Base fire brigade
A fire brigade can be referred to as a base fire brigade , which stands out from other fire brigades in the area due to its number of crews and equipment and is therefore also called upon for operations beyond the municipal boundary or its actual area of operation. Depending on the state, this can be a militia or voluntary fire brigade, for example . This reinforcement of individual fire brigades can either take place in general for all operations or for special application scenarios. So z. B. Special forces for accidents involving dangerous goods or pollutants , which not all fire brigades have equally, are dispatched accordingly. The material required for this is allocated to individual fire brigades (generally the largest; affects the team or the size of the municipality / district), which supports the individual fire brigades in a defined area.
Germany
The term base fire brigade is not uniformly regulated for the fire brigade in Germany , since the relevant legislation is a matter for the individual federal states .
For example, the states of Bavaria and Hesse as well as the city states do not know the formal (in parlance) status of a base fire brigade.
Brandenburg
According to a concept from the Ministry of the Interior, the state of Brandenburg also maintains base fire brigades, which receive special support from the state in vehicle procurement.
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony divides volunteer fire brigades into local fire brigades as basic equipment fire brigades (at least 20 members), local fire brigades as base fire brigades (at least 26 members) and local fire brigades as main fire brigades (at least 46 members). For municipalities with up to ten local fire brigades, two, and for larger municipalities, one base fire brigade for each five local fire brigades are required.
Base fire brigades have a fire fighting vehicle and an additional fire engine with a crew (fire truck , rescue vehicle , aerial rescue vehicle , equipment vehicle or swap truck with roll-off container) or two fire trucks with a squadron crew.
Thuringia
According to the “Thuringian law on fire protection, general aid and disaster control”, a base fire brigade is planned by the district. The Thuringian Fire Brigade Organization Ordinance stipulates that such a fire brigade can occupy the technology provided by the state in the district at any time and use it in a supra-local deployment area. This release area comprises the area that can be reached within 20 minutes.
Austria
As in Germany, the fire brigades in Austria use the term base fire brigade very differently in the individual federal states. The term is not used in the law or in the implementation of structures in all federal states. Nevertheless, there may be fire brigades that would do justice to this designation through their equipment and training.
Styria
There are various bases in Styria such as B. respiratory protection, water service, or vehicle bases. Support vehicles are z. B. the SRF, the DL, the KF, the ÖF, the GSF etc.
Lower Austria
This term does not exist in Lower Austria . For special missions there are special services of the state fire brigade association , such as the diving, blasting or radiation protection service. With these services there is a group either per district or per regional district, the members of which can be recruited from one or more fire departments.
While the equipment of fire brigades is based on the equipment ordinance, there are individual fire brigades that are equipped with additional special equipment from the state fire brigade association fully or more heavily than usual subsidized. These include, for example, crane or hazardous substances vehicles. This also includes certain vehicles used by the disaster relief service , such as large pumps for flood operations or large emergency power generators . With the obligation to take over these devices, this fire brigade also undertakes to take care of the maintenance of the devices on the one hand, and to ensure the necessary provision of trained and trained crew on the other.
Upper Austria
In Upper Austria, the state fire brigade law uses the term “fire brigade base”. These bases are also set up here if this appears necessary for tactical, fire-fighting and economic considerations . The equipment of these fire brigades is particularly subsidized by state funds.
Carinthia
The Carinthian fire brigades are divided into four categories by the regional fire brigade association. These are the simple local fire brigades and base fire brigades of the rankings I to III. Fire brigades of the highest level exist once per district with the exception of the Klagenfurt-Land district . These fire brigades keep special equipment and large quantities of material available, for example for deploying dangerous goods . There are a total of 18 support points of rank II in Carinthia. These usually cover a fire brigade section , which is divided according to geographical criteria. Frequently required vehicles that can be used nationwide, such as lifting platforms or fire engines, are kept here . Finally, level III fire brigades take on an exposed task in their immediate vicinity, usually the fire brigades in the main locations in communities with several fire brigades. At this level, which exists 23 times, the fire brigade consists of a full fire brigade, whereas the minimum equipment of simple local fire brigades only consists of a small fire engine .
Vorarlberg
According to the law, there are also fire brigades in Vorarlberg that are also equipped for special deployment scenarios, such as tunnel work or dangerous goods. Special vehicles such as turntable ladders , telescopic mast platforms , large tank fire engines and heavy rescue vehicles are also distributed to bases throughout the country in order to keep the intervention time as short as possible through needs-based arrangements.
Switzerland
The Swiss fire service is also regulated by the cantons. For the implementation of the cantonal fire brigade legislation, the cantonal building insurances are mostly responsible, which are responsible for the financing of the fire brigades in addition to the municipalities.
In the past, each municipality usually had its own fire department. In the last few years there have been more and more mergers, which are possible if the deadlines are met. This is also due to the increasing demands on the fire brigade in recent decades (respiratory protection, TLF instead of motorized sprayer, etc.). The local fire brigade is responsible for the initial deployment and is organized as a militia (compulsory) or voluntary fire brigade depending on the canton and municipality. Some of these community fire brigades have received additional material (e.g. turntable ladder) in order to be able to provide additional support to the surrounding fire brigades. These are usually referred to as base fire brigades. It is also possible that companies with an increased risk potential are required to set up their own company fire brigade or fire fighting group. While the company fire brigades can act independently, the fire fighting groups are smaller and subordinate to the municipal fire brigade.
A base fire brigade usually has material for all dangerous situations, while the local fire brigades are not equipped with all the material depending on the hazard potential. Most local fire departments have little or no oil and / or chemical defense equipment. In the case of oil and chemical incidents, the base fire brigade usually takes over the management of the damage site (in some cantons there are special tactical units for special chemical incidents in addition to the bases). Road rescues with hydraulic rescue equipment are also usually carried out by the base fire brigades, because very few local fire brigades have this equipment. In such cases, the local fire brigade is responsible for securing the scene of the accident. The foam concentrate depot is also usually managed by a base fire brigade. Base fire brigades are usually the fire brigades of the district capital or a city, if possible with a standby group.
Lately there have been efforts in a number of cantons to reduce the number of bases, but to equip the local fire brigades better and to redesign the deployment concepts so that the neighboring fire brigade is used instead of the base (keyword: neighborhood help).
In some cantons there is also more than one type of base fire brigade, for example in the canton of Aargau, where type A and type B base fire brigades exist.
- Type A; These provide additional assistance in the original deployment and in the area of the oil weir and are used for road rescue on the cantonal and national road network.
- Type B; These are used for road rescue on the cantonal road network.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Guideline of the Ministry of the Interior on the granting of benefits for equipping base fire brigades (PDF; 637 kB), version dated May 14, 2008
- ↑ Ordinance on the minimum strength, the breakdown by function and the minimum equipment of the voluntary fire brigades in the state of Lower Saxony (PDF; 44 kB), version of May 17, 2011
- ↑ Thuringian law on fire protection, general aid and disaster control, tasks of the districts in fire protection, general aid and disaster control, Section 6 , version dated February 5, 2008
- ↑ Thuringian Fire Brigade Organization Ordinance, Section 5 , version of January 27, 2009
- ↑ Upper Austrian Fire Brigade Act §39 / 7 ( Memento of August 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 127 kB) accessed on April 25, 2010
- ↑ Country-specific supplement for Vorarlberg in the basic training manual at the ÖBFV
- ↑ Ordinance on the Fire Brigade Act, Article 29a , version of December 4, 1996