Radio reporting system
The radio reporting system (FMS) is an audio-frequency transmission system in analog BOS radio operation at the German authorities and organizations with security tasks ( BOS ). It is used for the automated transmission of defined status messages from the emergency vehicles using short digital telegrams instead of analog language to the control center and, conversely, standardized instructions from the control center to the emergency vehicles.
The main advantage of the FMS is that routine reports (e.g. that an emergency vehicle is on the way to use) can be transmitted quickly and automatically at the push of a button. This relieves the burden on both the BOS radio and the dispatchers in the control center and the radio is kept free for further and more important communication . In addition, the connection of the FMS to an operations control computer system enables automated vehicle and operation management.
functionality
With the help of the BOS radio reporting system , so-called short telegrams (e.g. the information that a vehicle has arrived at the destination) are exchanged between vehicles and the control center. The digital data is transmitted as an acoustic signal via the normal operating channel of the respective BOS. Each vehicle has a device with a unique digital identifier that is always transmitted with the information. This identifier is made up of the associated organization ( BOS identifier ), the federal state , a location identifier and the vehicle identifier (nickname). This is followed by the current status (0–9).
On the part of the vehicle, status information is transmitted to the control center via a number (0–9) and via an additional level (I-IV, Tactical Brief Information ( TKI )), but the latter is not in use. The control center can specifically (“selectively”) transmit instruction information to an individual vehicle, which is displayed there as a letter (including E, C, F, H, J, L). The transmission is automatically confirmed by the system with an acknowledgment telegram.
Furthermore, a control center can send longer texts, so-called short text telegrams , to vehicles. This not very widespread technology is mostly used in the rescue service to transmit the location of the incident. The short text telegram, however, uses a different transmission protocol than the FMS.
The following numbers are defined across all services:
- 0 = emergency call
- 9 = manual acknowledgment
By pressing the status 0 , the radio remains in transmission mode for 30–60 seconds with the microphone switched on, depending on the setting, in order to enable an emergency announcement. The emergency call function is intended in particular for acute threat situations (crew is violently attacked). Most radios are configured in such a way that the button of status 0 has to be pressed longer or twice in quick succession in order to avoid accidental triggering and thus blocking the radio channel.
The details of technology, equipment and function are specified in the BOS technical guideline ( TR-BOS radio reporting system ).
The BOS radio is a non-public mobile VHF land radio service (nömL) in Germany , which is used by authorities and organizations with security tasks.
Reporting path vehicle - control center
The BOS FMS is usually coded as follows:
| status | Ambulance service | fire Department | police |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Emergency call / prioritized speech request ( digital radio from authorities and organizations with security tasks ) | Emergency call / prioritized speech request ( digital radio from authorities and organizations with security tasks ) | Emergency call |
| 1 | ready for use via radio (also login) | ready for use via radio (also login) | ready for use via radio (also login) |
| 2 | ready to go on watch | ready to go on watch | ready to go on watch |
| 3 | Assignment taken over / journey to the location ("from ...") | Assignment taken over / journey to the location ("from ...") | Assignment taken over / journey to the location ("from ...") |
| 4th | Arrival at the place of use ("to") | Arrival at the place of use ("adE") | Arrival at the place of use ("to") |
| 5 | Request to speak | Request to speak | Request to speak |
| 6th | not ready for use | not ready for use | book out temporarily |
| 7th | Patient admitted | conditionally ready for use via radio
(No longer intended for the fire brigade according to the current BOS guidelines) |
Information request (data query) |
| 8th | at the transport destination | conditionally ready for duty on guard
(No longer intended for the fire brigade according to the current BOS guidelines) |
Assignment taken over / journey to the location (free vehicle assignment) |
| 9 | Emergency doctor accepted (different across districts / hand acknowledgment / registration in the external group / in some control center areas also "urgent speech request", (call with priority)) | Manual acknowledgment / in some control center areas also "Urgent speech request", (call with priority)
(No longer intended for the fire brigade according to the current BOS guidelines) |
check in / check out (not occupied everywhere) |
| TKI | Ambulance service |
|---|---|
| I. | without an emergency doctor / without a special signal (no longer provided for the fire brigade according to valid BOS guidelines) |
| II | without an emergency doctor / with special signal (no longer provided for the fire brigade according to valid BOS guidelines) |
| III | with emergency doctor / without special signal (no longer provided for the fire brigade according to valid BOS guidelines) |
| IV | with emergency doctor / with special signal (no longer provided for the fire brigade according to valid BOS guidelines) |
Reporting path control center - vehicle
| status | Ambulance service | fire Department | police |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. | Collective call (to all) | Collective call (to all) | Collective call (to all) |
| E. | Indent / Cancel / Mission order canceled | Indent / Cancel / Mission order canceled | Self-protection |
| C. | Sign up for takeover | Sign up for takeover | Switch off other handset |
| F. | Come across wire | Come across wire | Come across wire |
| H | Come on guard | Come on guard | arrest warrant |
| J | Speech request (according to status 5 or 0) | Speech request (according to status 5 or 0) | Speech request (according to status 5) |
| L. | Give situation report | Give situation report | Give situation report |
| P | Use the police / take a break | ||
| U | Illegal status sequence | Illegal status sequence | |
| c | Correct status | Correct status | |
| d | Communicate the transport destination | ||
| H | Target clinic notified | ||
| O | Wait, all answering stations are occupied | Wait, all answering stations are occupied | |
| u | negative | Roger that |
(In the area of individual control centers, there may well be differences between the individual FMS status, since the occupancy of the individual status is determined by the respective state rescue service law or similar legal texts).
