Fire fighting vehicle
Fire fighting vehicle ( LF for short ) is the name of a type of German fire fighting vehicle of different sizes. The name- giving feature of these vehicles is a crew of nine people (one group leader , eight team members = group ), which means that these vehicles are also used to support any fire service operations. The loading of these fire-fighting vehicles is focused on fire fighting and technical assistance of simple scope and includes a fire-fighting centrifugal pump built into the vehicle, which is driven by the vehicle engine. For operations that require more complicated technology, this is brought to the scene using special vehicles. The fire brigade loading is designed for the tactical basic fire brigade unit of a group .
Areas of responsibility
Fire fighting vehicles are among the most diverse vehicles in the German fire service. Originally, they were designed solely for fire fighting, but modern variants can cover almost the entire spectrum of work. In addition to the equipment to cope with the tasks at the place of operation, the fire fighting vehicle also transports the necessary personnel there, which typically consists of one group (i.e. 9 people: machinist, detector and group leader as well as three teams, each with a leader and a member).
Types
Type designation scheme
In the type designation extinguishing group vehicle XX / YY (short: LF XX / YY ), the first number XX indicates the performance of the centrifugal fire pump in 100 liters of water per minute at 10 bar (8 bar for older vehicles). A fire fighting group vehicle 20 / YY can pump at least 2000 liters of water per minute at 10 bar. The second number YY indicates the usable content of the extinguishing water tank in 100 liters. A fire fighting vehicle XX / 6 has an extinguishing water tank of at least 600 liters.
This standard has now been revised. The code for the tank content is omitted in the new models, as it does not correspond to the actual tank content in many fire engines (for example there are many LF 20/16 with a 2000 liter water tank) and the nationwide introduction of the digital BOS radio a uniform, Binding as well as comparable designation of fire brigade and disaster control vehicles is required. The LF 20/16 therefore becomes the LF 20, the LF 10/6 the LF 10. In some standard revisions, the prescribed minimum load and the water tank volume have also been changed. Unless otherwise stated, the following information relates to the latest status of the standards.
Currently standardized fire fighting group vehicles
Three standardized types of fire fighting group vehicles are currently in series production:
Fire fighting vehicle 10
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Fire fighting vehicle 10 |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 10 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FPN 10-1000 |
| Portable pump : | optional |
| Extinguishing water : | at least 1200 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 6 × 20 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kilograms |
| Rescue kit : | unavailable |
| Perm. Total mass : | 12000 kilograms |
| Drive: | primarily street |
The fire fighting vehicle 10 (short: LF 10 ) is the smallest currently standardized fire fighting vehicle in the German fire service - DIN 14530 part 5. The vehicle is four according to the current standard with the usual load for fire fighting and rescuing people including a four-part extension ladder (or alternatively two multifunctional ladders ) SCBA , a respiratory protection monitoring system and two escape hoods are provided. In addition, a load for the power supply and the lighting of the scene of action, a traffic accident box, chimney toolbox, pressure aerator , coarse cleaning module, a submersible pump TP 4/1, reciprocating saw and a chainsaw are compulsory equipment. The LF 10 is held by some volunteer fire brigades in order to use it in particular for an initial attack until further fire brigade units bring larger emergency vehicles. This type of vehicle was formerly called LF 10/6 and, in contrast to the current LF 10, had a minimum tank volume of only 600 l and a slightly different standard load. In Rhineland-Palatinate, however , the minimum tank volume for the internal attack is 1,000 liters. With the new standard for an LF 10, these problem areas are no longer necessary.
The LF 10 is closely related to the emergency fire extinguishing group vehicle 10 (short: HLF 10 ), which is also equipped with technical assistance equipment. A vehicle with a squadron crew and less load is standardized as a medium fire engine .
Fire fighting vehicle 20
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Fire fighting vehicle 20 |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 20 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FPN 10-2000 |
| Portable pump : | optional |
| Extinguishing water : | 2000 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 6 × 20 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 2 × 6 kilograms |
| Rescue kit : | unavailable |
| Perm. Total mass : | 16,000 kilograms |
| Drive: | All-wheel drive |
The fire fighting group vehicle 20 (short: LF 20 ) is standardized in DIN 14530 Part 11. It is mainly used by medium-sized and larger fire brigades and serves here both as an independent unit to cope with smaller tasks or as a tactical support for a train during larger operations. It has a fire-fighting equipment that goes beyond the above equipment for an LF 10. According to the latest edition of the standard, this also includes a three-part extension ladder , a jump rescue device , four light chemical protective suits and two manhole covers . Optionally, for example, a portable pump , a foam / water gun or additional equipment for water damage situations can be loaded on this vehicle. The vehicle has four-wheel drive and a permanently installed water tank with a nominal volume of 2,000 liters and, according to current standards, may have a permissible total weight of up to 16 tons. The LF 20 was previously called LF 20/16 and at that time had a water tank with a volume of at least 1,600 l and a permissible total weight of 14.5 t; otherwise, both vehicles are almost identical. Closely related to the LF 20 is the emergency fire extinguishing group vehicle 20 (short: HLF 20 ), which has additional equipment for technical assistance.
