringia, is also Walldürner's partner municipality. In March 2005 a third town partnership was signed with the Hungarian city of Szentgotthárd .

Culture and sights

Pilgrimage Basilica of St. George
Pedestrian zone

The landscape region in the Odenwald , in which the city is located, is also known as the “ Madonna Land ” because of the numerous statues of the Madonna and wayside shrines that are on the houses or along the paths . The tourist routes Deutsche Limes-Straße and Siegfried-Straße lead through the city and invite you to visit the various sights. The Catholic pilgrimage to the Holy Blood (exhibition of a corporal ) is an annual highlight in the region.

Numerous historical buildings can be seen in the core area, including the oldest intact town hall in Germany (built in 1448). Numerous old historical buildings have already been renovated, including the “Mollenhof” area (1980–1983), the “Riesen” area (1983–1986), a stately home that has become a stylish country inn, and the municipal slaughterhouse (2001–2002 ), which now houses the city's “youth and cultural center”.

Museums

City and pilgrimage museum

Part of the cultural institutions are the city and pilgrimage museum , the Odenwälder Freilandmuseum in Walldürn-Gottersdorf with historical village buildings, the light museum in the Wettersdorf district, the culture and art museum, the ivory museum and the museum Zeit (T) räume.

Buildings and monuments

Leisure and sports facilities

Walldürn has a range of leisure activities with indoor and outdoor pools, sauna, tennis (indoor and outdoor), bowling alleys, golf course, high ropes course, game reserve, pony rides, stagecoach rides, bike and hiking trails as well as a play and recreation facility in the Marsbach Valley.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The Braun plant in Walldürn serves as the production facility for the company's entire razor area and in 2014 still employed around 1,000 people, although these will be reduced to 750 as part of a restructuring process. Walldürn is traditionally characterized by medium-sized businesses. Between the 1880s and 1950s, Příbram was an important location for pearl wreath production. After the production of pearl wreaths in Oberreifenberg was discontinued in the 1950s , Walldürn was the only production location of this dying industry.

An important economic factor and employer was and is the Bundeswehr with the troops and services stationed in the Nibelungen barracks.

Airfield

traffic

Walldürn has four connections to the federal motorway 81 , which runs south from Würzburg towards Heilbronn / Stuttgart , via junctions 3 to 6 ( Tauberbischofsheim , Ahorn , Boxberg and Osterburken ) around 20 to 30 km away . The federal road 27 connects Walldürn in a southerly direction with the Neckar valley near Mosbach , in the north with the A 81 near Tauberbischofsheim. The federal road 47 coming via Michelstadt from the Pfalz and the Rhine valley ( Worms ) ends at Walldürn-Stadt on the B 27.

The station Walldürn is located on the railway line Seckach-Miltenberg ( KBS 784 ), also Madonnenlandbahn called. Local airfield is the airfield Wallduern with the ( ICAO -Kennung: EDEW).

Bike trails

The following cycle paths lead through the city :

Hiking trails

The following hiking trails lead through the urban area :

Public facilities

Essential public facilities are the geriatric center "St. Josef", the nursing home of the AWO "Maria Rast", the children's home St. Kilian, the youth and Cultural center "Alter Schlachthof" as well as the Odenwald Hospiz. The closest hospitals are in Buchen (approx. 10 km) and Hardheim (approx. 12 km).

armed forces

The logistics battalion 461 is stationed in the Nibelungen barracks of the Bundeswehr . Up until 1992/93 the Panzergrenadierbataillon 362 , the Panzerartilleriebataillon 365 , up to 2002 parts of the repair battalion 12 and from 1993 to 2002 the rocket artillery battalion 122 were stationed here.

education

In addition to the Walldürn primary school, Walldürn-Stadt also has the Auerberg-Werkrealschule, the Konrad-von-Dürn-Realschule, the private Nardini-Schule (special educational and advisory center with a focus on emotional and social development), the municipal music school and the Frankenlandschule Walldürn with the branches of education business high school, commercial vocational college I, commercial vocational college II, commercial vocational college business informatics, business school, vocational school for office technology and commercial vocational school.

Personalities

literature

  • Department State Description of the General State Archives Karlsruhe (edit.), State Archives Directorate Baden-Württemberg in connection with the Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis (Ed.): The Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis . Sigmaringen 1992, ISBN 3-7995-6047-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 270-275
  3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [trans.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2843, October 14, 794 - Reg. 2486. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, accessed on March 31, 2015 .
  4. ^ Revolution in the Southwest. Sites of the democracy movement 1848/49 in Baden-Württemberg. Edited by the working group of full-time archivists in the Baden-Württemberg Association of Cities. INFO Verlag, Karlsruhe 1997, ISBN 3-88190-219-8 , pp. 686-691
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 474 and 485 .
  6. ^ A b Alemannia Judaica: Walldürn (Neckar-Odenwald district) Jewish history / prayer hall / synagogue . Working group for research into the history of the Jews in southern Germany and neighboring areas. Online at www.alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
  7. ↑ Information based on the lists from Yad Vashem, Jerusalem.
  8. ↑ Information from "Memorial Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933-1945".
  9. ^ City of Walldürn: Main Statute, §16 ; accessed June 30, 2019.
  10. ↑ Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office: Municipal council elections 2019, City of Walldürn ; City of Walldürn: City Council Election 2019 (PDF) ; Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , May 27, 2019: This is the new municipal council in Walldürn ; accessed June 30, 2019.
  11. ^ City of Walldürn: Main Statute, §18 ; accessed June 30, 2019.
  12. ↑ Walldürn: Do you sell brown? Company denied. Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung, August 20, 2014, accessed on March 9, 2015 .
  13. ↑ RadSüden.de: Odenwald-Madonnen-Radweg ( Memento of the original from April 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.radsüden.de. Retrieved December 8, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.xn--radsden-q2a.de

Web links

Commons : Walldürn  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Walldürn  - Travel Guide