BOS radio

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Bosch FuG 8b with FMS -capable handset
Radio mast with 2 m and 4 m omnidirectional radiators

The bad radio is a non-public mobile FM - Country radio service (nömL) in Germany and Austria , that of emergency service is used (BOS). It is regulated by the BOS radio guidelines, the new version of which was issued on May 2, 2006 by the Federal Ministry of the Interior .

BOS radio guidelines

The aim of the regulation is to guarantee safe and interference-free radio operation for all BOS users. For this purpose, the consumers

so-called "frequency assignments" for their internal radio operation. The special feature of the BOS radio is that these frequency assignments each contain the authorization to use their frequencies in addition to the assigned frequencies for the purpose of cooperation with other BOS.

Analog BOS radio

Relay point to improve the range in the 4 m band; Please note the radio planning for vehicle devices with 15 km, handheld radios FuG 13 can only be used to a limited extent due to the low transmission power.

The application of the BOS radio is divided into three areas:

The length specifications denote the wavelength . Frequency modulation (FM) is used in all bands .

Not every radio can be used automatically for the so-called police radio . Certain requirements are placed on the devices for use by authorities, e.g. B. Operability with gloves etc. A type test by the device manufacturer at one of the two test centers in Germany is required for the devices:

The tested authority devices are given an FuG number depending on their purpose

  • Management level, vehicles: FuG 7, FuG 8
  • Management level, hand: FuG 13, FuG 13a, FuG 13b
  • Operation site radio, vehicle: FuG 9
  • Operation station radio, hand: FuG 10, FuG 10a, FuG 10b, FuG 11b

Speech veilers are used by the police to ensure "tap-proof" transmission .

Tape layers

Within the 4 m and 2 m bands, the frequencies are again subdivided into a sub-band (UB) and an upper band (OB). Channels in these bands are defined at a distance of 20 kHz, with each channel being assigned a frequency in the lower and upper band. This is also referred to as the 20 kHz grid .

Forms of traffic

The organizational structure of the radiotelephone operation is described as traffic forms . Most of them stipulated in local service instructions can be found in radio plans or radio sketches. They solve the requirements for the interaction of different radio stations.

There are different

  • Directional traffic If information is only transmitted in one direction, one speaks of directional traffic. It is used where the remote station cannot or should not answer. For example, to alert the radio receiver.
  • Scheduled traffic Two radiotelephony operating points are involved here. Two-way communication and two-way communication are possible, which leads to rapid traffic processing.
  • Star traffic Radio traffic between several radio stations and a common remote station ( star head ) with control function. Radio connections between the subordinate radio stations are only possible with the approval of the star head.
  • Roundabout Several radiotelephony operating points communicate directly with each other on a common band or channel, then via a relay point (RS 1)
  • Cross traffic A radio communication circuit (e.g. with a 2 m handheld radio) is spoken of in another radio communication circuit (e.g. channel 404 in the 4 m band). Technical implementation through an RS-2 circuit (large relay point / transfer device ).

Modes of transport

The types of traffic are determined by the device technology.

  • Alternating traffic (simplex): Alternating traffic enables communication on one channel. Only one band is used and it can be sent and received alternately either in the upper band or in the lower band. This means that two radio calls can be conducted independently of one another at the same time on the same channel. Reception is only possible after releasing the transmit button.
  • Conditional two-way traffic (semi-duplex): It is only possible to send or receive alternately, although both tape layers of a channel are used. This is due to the device technology, since the radio devices in question have an antenna switch. This means that the antenna is only alternately connected to the transmitter or receiver. In practice, this means: push-button pressed = transmitter connected to antenna, push-button released = receiver connected to antenna. If the device but to instead of antenna switch an antenna duplexer , however, simultaneous speaking and listening is possible.
  • Two-way traffic ( full duplex ): Two-way traffic corresponds to telephoning in call handling. Both tape layers of a channel are used and it can be sent and received at the same time.
  • Relay station traffic : When using a relay station (in non-police security, typically in the 4 m band), a full duplex connection is technically established with a relay station. Since only one user can send via the relay at a time, this results in two-way communication. At control centers, the transmission is fed via a 70 cm radio link. This is prioritized in the relay station so that it can speak at any time.

There are four types of relay points.