Technical implementation
In the radio reporting system, data telegrams with a length of 48 bits are transmitted, which contain 40 bits of user data. Before the data telegram, a series of 12 bits with the value “1” and then the block synchronization byte “00011010” are transmitted to synchronize the receivers. The data bits are transmitted in low- frequency shift keying at a speed of 1200 baud , the frequencies 1200 and 1800 Hz being used as a frequency pair . A complete status transmission takes a total of 0.055s and is usually only audible as a brief upward activation or noise. The complete structure of the transmission looks like this:
| bit | meaning |
|---|---|
| leader | 12 × "1" bit and block synchronization "00011010" (see above) |
| 1-4 | BOS service identifier (4 bit) |
| 5-8 | Country code (4 bit) |
| 9-16 | Location identifier (8 bit) |
| 17-32 | Vehicle identification (16 bit) |
| 33-36 | Status (4 bit) |
| 37 | Construction stage identifier (1 bit) |
| 38 | Direction identifier (1 bit) |
| 39-40 | tactical short information (2 bit) |
| 41-47 | redundancy |
| 48 | Final bit |
The representation of the status bits (No. 33 to 36) as digits and certain letters is conditioned by the representation options according to the state of the art when the radio reporting system was introduced in the 1970s. In the FMS operating devices, the display of the operational status (vehicle - control center) and the instruction (control center - vehicle) was implemented using an element of the seven-segment display .
This resulted in the following options, for example:
| Show |
|
|---|
System failures
The computer-aided evaluation of the individual status is no longer possible if the computer system fails. Redundant systems provide a higher level of security against failure . In the event of a total failure of the system, the occupancy of the radio channel increases enormously, as all vehicles have to report their status via radio. In addition, there is an accumulation of automated shipments, such as B. the GPS location transfer, since they are no longer acknowledged by the operations control computer and are thus sent twice or - depending on the configuration of the radio devices - several times (unsuccessfully).
Digital BOS radio
The radio reporting system is a technology from the 1970s. In Germany, the BOS digital radio has been introduced nationwide and has been used nationwide by the police, initially in real operation, since 2016. In the final stage, all other BOS will be integrated. In November 2019, 4,700 base stations were in operation and usable. This means that 99.2% of the area of the Federal Republic of Germany is covered by radio and over 875,000 users are registered in the network. More than 50 million radio messages are sent every month. With SDS (Short Data Service), digital radio includes a functionality for exchanging short messages, with which functions similar to FMS are also covered.
See also
- Fire brigade alarm systems
- Radio transmitter
- Digital radio of the authorities and organizations with security tasks
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Technical guideline TR-BOS radio reporting system. (PDF 1 MB) June 1999, accessed June 20, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Appendix 4 of the TR-BOS radio reporting system , as of June 1999 (PDF, 1 MB), p. 5/6 (p. 56/57 im PDF). The remote orders provided with this individual proof are used uniformly, the use of the others may differ locally.
- ↑ TR-BOS radio reporting system, as of June 1999 (PDF, 1 MB), section 4.4, p. 18.
- ↑ TR-BOS radio reporting system, as of June 1999 (PDF, 1 MB), section 3.2.1, p. 11.
- ↑ Federal Agency for Digital Radio BOS (BDBOS): BDBOS - Chronicle. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
- ↑ Questions and answers about digital radio: How big is the BOS digital radio network? In: bdbos.bund.de. Retrieved April 28, 2020 .