Worms

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the independent city of Worms
Worms
Map of Germany, position of the independent city of Worms highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 38 '  N , 8 ° 22'  E

Basic data
State : Rhineland-Palatinate
Height : 100 m above sea level NHN
Area : 108.73 km 2
Residents: 83,542 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 768 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 67547, 67549, 67550, 67551
Primaries : 06241, 06242, 06246, 06247
License plate : WHERE
Community key : 07 3 19 000
NUTS : DEB39

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 2
67547 Worms
Website : www.worms.de
Lord Mayor : Adolf Kessel ( CDU )
Location of Worms in Rhineland-Palatinate
Niederlande Belgien Frankreich Luxemburg Baden-Württemberg Hessen Nordrhein-Westfalen Saarland Frankenthal (Pfalz) Kaiserslautern Koblenz Landau in der Pfalz Landau in der Pfalz Ludwigshafen am Rhein Mainz Pirmasens Speyer Trier Worms Zweibrücken Landkreis Ahrweiler Landkreis Altenkirchen (Westerwald) Landkreis Alzey-Worms Landkreis Bad Dürkheim Landkreis Bad Kreuznach Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich Landkreis Birkenfeld Landkreis Cochem-Zell Donnersbergkreis Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm Landkreis Germersheim Landkreis Kaiserslautern Landkreis Kusel Landkreis Mainz-Bingen Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz Neustadt an der Weinstraße Landkreis Neuwied Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis Rhein-Lahn-Kreis Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis Landkreis Südliche Weinstraße Landkreis Südwestpfalz Landkreis Trier-Saarburg Landkreis Vulkaneifel Westerwaldkreismap
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Logo of the " Nibelungenstadt Worms"
The Worms Cathedral St. Peter
Liebfrauenkirche in the northern old town

Worms [ vɔʁms , in the dialect vɔms ] is a city in the southeast of Rhineland-Palatinate and is located directly on the left bank of the Rhine . The middle center with partial function of a regional center is located on the edge of the metropolitan regions Rhine-Neckar and Rhine-Main . Due to this location, it is simultaneously assigned to the Rheinhessen-Nahe planning region and the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region (in which the Rheinpfalz planning region is incorporated).

Today's residents of the city ​​founded by the Celts vie with Augsburg , Trier and Kempteners for the title of the oldest city in Germany . Worms is the German representative in the Most Ancient European Towns Network (working group of the oldest cities in Europe) .

Worms is known as the Nibelungen and Luther City and for its cathedral , which is one of the three Romanesque imperial cathedrals alongside the Mainz and Speyer cathedral . Worms ( Yiddish ווירמייזא Wermajze ), one of the three ShUM cities , was also a center of Ashkenazi-Jewish culture in Germany.

geography

Worms with the Nibelungen Bridge , Cathedral , Rhine and Rhine promenade
River kilometer 444 of the Rhine in Worms

Geographical location

Worms is located in the eastern part of Rhineland-Palatinate in the Upper Rhine Plain . It is located in the south-east of the Rheinhessen region between Mainz (approx. 40 kilometers north) and Ludwigshafen (approx. 20 kilometers south) on the left, western bank of the Rhine . In the northern city area the Pfrimm flows into the Rhine, the southern parts of the city are traversed by the Eisbach (also called Altbach ), which also flows into this river. The lower reaches of the Eckbach , which also flows into the Rhine, runs in the extreme southeast of the city .

In the southwest, 15 km away, are the foothills of the Palatinate Forest , in the west the hilly landscape of the Wonnegau , on the other side of the Rhine the Hessian part of the Odenwald joins the plain .

The lowest point in Worms is 86.5  m above sea level. NHN near the northern district of Ibersheim on the former river island Ibersheimer Wörth , the highest point is at 167  m on the western city limit between the district of Pfeddersheim and the neighboring Nieder-Flörsheim directly on Nieder-Flörsheimer Strasse ( Landesstrasse  443).

Catchment area

Worms within the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region

As a middle center, Worms is directly assigned to Wonnegau with the municipalities of Eich , Monsheim and Wonnegau . The catchment area of ​​the city also includes parts of the Hessian Ried and the northern Front Palatinate .

Worms is located in the north of the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region or in the south-west of the Rhine-Main area and, due to its location, is also a link between these agglomerations. This is why the city is part of both the Rheinhessen-Nahe planning region and the Rheinpfalz planning region , which is supported by the Rhein-Neckar Region Association .

City structure

The 19 districts of Worms

Worms is divided into eight districts with 19 districts. The 13 eingemeindeten areas (subdivisions of municipalities 4 to 7), at the same time apart from the central Gemarkung Worms Gemarkungen form, have as Ortsbezirke each Ortsbeirat , Ortsvorsteher and location management. They attach great importance to maintaining their typical character with great self-confidence. District-related wine festivals take place, for example, in the Herrnsheimer Schlosshof of the former princes of Dalberg or on the medieval city walls of Pfeddersheim.