Firefighting group vehicle 20 for disaster control
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Firefighting group vehicle 20 for disaster control |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 20 KatS |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FPN 10-2000 |
| Portable pump : | PFPN 10-1500 or PFPN 10-2000 |
| Extinguishing water : | 1000 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 6 × 20 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kilograms |
| Rescue kit : | unavailable |
| Perm. Total mass : | 16,000 kilograms |
| Drive: | All-wheel drive |
.JPG)
The vehicle is standardized according to DIN 14530-8 and is abbreviated as LF 20 KatS . Like its predecessor, the LF 16-TS , it is procured both by the federal government in accordance with its data sheet (which differs slightly from the DIN standard) and by the local authority. Its load is essentially based on that of the fire fighting vehicle 10 and thus includes four compressed air breathing apparatus , a respiratory protection monitoring system , two escape hoods , a 5 kVA generator , extensive lighting equipment, a submersible pump TP 4/1 and a chainsaw. Deviating from this, however, neither chimney tool boxes, pressure fans nor saber saws are mandatory. A four-part extension ladder is mandatory without any alternative option. In contrast to the LF 10, there are also a total of 30 B-hoses of 20 meters each, a portable pump PFPN 10-1500 or PFPN 10-2000, a 5,000 liter collapsible container for extinguishing water, two fire boots , four mineral oil-resistant waders , 9 respiratory protection combination filters and another Additional cargo specially designed for disaster control. According to the DIN standard, the LF 20 KatS has four-wheel drive and may weigh a maximum of 16 tons. It can be used especially in major incidents and for pumping extinguishing water over long distances . The usual designation for fire fighting vehicles as LF 20/10-TS was dispensed with in order not to have to add an intermediate step to the existing standards. In the past, the vehicle was also known as Löschgruppenfahrzeug LF-KatS for disaster control . The federal government has retained this designation for its vehicles; the load differs slightly from that described above: For example, a portable pump PFPN 10-1500 is mandatory and the number of waders is reduced to three. Vehicles of this type in the federal version have mandatory single tires, all-wheel drive and a permissible total weight of 14 tons.
Not standardized fire fighting group vehicles
Fire fighting vehicle logistics
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Fire fighting vehicle logistics |
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| Abbreviation: | LF - L |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FPN 10-1000 or 10-2000 |
| Extinguishing water : | 750 to 1000 liters |
| Rescue kit : | unavailable |
The LF-L stands for fire fighting vehicle logistics and is characterized by a tail lift for carrying fire-fighting equipment on roll containers.
The LF-L have a group cabin with two breathing apparatuses that can be put on by the attack team while driving, plus two other breathing apparatuses and a total of eight breathing masks and filters. Furthermore, the vehicle has an FPN 10-2000 as a central pump with a control station in the right equipment room, a 750 liter extinguishing water tank and LF equipment (proper name, equipment with fittings and hoses similar to a TSF-W ). Additional loading is a power generator, lighting device, a submersible pump and a chainsaw. This equipment is housed in two equipment rooms and the group cabin, and there is also a loading area with a tail lift, and two roll containers for severe weather should be included as standard. The further special load results from the special task of the unit, so that it can be decon-people, decon-injured and decon-device or TS and hose material. It is not intended to use one LFL for multiple loading purposes.
Variants that are no longer standardized
Since the standards for fire fighting vehicles were fundamentally revised only a few years ago, vehicles based on the old standard are still widespread. This essentially affects the following six types:
Fire fighting vehicle 8
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Fire fighting vehicle 8 |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 8 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | Front pump 8/8 |
| Portable pump : | TS 8/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | 0 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 3 × 20 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kilograms |
| Rescue kit : | optional |
| Perm. Total mass : | 6000/7500/9000 kg |
| Drive: | Road / four-wheel drive |
The fire fighting vehicle 8 (short: LF 8 ) is the smallest ever standardized fire fighting vehicle of the German fire services. It was standardized according to DIN 14530 part 7 (previously according to DIN 14530 sheet 6 and sheet 7), which became invalid in 1991. Its standard load was primarily aimed at fire fighting and also included a four-part extension ladder.
