Beeches (Odenwald)
coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 49 ° 31 ' N , 9 ° 19' E |
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Basic data | ||
State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
Administrative region : | Karlsruhe | |
County : | Neckar-Odenwald district | |
Height : | 337 m above sea level NHN | |
Area : | 138.99 km 2 | |
Residents: | 17,796 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
Population density : | 128 inhabitants per km 2 | |
Postal code : | 74722 | |
Primaries : | 06281, 06286, 06287, 06292 | |
License plate : | MOS, BCH | |
Community key : | 08 2 25 014 | |
LOCODE : | DE BUC | |
City structure: | 14 districts | |
City administration address : |
Wimpinaplatz 3 74722 Buchen (Odenwald) |
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Website : | ||
Mayor : | Roland Burger ( CDU ) | |
Location of the city of Buchen (Odenwald) in the Neckar-Odenwald district | ||
Buchen (Odenwald) is a town in the Neckar-Odenwald district in the north of Baden-Württemberg . It belongs to the European metropolitan region of Rhine-Neckar (until May 20, 2003 the Lower Neckar region and until December 31, 2005 the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region ). In the Middle Ages, Buchen belonged to Kurmainz and until 1973 was the district town of the dissolved, agricultural district of Buchen .
geography
Location and natural space
Buchen is located in the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region at the transition between the southeastern Odenwald and the building land at 250 to 500 m above sea level. NHN , in the triangle of the big cities Mannheim , Würzburg and Heilbronn .
Buchen borders the Miltenberg district in Lower Franconia in the north , then the following communities in the Neckar-Odenwald district join in clockwise direction: Walldürn , Rosenberg , Osterburken , Seckach , Limbach and Mudau .
The municipality belongs to the Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park and the Bergstrasse-Odenwald Geo-Nature Park and is crossed by the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes .
City structure
The municipality of Buchen (Odenwald) consists of the 14 districts Bödigheim , Buchen-Stadt, Eberstadt , Einbach , Götzingen , Hainstadt , Hettigenbeuern , Hettingen , Hollerbach , Oberneudorf , Rinschheim , Stürzenhardt , Untereudorf and Waldhausen . The districts are spatially identical to the earlier municipalities of the same name, with the exception of the Buchen-Stadt district, their official name is in the form "Buchen (Odenwald) - ...".
Buchen-Stadt includes the residential areas Am Weidenbaum, Hainstadter Mühle, Mittelmühle and Am Kaltenberg. The Höfe Faustenhof, Greek parents' farms, settlement farms Hohlenstein, Roßhof and Sechelseehöfe as well as the house Sägmühle belong to the district of Bödigheim. The Einbacher Mühle homestead belongs to the Einbach district . The Hollerstocksiedlung belongs to the district of Hettingen. The Untereudorfer Mühle house belongs to the Untereudorf district. The Glashof homestead belongs to the Waldhausen district.
In the district of Eberstadt are the deserted areas of Klarenhof and Reinstadt, in the district of Götzingen the deserted areas of Rönningen and Buklingen.
Climate table
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for beeches
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Data for the period from 2008 to 2018
history
Buchen was first mentioned as Bucheim in the Lorsch Codex , the document book of the Lorsch Monastery , on the occasion of a donation to the monastery in 773 . Further donations followed. The place was already settled in prehistoric times and during the time of the Romans. The so-called “Front Limes” of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes ran about five kilometers to the east . At the time of the Carolingians, it was under the influence of the Amorbach monastery , whose bailiffs, the Lords of Dürn , acquired jurisdiction and bailiwick rights to beeches. During the time of the tribal duchies, the place was in the Duchy of Franconia . In the second half of the 13th century the place was granted city rights , and in 1280 Buchen was first officially designated as a city. When the Lords of Dürn went down, Buchen was sold to Kurmainz in 1303/09 and remained there for 500 years. In 1346, beeches formed the nine-city federation with Amorbach , Aschaffenburg , Dieburg , Külsheim , Miltenberg , Seligenstadt , Tauberbischofsheim and Walldürn .
In 1382, Elector Ruprecht I failed in an attempt to break the city during a dispute with Kurmainz. The well-fortified medieval city fortifications were reinforced again around 1490 and now also enclosed the suburb to the west. The watch tower was also built or renewed in 1490 . The so-called stone building dates from 1493 as the seat of the Electorate of Mainz . The city was very important as a market town early on. In addition to the four large annual markets (Carnival market, May market, Jakobimarkt and Martinimarkt), the yarn, cloth and horse markets and the weekly market held every Monday were particularly well known.