Rs1 Th (formerly Rs1; the so-called "small relay" as it can be switched directly on the devices FuG 7b and FuG 8c): As soon as a carrier signal is received on the lower band (send button is pressed), the transmitter in the upper band is put into operation. If there is no carrier signal, the transmitter is switched off. This simplest type of relay point has the advantage that it can be set up quickly with little effort, but the disadvantage that if the carrier signal is weak for a short time, the call is transmitted in a choppy manner.

Relay position capable: SEL FuG 7b (4 m) with internal RS1

Rs1 Ez (formerly Rs3): A radio with an auxiliary relay unit is used for this circuit. This can be used to set what the relay should do when the ringer I or II is activated (short, <1 sec., Or long,> 1 sec.). The circuit Rs1 Ez only switches on the transmitter for a predetermined time after pressing a tone call ( tone call I, 1750 Hz or tone call II, 2135 Hz). After this time has elapsed, transmission is stopped, regardless of whether the call has ended.

Rs1 Enz (formerly Rs4): For this circuit, an additional relay station device with speech evaluator / low frequency circuit (NF) is required for the radio . The transmitter goes into operation when a modulated low frequency is received on the carrier wave. The speech interpreter ends the transmission mode if it detects no further conversation for a predetermined time (usually 5 to 10 seconds).

Rs2: Two radios and one relay station accessory are required for this type. The circuit is used to couple two radio communication circuits (mostly 4 m / 2 m), which is almost exclusively used by the police. The two coupled radio communication circuits are fully capable of opposing traffic. Some mountain rescue services also have such relays to enable the mountain rescuers to communicate with the control center with a 2 m handheld radio. When installed in vehicles (e.g. command vehicle of the telecommunications services, local operations manager and / or their support groups), this circuit is also called "ÜLE" (transfer device). It should give the operations manager the opportunity to reach the control center with the 2 m handheld radio via the ÜLE and the 4 m vehicle radio.

Police BOS also often use relay points in the 2 m band, other BOS only occasionally.

Single channel radio, single wave radio

If you have to supply larger radio traffic circles, a single relay station can quickly become overwhelmed . If several relay points are operated on the same channel in such cases, malfunctions are inevitable because the coverage areas of the individual locations overlap. The problem can be solved with special relay station techniques.

Co-channel radio

With co-channel radio, a coverage area is supplied with several independent relay stations that work on the same channel. The relays are activated by pressing different ringtones. If you are within a relay station area, no problems arise. However, interference can occur in the overlapping areas.

Single-wave radio

If you have a comprehensive network of relay stations that are centrally controlled, one speaks of a single- frequency network . With the system, if the setting is correct, at least theoretically, the same wave is present in the entire area at the same time. The best received signal is finally re-emitted from all points with corrected runtime. With this technology, even difficult terrain forms can be supplied in the best possible way.

Overarching channels

The general emergency call channel in BOS radio is 444 two-way traffic / sub-band (G / UB) on (76.155 / 85.955 MHz). Depending on the local control center, activation takes place by pressing "Tonruf-1" or "-2". If you do not know the local channel, an emergency call can be made via this channel. As a rule, he then runs into a police station that reports directly to the Ministry of the Interior.

Channel 510 W / U (intercom / lower band) is generally assigned as a marching channel, i.e. for the coordination of a convoy of vehicles, since channel 510 is not assigned in the upper band and therefore cannot be used for relay operation.

Alerting

The radio communication is also used to alert emergency services. This is usually done via radio, radio signal receiver or siren. When the alarm is triggered , a 5-tone sequence is emitted, which then triggers the respective radio alarm receiver. A siren is triggered with a 5-tone sequence and a double tone. In addition to the analog alarms, alarms are also issued in many circles via the digital POCSAG protocol.

Digital BOS radio

Sepura stP8000 TETRA radio that is registered in the BOS Germany radio network

Authority radio was operated worldwide with analog radio networks with wavelengths in the 2 m and 4 m range (BOS radio) until the end of the 1980s . The lack of or insufficient encryption options for analog radio led to the development of digital systems. Since around the end of the 1990s , efforts have been made to introduce a digital trunked radio system called TETRA for the BOS in Germany . The TETRA standard developed in the mid-1990s is used in several European and non-European countries - in the form of nationwide BOS networks or with local coverage by various users. TETRA was originally an initiative of operators as a response to the competitive threat posed by GSM against their analog networks. In addition, the proprietary Tetrapol radio system from the Airbus Group (formerly EADS) is the second digital radio standard . Tetrapol was originally developed for the French BOS and is now used in the same spectrum as TETRA. Providers of TETRA infrastructure systems are e.g. B. EADS , Motorola Solutions, Inc. , Hytera Mobilfunk GmbH (formerly Rohde & Schwarz ), Damm Cellular Systems A / S.