According to the last standard from 1986, a distinction was made between the LF 8 light (with a permissible total weight of 6 tons), the LF 8 medium (with a permissible total weight of 7.5 tons) and the LF 8 heavy (with a permissible total weight of 9 tons ). The LF 8 Leicht had a rear load or only one equipment compartment per side. Only the mandatory standard load was regularly loaded on it. The LF 8 medium had road drive and carried the now standardized additional load for technical assistance. It had two equipment rooms on each side. The LF 8 heavy also usually had all-wheel drive. With a permissible total weight of less than 7.5 tons, some variants of the LF 8 could and can be driven with a class 3 driving license (or today also with class C1 or the large fire service license).
Fire fighting vehicle 8/6
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Fire fighting vehicle 8/6 |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 8/6 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FP 8/8 |
| Portable pump : | optional |
| Extinguishing water : | 600 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 3 × 20 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kilograms |
| Rescue kit : | optional |
| Perm. Total mass : | 7500/9500 kilograms |
| Drive: | Road / four-wheel drive |
The fire fighting vehicle 8/6 (short: LF 8/6 ) is an emergency vehicle (still) widespread among small fire brigades, was standardized according to DIN 14530 Part 5, functioned as a water-bearing successor to LF 8 and is included in the currently valid standard by the LF 10 replaced. It has a rapid attack facility . The vehicle was delivered with both road drive (with a gross vehicle weight of 7.5 tons) and four-wheel drive (with a gross vehicle weight of 9.5 tons).
Its equipment is designed for fire fighting and includes a four-part extension ladder. The vehicle can, however, optionally be equipped with an extended load for fire fighting, which then also includes a portable pump and a three-part extension ladder, or with an additional load for technical accident assistance.
Fire fighting vehicle 16
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Fire fighting vehicle 16 |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 16 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FP 16/8 |
| Portable pump : | optional |
| Extinguishing water : | 800 - 1200 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 6 × 20 liters |
| Rescue kit : | optional |
| Perm. Total mass : | 12000 kilograms |
| Drive: | Road / four-wheel drive |
The fire fighting vehicle 16 (short: LF 16 ) was a widespread standard fire engine of the German fire brigades and was inherited by the LF 16/12 . Until 1991 it was standardized in DIN 14530 Part 9. The vehicle could be designed with road or four-wheel drive and each had a gross vehicle weight of 12 tons.
Its load was primarily aimed at fire fighting and included a four-part extension ladder, a three-part extension ladder and a folding ladder. In addition, there was an additional load for technical assistance on a smaller scale, which included two buffalo winches . In addition, an extensive additional load was possible for this vehicle, which ranged from a chainsaw and cut-off machine to lighting equipment and submersible pump to a load for technical accident assistance. A cable winch with a pulling force of up to 50 kN could also be supplied.
Fire fighting vehicle 16/12
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Fire fighting vehicle 16/12 |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 16/12 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FP 16/8 |
| Portable pump : | optional |
| Extinguishing water : | 1200 to 1600 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 6 × 20 liters |
| Rescue kit : | available |
| Perm. Total mass : | 12000/13500 kilograms |
| Drive: | Road / four-wheel drive |
The fire fighting vehicle 16/12 was a common fire fighting vehicle, especially among professional and larger volunteer fire brigades, which was standardized in DIN 14530 Part 11 until 2005. Its successor model is the LF 20 (or earlier LF 20/16) and the HLF 20 (or earlier HLF 20/16). The LF 16/12 could initially be procured with road or all-wheel drive, after a later version of the standard only with all-wheel drive. Depending on the capacity of its extinguishing water tank (between 1200 and 1600 liters), it had a maximum permitted total weight of 13.5 tons (in the case of a loaded 12-ton chassis).
Its load was also designed for the supra-local support of smaller fire brigades in fighting fires. In many places, especially at the professional fire brigades, own loading concepts were developed for this vehicle, some of which made it a multifunctional all-round device (including water cannons, cable winches, hazardous goods equipment, pressure proportioning system or high-pressure pump) that can replace any other fire fighting vehicle. In contrast to its predecessor, the LF 16/12 also has extensive equipment for technical assistance as standard - even in the event of traffic accidents. In addition to a power cutter, chainsaw and submersible pump, this also included a hydraulic rescue kit with spreader SP 30-E or SP 45-E, scissors S 90-E, rescue ram and accessories.