During the Peasants' War in 1525, Götz von Berlichingen was obliged against his will to be captain of the peasant heap in the courtyard of the stone house (today the museum courtyard). After the defeat of the peasants, the League of Nine Cities was effectively dissolved by the sovereignty , and Buchen lost its right to self-government.
During the Thirty Years' War the place was first conquered by the Swedes. But around 1634 these had to give way to imperial troops. In 1635 a plague epidemic broke out, killing 369 residents of the city and many residents of the surrounding villages. The citizens vowed to celebrate the feast day of St. Roch (August 16) every year with a service and a solemn procession through the city. This vow was renewed in the typhus winter 1942/43 and is kept to this day. In 1688 French troops ravaged the city. A lightning strike caused another catastrophic fire in the city center in 1717, which destroyed around half of the buildings, including the old town hall and the roof structure of the church.
In 1803, after the dissolution of the Electorate of Mainz , Buchen was assigned to the Principality of Leiningen, which had been relocated by order of Napoleon , within the framework of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , 1806 then to the Grand Duchy of Baden . In 1815 three of the city towers were demolished, only the western gate tower ( Mainzer Tor ) remained. The Baden Revolution of 1848/49 also found support in Buchen.
Buchen was already the seat of an office in the Electorate of Mainz . The city retained this position as the administrative center even under the rule of Leining and Baden. In 1938 the Buchen district office became the Buchen district .
The synagogues in Buchen and Bödigheim were desecrated during the so-called Reichspogromnacht in 1938 . In the following deportations , of the 34 Jewish residents living in Buchen in 1933, at least 13 were killed. The former association cemetery in Bödigheim is still a witness of the earlier Jewish community life in the closer, strongly Catholic area.
As part of the district reform in 1973, the district of Buchen was dissolved and the city was incorporated into the new Neckar-Odenwald district. On December 1, 1971, Stürzenhardt was incorporated into Buchen (Odenwald). On December 1, 1972, Unterneudorf was added. The communities Bödigheim, Einbach, Oberneudorf and Waldhausen were incorporated on December 31, 1973. Today's city was re-formed on October 1, 1974 by the union of the city of Buchen (Odenwald) and the communities of Götzingen, Hainstadt, Hettigenbeuern and Hettingen. Rinschheim joined them on the same day. On January 1, 1975, Eberstadt and Hollerbach were incorporated.
In 1986 the Baden-Württemberg Home Days took place in Buchen .
politics
Municipal council
The parish council typically has 26 honorary members who are elected for five years. The municipal councils use the designation city council. Often the number of members increases through compensatory seats (total 2019: 33 seats; 2014: 31). In addition, the mayor acts as the municipal council chairman with voting rights.
The Unechte Teilorteschahl guarantees the districts a fixed number of seats: from the main town of Buchen (with Hollerbach) at least ten, from Hettingen at least three, from Götzingen and Hainstadt at least two councils each, and from Bödigheim, Eberstadt, Einbach, Hettigenbeuern, Oberneudorf , Rinschheim, Stürzenhardt, Unterneudorf and Waldhausen each come at least one municipal council.
The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):
Municipal Council 2019 | ||||
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Party / list | Share of votes | Seats | ||
CDU | 52.4% (−7.4) | 18 (± 0) | ||
FW | 24.0% (−0.6) | 8 (± 0) | ||
SPD / Green links | 19.4% (+19.4) | 6 (+6) | ||
AfD | 3.3% (+3.3) | 1 (+1) | ||
Turnout: 58.2% (+11.2) |
The districts form 13 residential districts within the meaning of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code , whereby the districts of Buchen-Stadt and Hollerbach are combined into one residential district. Apart from this main town, localities are set up in the other 12 districts in accordance with the Baden-Württemberg municipal code, each with a local council and a local mayor as chairman.
mayor
Roland Burger (CDU) has been the mayor of the city of Buchen since February 2006. Before that (since February 1991) he was mayor of the city of Osterburken . The former mayor Achim Brötel became district administrator of the Neckar-Odenwald district.
See also: List of mayors of the city of Buchen .
coat of arms
The blazon of the coat of arms reads: "In silver on a green three-mountain, on each of the outer tops of an outwardly inclined green branch, a green beech, the trunk of which is fastened with a leaning red shield, inside a six-spoke silver wheel." Mainz wheel .
- Coats of arms of the former municipalities
Economy and Infrastructure
As a middle center between Neckar and Main, Buchen has built up an economic structure consisting of production, trade, handicrafts and services and has settled it in commercial areas.
Established businesses
The muesli producer Seitenbacher is based in Buchen.
Hospital book
The former Buchen district hospital, now part of the Neckar-Odenwald-Kliniken, is on site .