International introduction

The French gendarmerie, which has been using the system successfully since 1988, was one of the first users of Tetrapol. According to the manufacturer EADS, there are now 80 Tetrapol networks in 34 countries, including 10 nationwide BOS networks. TETRA is now also represented worldwide. The former Nokia Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) division alone, now also EADS, is said to have delivered 60 TETRA networks to 30 countries worldwide by now. TETRA is used in the German-speaking area in large parts of Switzerland and Austria in the non-military sector.

Introduction to Germany

Germany brings up the rear when it comes to the introduction of digital radio from authorities. Although the digital radio network has now been put into operation across Germany, smooth operation is still not guaranteed everywhere, as some of the vehicles have not yet been equipped with the new receivers or the emergency services have not yet been trained in the new system. Therefore there are regional differences. During the conversion phase, both systems are in operation in order to guarantee the handling of operations. It is technically possible to connect both systems to one another via conference call so that units that work with different systems can communicate with one another during an operation. The date for the final changeover to TETRA technology remains unclear, as the official bodies have always stated the end of the current year for years. The city region of Aachen has been in active operation since 2008, after a system went through a cross-border trial run. The technology was tested in three venues at the 2006 World Cup . The Federal Agency for Digital Radio for Authorities and Organizations with Security Tasks (BDBOS) was created in Germany to set up, operate and ensure the functionality of a digital voice and data radio system.

Operational-tactical address (OPTA)

Operational-tactical addresses (OPTA) are transmitted as station identification in digital BOS radio in Germany. These addresses allow the “nationwide identification of the participants by state / federal state, organization and district or urban district”.


Paging names

Radio in the car

The operation of a transceiver system ( commercial radio, BOS radio, amateur radio , everyone's radio , mobile radio / car phone ) in motor vehicles (built from 1995 onwards) is only permitted if an external antenna with an E-mark is installed in accordance with the manufacturer's guidelines, otherwise the vehicle may be affected Electronics, the general operating license (ABE) expire.

In the more recent EC Directive 2004/104 / EC, the E label is only required for safety-relevant vehicle accessories. According to the German Police University , BOS radio systems are not included.

The so-called mobile phone ban only applied to mobile phones until the law was changed in 2017; the use of radio equipment was not affected by the ban. Neither the BOS radio nor the commercial radio (e.g. garbage disposal, power supply, etc.), CB radio and also not the amateur radio service were affected by the ban .

In 2017, with the tightening of the so-called mobile phone ban at the wheel, the ban on use, which had previously been limited to cars and mobile phones, was extended to the use of two-way radios by drivers. This does not apply to BOS radios, which can continue to be operated by the driver, even while driving, provided that no co-driver is present. Until June 30, 2020, there is also a general exception to the ban on use of all two-way radios.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ BOS radio guidelines in the version valid from September 1, 2009. (PDF) September 7, 2009, accessed September 7, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Guideline for the operational-tactical address (OPTA) in digital radio of the authorities and organizations with security tasks (PDF; 173 kB) of the Committee for Information and Communication of Working Group V of the Standing Conference of Interior Ministers and Senators of the Länder. As of March 2010
  3. ↑ Information, studies and reports from the Forschungsgemeinschaft Funk eV (FGF): Electromagnetic Compatibility of Devices (EMV-G) ( Memento from April 26, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC); Installation of BOS radio systems and devices in fire-fighting and disaster control vehicles (PDF) Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior, for Construction and Transport. S. 2. November 17, 2006. Accessed December 5, 2015.
  5. ↑ Section 23 (1a) of the Road Traffic Regulations (StVO)
  6. ↑ Section 35, Paragraph 9 of the Road Traffic Regulations (StVO)
  7. ↑ Section 52, Paragraph 4 of the Road Traffic Regulations (StVO)