Districts of Worms, according to districts
district Area
ha 		Residents Location to the city center incorporated Gemarkungs -
key 		Post Code Telephone code
District 0 downtown
01 city center 0086 08,735   - 073911 67547 06241
District 1 South area
11 downtown south 0261 05,283 adjoining to the south - 073911 67547 06241
12 Karl Marx settlement 0643 01,117 south of the center (3 km) - 073911 67547 06241
District 2 North area
21 North city center 0723 09,725 adjacent to the north - 073911 67547 06241
District 3 urban area southwest
31 downtown west 0155 10,001 adjacent to the west - 073911 67549 06241
32 downtown southwest 0176 02,057 adjacent to the southwest - 073911 67549 06241
District 4 Western Suburbs
41 Pfiffligheim 0393 03,386 west of the center October 1, 1898 073913 67549 06241
42 Hochheim 0242 03,538 northwest of the center October 1, 1898 073909 67549 06241
43 Neuhausen 0185 10,508 north of the center April 1, 1898 073910 67549 06241
44 Herrnsheim 1217 06,270 in the north of the city (5 km) April 1, 1942 073903 67550 06241
45 Leiselheim 0259 02,104 outside in the west (4 km) April 1, 1942 073914 67549 06241
District 5 suburbs southwest
51 Horchheim 0575 04,795 southwest of the center (4.5 km) April 1, 1942 073908 67551 06241
52 Weinheim 0417 02,780 in the southwest of the city (4 km) April 1, 1942 073912 67551 06241
53 Wiesoppenheim 0354 01,733 outside in the southwest (5.5 km) 7th June 1969 073907 67551 06241
54 Heppenheim 1126 02,207 outside in the southwest (9 km) 7th June 1969 073906 67551 06241
District 6 Western suburbs
61 Pfeddersheim 1187 07,025 outside in the west (7 km) 7th June 1969 073905 67551 06247
62 Abenheim 1090 02,512 outside in the northwest (10 km) 7th June 1969 073904 67550 06242
Borough 7 Northern Suburbs
71 Rheindürkheim 0812 02,923 outside in the north (8 km) 7th June 1969 073902 67550 06242
72 Ibersheim 0972 00.714 outside in the north (13 km) 7th June 1969 073901 67550 06246

see also: List of places in the independent city of Worms

climate

Precipitation mean values ​​in Worms for the period from 1961 to 1990

Due to its location in the Upper Rhine Plain between the Palatinate Forest and Donnersberg in the west and Bergstrasse and Odenwald in the east, Worms is one of the warmest and driest places in Germany.

Air temperature

The long-term mean air temperature for the period 1951 to 1980 is 10.3 ° C. An increase in the annual mean air temperature has been observed in recent years. In 2008 the average air temperature at Hagenstrasse was 12.2 ° C, while in the same period five kilometers further west in Worms-Leiselheim an average air temperature of 11.3 ° C was measured. The air temperature for 2007 (averaged) at Hagenstrasse was 12.7 ° C and in Leiselheim 11.7 ° C. The higher average value of +1 K of the annual mean temperature on Hagenstrasse compared to the Worms-Leiselheim weather station is mainly based on the mostly warmer inner-city temperature values .

Precipitation

The mean amount of precipitation for the period from 1961 to 1990 is 608 mm. Precipitation falls mainly in May, June and July. In 2008 the annual precipitation at Hagenstrasse was 492.2 mm, while in the same period five kilometers further west in Worms-Leiselheim an annual precipitation of 529.4 mm was measured.

The amount of precipitation for 2007 was (averaged) - Hagenstrasse 545.8 mm - Leiselheim 622.6 mm. The rainfall is low. They are in the lower quarter of the values ​​recorded in Germany. Lower values ​​are registered at 23% of the measuring stations of the German Weather Service . The driest month is February, with the most rainfall in July. In July there is 2 times more rainfall than in February. The precipitation varies relatively strongly. Lower seasonal fluctuations are recorded at 69% of the measuring stations in Germany .

