Commercial radio
The mobile radio for voice and data transmission , including industrial mobile radio , is a collective term for radio applications that the land mobile radio service can be assigned. In Germany, these radio applications are also known as non-public mobile land radio (nömL) and are divided into different areas of application according to civilian user groups. Customers are u. a. Commercial , craft and commercial enterprises, agricultural enterprises , institutions under public law, sports clubs and service companies. As a rule, mobile land radio stations are used for this. The relevant military radio applications or those of the authorities and organizations with security tasks run under the VO radio- compliant designation mobile land radio service .
Analog and digital professional radio for voice and data transmission
The corporate radio for voice and data transmission is used to transmit internal messages. The origins can be found in the 1950s. The technology of company radio has changed significantly over the decades, but the basic idea of independent internal communication has remained.
A basic distinction is made between analog and digital commercial radio.
In analog mobile radio for voice and data transmission, there is the possibility of language and data to be transmitted. A 20 kHz channel grid has existed in analog commercial radio since around 1970. Technological advancements mean that devices on the market can be used in analog commercial radio in a narrower channel grid (12.5 kHz). In terms of efficient frequency use, this is useful and necessary.
According to a notification in the official gazette of the Federal Network Agency 418/2018, the analog 20 kHz channel grid will expire on December 31, 2028 and will be replaced by a 12.5 kHz channel grid. In individual frequency sub-ranges, the 20 kHz channel grid ends on December 31, 2022. These frequencies are to be made available to digital commercial radio.
In July 2020, the administrative regulation for non-public mobile land radio (VVnömL) was changed to the effect that only frequencies in the 12.5 kHz channel grid may be allocated in analog commercial radio for new radio networks to be set up. The frequency ranges of the company radio have been rasterized in accordance with CEPT ECC Recommendation T / R 25-08. According to Communication 418/2018, frequencies in the 20 kHz channel grid, the time limit of which is expiring and which were allocated before the introduction of the analog 12.5 kHz frequencies, can be re-allocated until December 31, 2028 at the latest. After this date, the 20 kHz channel grid in commercial radio for voice and data transmission ends (see VVnömL Part B, Section 1 Commercial radio for voice and data transmission).
In 2008, frequencies for digital commercial radio were made available in the VVnömL for the first time. By using the time division multiplexing method TDMA in the DMR standard (channel bandwidth 12.5 kHz), as well as the frequency multiplexing method FDMA in the dPMR standard (channel bandwidth 6.25 kHz), digital commercial radio with its diverse uses (e.g. group and individual calls of the Participants, data transmission for texts, GPS, telemetry etc.) has recently been established as the standard for professional users of corporate radio.
New generation professional radio devices can map analog and digital professional radio in one device. Many manufacturers are already discontinuing purely analog company radio devices, so that further developments in company radio for voice and data transmission will probably focus on digital radio.
Because of the small channel bandwidth of 6.25 kHz, digital commercial radio in the dPMR standard is particularly suitable for efficient use of frequencies.
Frequency assignments according to the frequency distribution plan (diamonds)
A company radio network usually consists of a fixed radio system with a number of associated mobile radio stations (vehicle radio systems , handheld radio devices and radio signal receivers ). For a company radio network, a radio coverage area with a radius of max. 15 km (30 km in the 4m band) allocated.
The area of the Federal Republic of Germany was covered on the map with a diamond-shaped pattern, the frequency distribution plan (also known as the "diamond plan").
Nine frequency allocation areas are numbered as "small diamonds" (20 × 20 km) according to a specific scheme and form a "large diamond". The frequencies available are divided into the nine frequency allocation areas in each “large diamond”. With this scheme it is achieved that frequencies used in a certain frequency allocation area are only used again in repetition areas with a certain minimum distance. The size and number of diamonds are chosen so that the individual frequencies allocated for use in a small diamond with standardized parameters (radiated power and antenna height) generally only occur with low interference field strengths in frequency repetition areas.
Frequency assignments without being tied to a frequency distribution plan (diamonds)
In addition to the diamond-based frequency assignments, there are also assignments in so-called regional areas. This is usually the case when a small diamond can no longer cover the radio coverage area (e.g. energy suppliers or public transport companies).
If companies have to use their company radio at constantly changing locations (e.g. construction companies), so-called "wandering frequencies" can be allocated by the Federal Network Agency. These can then be used throughout Germany. These frequencies may not be used with fixed radio stations.
Frequency allocation
The responsible branch office of the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA), formerly the regulatory authority for telecommunications and post (RegTP), issues a frequency allocation for a commercial radio network. The allocation determines the operating frequency , the location of the fixed radio system, the antenna height, the antenna type and the radiated transmission power.
Further information and applications for frequency allocation are published on the homepage of the Federal Network Agency (commercial radio).
fees and contributions
The frequency fee regulations stipulate a one-off fee of € 130 per frequency assignment. For each end device (radio), annual contributions must also be paid in accordance with the Frequency Protection Contribution Ordinance. These are currently mostly less than 10 euros per year and per device. The legislature stipulates that only the actual costs associated with frequency allocation and monitoring are to be passed on to radio subscribers.
Frequency assignments for commercial radio
In Germany, frequencies from the following frequency ranges are allocated:
| 8 meter tape | 34.75 MHz ... 34.95 MHz |
| 4 meter tape | 68.00 MHz ... 87.50 MHz |
| 2 meter tape | 146.00 MHz ... 174.00 MHz |
| 70 cm tape | 440.00 MHz ... 470.00 MHz |
Due to the limited number of radio frequencies, allocation is generally made for shared use of the frequency with other licensees. In order to still only be able to hear your own devices, various call procedures are used in analogue commercial radio. The 5-tone sequence method is widespread in Europe; outside of Europe, CTCSS or 2-tone calls are usually used .
In digital professional radio, shared uses are decoupled from one another through the use of system codes. These are also part of the frequency allocation and are therefore specified by the Federal Network Agency.
Radio in the car
According to the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior, radios are not a safety-relevant accessory that would have to meet certain European regulations.
So far, the so-called mobile phone ban only applies to mobile phones. Thus, neither the CB radio nor the commercial radio , BOS radio (e.g. police , fire brigade , rescue service , etc.) and also not the amateur radio service have been affected by the ban .
On July 12, 2017, however, the Federal Council received a draft ordinance from the Ministry of Transport and the Environment to amend the road traffic regulations and extend the hand-held ban to all technical communication, information and entertainment electronics devices, including radio devices. However, a transition period is to apply to CB radio.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Administrative regulation for the non-public mobile land radio (VVnömL). Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
- ↑ CEPT ECC Recommendation T / R 25-08. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Text of the Frequency Fee Ordinance
- ↑ FSBeitrV - unofficial table of contents. Retrieved July 10, 2020 .
- ↑ Installation of BOS radio systems and devices in fire brigade and disaster control vehicles , publication by the Bavarian Ministry of the Interior (PDF 16 kB)
- ↑ 53. Ordinance on the amendment of road traffic regulations. (PDF; 739 kB) Federal Council (Germany), July 12, 2017, accessed on February 14, 2018 .
- ↑ CB radio is not a smartphone. SPD parliamentary group, June 23, 2017, accessed on February 14, 2018 (press release).