Fire fighting vehicle 24
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Fire fighting vehicle 24 |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 24 |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FP 24/8 |
| Extinguishing water : | min, 1600 liters |
| Foam concentrate : | 200 liters |
| Rescue kit : | available |
| Perm. Total mass : | 16,000 kilograms |
| Drive: | Street |
The fire fighting group vehicle 24 (short: LF 24 ) was the heaviest to date standardized (only pre-standard DIN 14530-10) fire fighting group vehicle and specially designed for the needs of professional fire departments. In North Rhine-Westphalia , new purchases of this vehicle type are still subsidized. The vehicle may be equipped with road or four-wheel drive and has a permissible total weight of 18 tons according to the state law. According to the DIN pre-standard, the permissible total weight was 16 tons; Road drive was mandatory. It has a built-in foam compound tank with a capacity of 200 liters and a rapid attack device. Its load is designed for fire-fighting and technical assistance operations up to a medium size and includes, among other things, a permanently installed power generator and a hydraulic rescue kit . At the rear of the vehicle, one or two mobile hose reels are sprouting.
Firefighting group vehicle 16 with portable pump
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Firefighting group vehicle 16 with portable pump |
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| Abbreviation: | LF 16-TS |
| Country: | Germany |
| Crew : | 0/1/8/ 9 |
| Fire pump : | FP 16/8 |
| Portable pump : | TS 8/8 |
| Foam concentrate : | 6 × 20 liters |
| Extinguishing powder : | 6 kilograms |
| Rescue kit : | optional |
| Perm. Total mass : | 9500 kilograms |
| Drive: | All-wheel drive |
The fire fighting vehicle 16 with portable pump (short: LF 16-TS ) was a widespread fire engine, especially in the 1970s. It had all-wheel drive and last had a gross vehicle weight of 9.5 tons for the civil protection version. Almost all of these vehicles were procured by the federal government for expanded disaster control. At the end of the 1990s, consideration was given to withdrawing the standard as part of the type reduction. However, it was decided to keep the vehicle as a fire fighting vehicle for disaster control. The type has meanwhile been replaced by the water-bearing LF 20 KatS .
The LF 16-TS does not have its own water supply. In many places, however, the vehicle was equipped with a more powerful centrifugal fire pump that delivers 2,400 l / min at 8 bar and 3 meters of geodetic suction height , and a portable pump that delivers 1,600 l / min at 8 bar and 3 meters of geodetic suction height. It also has 600 m of B-hose and 240 m of C-hose. It also has 120 liters of foam concentrate. Its equipment was primarily designed for fire fighting and fire water pumping.
Between 1981 and 1992, equipment could be loaded according to loading plan 2 with additional materials for technical assistance such as power and lighting equipment, submersible pumps, cut-off machines and hydraulic cutting equipment. The maximum permissible mass was then no longer limited to 9 tons, but to 12 tons. In Hamburg, too, the LF 16-TS were additionally equipped for technical accident assistance and were named LF 16-TH there . The Berlin fire brigade followed a similar concept. The LF 16-TS there with the corresponding additional load were designated as the LF 16-Z . Both the additional load and the portable pump were held in Berlin on an exchangeable carrier module, so that the vehicle could be loaded with portable fire pumps or equipment for technical assistance, depending on the situation.
history
Fire fighting vehicles in the German Reich
The development of fire fighting vehicles began on February 16, 1940 with the issuing of building regulations for the light fire fighting vehicle (LLG), the heavy fire fighting vehicle (SLG) and the large fire fighting vehicle (GLG):
| Vehicle type | Abbreviation | Power of the pump | Water tank volume | Designation from 1943 |
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| Light fire fighting vehicle | LLG | no pump | no tank | Firefighting group vehicle 8 (LF 8) |
| Heavy fire fighting vehicle | SLG | 1500 liters per minute at a delivery head of 80 meters | 400 liters | Firefighting group vehicle 15 (LF 15) |
| Large fire fighting vehicle | GLG | 2500 liters per minute at a head of 80 meters | 1500 liters | Firefighting group vehicle 25 (LF 25) |
Fire fighting vehicles in the early post-war period
After the Second World War, the following variants developed from the LF 8 typified by the German Reich, which the responsible standards committee defined:
- LF-TS 8: As a fire truck with group crew and an inserted TS 8 portable pump, this vehicle did not have a permanently installed centrifugal fire pump.