Sunshine duration

The long-term mean (1951–1980) is 1,709.7 hours. An increase in the annual mean number of hours of sunshine has been observed in Leiselheim in recent years. In 2007 there were 2007 hours of sunshine, a deviation from the long-term average of + 297.3 hours or + 17.4%; in 2008, 1886 hours were determined. This is a deviation from the long-term average of + 176.3 hours or + 10.3%. In 2009 and 2010, the deviations were even more striking, + 343.3 hours or + 20.1% (2009) and + 357.3 hours or + 20.9% in 2010.

history

Roman milestone on the corner of Römerstrasse and Wollstrasse

Surname

The oldest traditional form of the place name ( Borbetomagus or Bormetomagus) is of Celtic origin and is traced back to a term for water or spring or the name of a god Bormo or a river derived from it . The Latinized ending -magus is the Celtic word for field, meadow, plain. The name would thus source field , field of Bormo or field at the Bormita mean. The later Worms became the capital of the semi-autonomous administrative district (lat. Civitas ) Civitas Vangionum . This was named after the Vangionen tribe, who had lived here since the first century AD . The Worms called themselves vangions until the 16th century. The name Wangengau for the area around Worms is derived from this name , which was then translated into the more understandable Wonnegau . The German name Worms , like the city since 6/7. Century is called, but goes back to the Gallo-Celtic Borbetomagus / Bormetomagus. Due to a later sound change, the initial B became W. So Borbetomagus in the language of the Germanic settlers in the early Middle Ages finally changed to Warmazfeld, Warmazia / Varmacia, Wormazia / Wormatia and finally to Worms . The Latin form Wormatia is in the old Hebrew name of the city, which had a significant Jewish community in the Middle Ages , as Warmaisa ( Hebrew וורמש) still received.

City development up to the 9th century

The urban area of ​​Worms was first discovered in the Neolithic (Neolithic) around 5000 BC. Populated by farmers and ranchers. While older research postulated a very high settlement continuity for the area of ​​Worms since that time, which was also reflected in an early functioning market and transport system, more recent publications assume a change between settled and settlement-free phases. The last time is for the middle of the 1st century BC. BC assumed that Worms and Rheinhessen would be largely empty of settlements for at least 60 years .

On the inconspicuous hill Adlerberg am Rhein in the south of Worms, a total of 25 graves from different times were discovered between 1896 and 1951. As far as we know today, eight of these graves date from the Adlerberg culture (around 2300/2200–1800 BC) from the Early Bronze Age . The Worms doctor Karl Koehl , to whom the term “Adlerbergkultur” goes back, has made a contribution to researching these finds .

Since Augustan times (31 BC to 14 AD), Worms and the surrounding area belonged to Roman rule. From the beginning of the 1st century AD until around 85 AD, a Roman military base existed on the soil of today's Worms. The associated civil settlement with the Celtic name Borbetomagus became the capital of the Civitas Vangionum and developed urban structures.

In Franconian times, the secure list of Worms bishops begins with Bishop Berchtulf, who attended the Paris Synod in 614 . The early bishops Amandus von Worms († 7th century) and Rupert von Salzburg († 718) are among the saints of the Roman Catholic Church. Amandus became the patron saint of the diocese and the city of Worms. Under the Carolingians, Worms was one of the centers of power, so that its bishops were close to the royal court in the 8th and 9th centuries.

middle Ages

Worms - after Sebastian Münster 1550
Worms - after Braun / Hogenberg 1576
Worms - Excerpt from the Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian the Younger 1655

In 829 and 926 the Reichstag of the Franconian and Eastern Franconian Empire took place in Worms. At that time, Worms, which was still one of the Carolingian centers of power in the 9th century, had already moved into a peripheral position due to the division of the Frankish empire. At the court conference in Worms in May 961, Otto the Great raised his seven-year-old son Otto II to be co-king. On February 2, 965 Otto I celebrated the anniversary of his coronation as emperor after his return from Italy in Worms and in August 966 he arranged for representation in Worms for the time of his recent absence. In 976 Otto von Worms received the newly created Duchy of Carinthia, which had previously been part of Bavaria.

With the Salians , the city began to flourish. In 1074 it was exempt from customs duties . Another court day took place here in 1076 , on which King Henry IV declared Pope Gregory VII deposed and was immediately banned from church - one of the consequences of these events was the trip to Canossa .

In 1122, the Worms Concordat named after the city was concluded in Worms . During this time, the city constitution was formed with an independently operating city council representing the citizens. After the fall of the Salians in 1125, the Hohenstaufen also became closely associated with the city. In 1184, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa granted the city extensive freedoms, which can be seen as the foundation of the imperial city . The 12th century was marked by the beginning of the dispute between the bishop and the city council over de facto rule over the city - a conflict that would last into the 16th century.

Early modern age

Postage stamp in memory of the Reichstag from 1495

In 1495 another Reichstag took place under King Maximilian , at which the imperial tax , the imperial chamber court and the ban on feuding of the perpetual peace were introduced. At this point the city had already passed the height of its economic boom. The civil uprising of 1512/13 and the feud with Franz von Sickingen 1515–1519 further shattered the city's financial situation. In fact, the city was a free imperial city, but the bishop and the clergy, who according to various estimates made up between 30 and 50% of the city's population (including servants and servants), succeeded in tough negotiations in enforcing so many special rights that the city council's room for maneuver was very limited. In addition, the influence of the Palatinate Rhine Counts on the city had increased significantly in the course of the 15th century . At times the Worms and Speyer bishops were occupied by the Count Palatine brothers.