There are also several old people's homes. In Buchen there was one of the first residential complexes in Germany based on the assisted living model.
traffic
Buchen can be reached via the federal autobahn 81 , exit Osterburken, Landstrasse (from the south) or exit Tauberbischofsheim, federal road 27 (from the north) and via the A 6 , exit Sinsheim, B 292 and B 27 (from the southwest).
The station Buchen (Odenw) is located on the railway line Seckach-Miltenberg ( KBS 784 , also Madonnenlandbahn specified), in Book East has another break point and the Westfrankenbahn is operated. The public transport company buses in the traffic group Rhine Neckar true.
The Stuttgart Airport and the Frankfurt Airport are each about 100 km away. The next landing site is Walldürn airfield . The closest inland port is the Main port in Wertheim .
Bike trails
The following cycle paths lead through the city :
- The 225 km long 3-country cycle route leads as a circular route through the triangle of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria. The route explores the Odenwald along the Mümling, Neckar and Main rivers.
- The Odenwald-Madonnen-Radweg leads over 135-160 kilometers through the Odenwald, the Neckar valley and the Rhine plain.
- The Main-Tauber-Franconian wheel eight
- The sculpture cycle path
Through the districts of Rinschheim and Götzingen:
- The German Limes Cycle Path leads over 818 kilometers from Bad Hönningen through Westerwald , Taunus and Odenwald to Regensburg and is based on the historical course of the Upper German-Raetian Limes.
Authorities, courts and institutions
In Buchen there is a district court that belongs to the regional court district of Mosbach, and in Buchen-Hainstadt there is the Odenwald-Tauber regional office of the Archdiocese of Freiburg , to which the deaneries Mosbach-Buchen and Tauberbischofsheim belong.
Educational institutions
There are numerous schools in Buchen (16), to which many students commute to the former district town every day. Buchen has a commercial vocational school with a grammar school for the subjects of mechatronics, information technology and technology and management ( Zentralgewerbeschule Buchen ), a general high school (Burghardt-Gymnasium Buchen), a Catholic. Technical school for social pedagogy (sponsored by the Archdiocese of Freiburg), a home economics school with a social science grammar school (Helene Weber School Buchen), a Realschule (Abt-Bessel Realschule), an all-day technical school (Karl Trunzer School) and several elementary and Werkrealschulen. In addition, there are three special education and counseling centers in Buchen with a focus on language (SBBZ language), learning (Meister-Eckehart-Schule) and mental development (Alois-Wissmann-Schule), as well as a school kindergarten for physically, mentally and speech-impaired people Children.
media
The Fränkische Nachrichten and the Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung maintain editorial offices in the city.
In Buchen there is a correspondent's office for Südwestrundfunk and, since 1951, in the northeast of the city on Walldürner Strasse, a transmitter for Südwestrundfunk ( Buchen- Walldürn transmitter).
From a concrete tower in Hettinger Straße, the program of “Radio Regenbogen” is broadcast on 104.6 MHz with 25 W ERP.
Health facilities
The Neckar-Odenwald-Kliniken hospital is a regional care facility. A rescue station of the DRK district association Buchen with an emergency doctor location ensures emergency medical care. The city has a fire station that houses the Buchen volunteer fire brigade , which as a base fire brigade often goes out to help overland.
Culture and sights
Buchen is on Siegfriedstrasse , which leads past many sights. With the small fort in the district of Hettingen, the city is also on the German Limes Road and on the UNESCO World Heritage Upper German-Rhaetian Limes. The Eberstadt stalactite cave is the south-eastern entrance gate of the Bergstrasse-Odenwald UNESCO Geopark.
theatre
- Performances by the Badische Landesbühne
- Concert series "Book in concert"
Museums and cultural institutions
- Bezirksmuseum Buchen with the Joseph-Martin-Kraus memorial (in the former Kurmainzischen cellar ), founder and sponsor is the Bezirksmuseum Buchen association
- Library of Judaism in the former Beginenklosterle
- Former synagogue memorial
- Memorial plaque for the victims of fascism at the Jewish cemetery in Bödigheim, which bears the names of eight victims of the Shoah from Kleineicholzheim
- Memorial plaque in Vorstadtstrasse 35 for the synagogue that was destroyed during the Nazi era
- Hermann Cohen Academy for Religion, Science and Art
- International Joseph Martin Kraus Society (on the work of the composer JM Kraus , 1756–1792)
- Kulturforum Vis-à-Vis, u. a. with exhibitions by the Neckar-Odenwald Art Association
- City archive in the former tithe barn
- City library
- Municipal home library "Between Neckar and Main"
- Municipal Joseph-Martin-Kraus-Music School, Obergasse 1
- Community College
Eberstadt stalactite cave
The one to two million year old and 600 meter long stalactite cave is located about 5 km south-southeast of the city center. It has been used for tourism as a show cave since 1973 and is part of the Bergstrasse-Odenwald Geo-Nature Park. There are rich stalactite decorations , very slim and very compact-conical floor stalactites , sintered flags , sintered terraces and crystals. Since the cave was closed immediately after it was discovered and guided tours took place with electric light from the start, the stalactites are still predominantly chalk white, while in most of the older German show caves the earlier lighting with candles and torches has blackened the stalactites.