- LF-TSA 8: The fire engine with group crew with portable pump trailer does not have a pump loaded on the towing vehicle and corresponds most closely to the LLG concept.
- LF 8-TS 8 meant a fire engine with a group crew and a built-in pump as well as an inserted portable pump.
- LF 8-TSA 8 stood for a fire truck with group crew and built-in pump as well as a portable pump trailer.
In the following standard DIN 14 530 (booklets 1 and 2) from 1955, only the following types were provided:
- LF 8-TSA was a fire fighting group vehicle with a front-mounted pump and a portable pump trailer.
- LF 8-TS was a fire engine with a front-mounted pump and an inserted portable pump. It developed from the LF 8-TS 8 and can be regarded as the predecessor of the later LF 8 according to the DIN standard published in 1969.
The fire extinguishing pumps had a delivery volume of 800 liters per minute. It was not until the standardization in 1969 that the LF 8 was defined in the above sense .
The LF 16 later developed from the LF 15 .
Philatelic
With the Inception August 6, 2020 which gave German Post AG , a special stamp in the series for the youth as a supplement brand in the denomination out of 95 + 45 Euro cents. The design comes from the graphic artist Thomas Meyer from Berlin and shows a type LF 16 vehicle.
See also
- Fire trucks in the GDR
- Emergency fire fighting group vehicle
- Portable pump vehicle
- Equipment and fire fighting group vehicle in the Czech Republic
literature
- Cimolino, Ulrich & Zawadke, Thomas: Emergency vehicles for fire and rescue services (types) . Ecomed Security, ISBN 3-609-68667-7 .
- Gihl, Manfred: History of the German fire engine construction . Volume 2: From 1940 to today. Kohlhammer, ISBN 978-3170142909 .
- Kortt, Ulrich & Schmid, Rolf & Schröder, Hermann: Hamilton. Manual for the firefighter . Boorberg, ISBN 3-415-01705-2 .
- Lothar Schott, Manfred Ritter: Fire Brigade Basic Course FwDV 2 . 20th edition. Wenzel-Verlag, Marburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-88293-220-1 .
- Josef Schütz: The Red books, Issue 8 - Fire trucks Part I . 11th edition. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 978-3-17-013954-1 , pp. 22-26 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kortt, Ulrich & Schmid, Rolf & Schroeder, Hermann: Hamilton. Handbook for the firefighter , Boorberg-Verlag, ISBN 3-415-01999-3 .
- ↑ Fire Brigade Magazine of December 2, 2010: New draft standards for fire fighting vehicles
- ↑ ReDI - Regional database information Baden-Wuerttemberg
- ↑ Standard overview page for a LF 10 on din.de.
- ↑ a b For the changes in the standards, see, for example, the fire brigade magazine of December 2, 2010: New draft standards for fire fighting vehicles .
- ↑ Standard overview page for a LF 20 on din.de
- ↑ First LF 20 on CL: Compact and powerful. Rosenbauer International AG, February 2018, accessed on April 9, 2020 .
- ↑ Firefighting group vehicle LF 20/16 of the Beselich-Obertiefenbach volunteer fire brigade
- ↑ a b Standard overview page for a LF 20 KatS on din.de
- ↑ a b c d See for the load list: Staatliche Feuerwehrschule Regensburg (2014): Minimum equipment for fire fighting group vehicles for disaster control LF 20 KatS - Edition 09/2012 ( Memento from October 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c BBK (2011): Accompanying booklet: Equipment set, loading plan and data sheet for fire fighting vehicle for disaster control - LF-KatS ( Memento from 23 September 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ This standard was valid 1969–1976 for LF 8 with rear loading.
- ↑ This standard was valid 1969–1976 for LF 8 with side loading; Loading plan 1 or 2 with weight and space reserves for additional loading, for example for technical assistance.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gihl, Manfred: History of the German fire engine construction. Volume 2: From 1940 to today. Kohlhammer, ISBN 978-3170142909 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Klaus Fischer (2003): Löschgruppenfahrzeuge LF 8. Huss-Medien.
- ↑ The exact delimitation of the three subtypes is disputed.
- ↑ This additional loading for technical assistance was first introduced in 1976 in loading plan 2. It included power and lighting equipment, a submersible pump, a power cutter and hydraulic rescue equipment.
- ↑ Berlin Fire Brigade - Disaster Response Vehicles , accessed on November 15, 2015.
- ↑ The vehicle was regularly used as a towing vehicle for a portable pump trailer .
- ↑ After the Second World War, the tank volume was later increased to 800 liters.