Cultural monuments
- The Roman Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes , the largest soil monument in Europe, runs on the eastern edge of the urban area of Walldürn in the north through the Buchen district towards Osterburken in the south. The Limes, a 500 km long protective wall of the Romans against Alemanni and other Germanic tribes in the unoccupied Germania, which leads from Rheinbrohl on the Middle Rhine to the Danube , was held by them until around 260 AD.
- The extension to the Hotel Prinz Carl from 1967, one of the original buildings by the architect Egon Eiermann , in which the rooms and facilities he designed are still in use today, is part of the classic modern era.
- In today's district of Bödigheim, the knight Wiprecht Rüdt built a castle in 1286 , which was expanded to include a Renaissance palace at the end of the 16th century. From 1712 to 1720 the new Rüdt von Collenberg 's castle was built by Johann Jakob Rischer in Bödigheim.
- Remains of a Jewish mikveh in Bödigheim
- Old town hall , hall town hall in the old town
- Wartturm on the Wartberg, about 1 km southeast of the city center
- Marian column , erected in 1754
- The hall chapel in Bödigheim was built in 2009 by architecture students at the Illinois Institute of Technology . The building was recognized by the American Institute of Architects in 2010 for its exceptional architecture .
- Old rectory (Buchen / Odenwald)
Regular events
- The “ Buchener Faschenacht ” with over 500 years of tradition attracts thousands of visitors every year, also from outside the region. During the annual carnival procession, the Buchener Blecker , a symbolic figure from the Middle Ages, is dutifully kissed on the back.
- Golden May with Buchener Jazz Night on the Saturday of the first weekend in May.
- Pre-summer festival with brass music in the museum courtyard on a weekend in mid-June, with a cellar bar (“time machine”) on Saturday. The organizers are the town band and the Catholic church choir.
- Buchen open-air cinema in the courtyard of the Buchen public utility company. Always at the end of July / beginning of August.
- Schützenmarkt , a traditional folk festival in the first week of September each year with a sales and entertainment market.
- Christmas market (December 1st weekend, Thursday / Friday to Sunday)
societies
The city and its communities have a lively club life, which can be queried via a database (see web links).
Telephone prefixes
In the city, the area code 06281 applies. Deviating from this, Stürzenhardt can be reached via 06284, Hettigenbeuren via 06286, Einbach and Waldhausen via 06287 and Eberstadt and Bödigheim via 06292.
Personalities
literature
- Werner Doyé (text) and Stefan Longin (photos): Buchen - cosmopolitan city in the Odenwald . Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung, Heidelberg 1999. ISBN 3-929295-59-8
- Rainer Trunk, Helmut Brosch and Karl Lehrer: 700 years of the city of Buchen. Contributions to the history of the city . Book 1980.
Web links
- City of Buchen , homepage
- LEO-BW, discover regional studies online , Buchen (Odenwald)
- Book in the local lexicon Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives .
- Jewish history book on the website of Alemannia Judaica
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Main statute of the city of Buchen (Odenwald) as amended on March 4, 2013 (PDF; 11 kB). Retrieved October 31, 2017
- ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 263-270
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2814, Year 773/774. In: Heidelberg historical holdings - digital. Heidelberg University Library, accessed on March 31, 2015 .
- ↑ List of places for the Lorsch Codex, Buchen , Archivum Laureshamense - digital, Heidelberg University Library.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 474 f. and 484 f .
- ^ City of Buchen: Main Statute, §13 ; accessed June 30, 2019.
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg: Municipal elections 2019, City of Buchen ; City of Buchen: City Council Election 2019 ; Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , May 27, 2019: This is the new municipal council in Buchen ; accessed June 30, 2019.
- ^ City of Buchen: Main Statute, §14f ; accessed June 30, 2019.
- ↑ [1] .
- ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Vol. I, Bonn 1995, p. 29, ISBN 3-89331-208-0
- ^ AIA Chicago Distinguished Building Honor Award for the Field Chapel. In: archdaily.com. November 4, 2010, accessed April 25, 2015 .