As in many other cities, especially in the spiritually free urban climate, the new ideas of the Reformation spread early and quickly in Worms. This was accelerated by the Diet of Worms held in 1521 , at which Martin Luther defended his 95 theses published in Wittenberg against Emperor Charles V. Worms became a center and field of experimentation for the Reformation: in 1524 a German Protestant mass was printed here for the first time, and in 1526 William Tyndale published the first English version of the New Testament in Worms. The attempt of the Worms city council to end the episcopal tutelage during the Peasant War in 1525 failed. Worms became Protestant. The bishop and the clergy retained their special rights and the cathedral, but Roman Catholics could not become members of the city council.

In 1659, Elector Karl I Ludwig von der Pfalz submitted an offer to the city to make it the capital of the Electoral Palatinate and to relocate Heidelberg University to Worms. The city refused. Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal already had the title “Capital of the Electoral Palatinate” . The proposal was an attempt by the elector to gain increased influence in the city, which the traditionally authorized people there, especially the city council and the bishop, could hardly approve.

In 1689 the city was destroyed in the Palatinate War of Succession by the troops of King Louis XIV . A contemporary report on this comes from Elieser Liebermann, son of Juspa Schammes , which he added as a final chapter when he published his father's work Ma'asseh nissim . The population was displaced and it was about ten years before urban life got going again.

19th and 20th centuries

Worms from the west, around 1900
Loan for 500 marks from the city of Worms on April 17, 1903

From 1792 to 1814 Worms belonged to the First French Republic and the First Empire , from 1815 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse as part of the province of Rheinhessen . The geometer Konrad Schredelseker worked out the first cadastral plan of Worms "Atlas géometrique de la ville de Worms" from 1809 to 1810. In 1835, the four districts of Mainz, Bingen, Alzey and Worms were established as state administrative districts in Rheinhessen.

In the course of the reform of the district constitution in the Grand Duchy of Hesse based on the Prussian model in 1874, there was also a new district division. The division of the province of Rheinhessen into five districts (Alzey, Bingen, Mainz, Worms, Oppenheim) created at that time lasted for more than six decades.

After the three provinces of Starkenburg, Upper Hesse and Rheinhessen were abolished in 1937, a radical regional reform was carried out in Hesse on November 1, 1938. In the vicinity of Worms, the Oppenheim and Bensheim districts were dissolved. The municipalities of Lampertheim , Bürstadt , Hofheim and Biblis on the right bank of the Rhine were incorporated into the newly created Worms district , which emerged from the Worms district. The cities of Mainz and Worms were made independent as urban districts . This administrative structure was created until the end of the war in 1945.

The city was largely destroyed by two Allied bombing raids on February 21 and March 18, 1945 . The British air raid of February 21, 1945 targeted the central station located on the edge of the city center and the chemical plants southwest of the city center, but also destroyed large parts of the city center, including the Trinity Church , which was built 1709–1725 as the “Reformation Memorial Church” , except for the Outer walls and parts of the tower burned out completely. The Worms Cathedral was also set on fire. 239 residents died. 141 people were killed in the US attack on March 18, 1945. The attacks left around 15,000 people homeless. 35% of the building stock was completely destroyed, another 29% damaged to varying degrees. The city center was rebuilt in a largely modern style after the war.

The former Hessian province of Rheinhessen became in 1946 the administrative district of Rheinhessen of the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate. From 1968 until the dissolution of the Rhineland-Palatinate administrative districts in 2000, Worms belonged to the administrative district of Rheinhessen-Pfalz .

Jews in Worms

Jew from Worms (around 1600) Jewish woman from Worms (around 1600)
Jew from Worms (around 1600)
Jewish woman from Worms (around 1600)
City map of Worms 1630, the Jewish district is marked in color
Ruins of the synagogue that was set on fire during the November pogroms in 1938, photo taken after 1945
Reconstruction of the synagogue completed in 1961, photo taken in 2007

The Jewish community held a prominent position, which was one of the most important in the Holy Roman Empire in the Middle Ages and early modern times and together with the Jewish community of Mainz and Speyer formed the so-called ShUM cities . Occupied in Worms from around 960 onwards, the Jewish merchants in Worms, who were particularly active in long-distance trade, enjoyed imperial duty exemptions from the 11th century and, like the Jews in Speyer, enjoyed freedom of trade throughout the Reich. A famous Talmud school was established in Worms , which was also attended by the important French Jewish scholar Rashi . A synagogue was inaugurated in 1034, the surviving Jewish cemetery , the oldest in Europe, has existed at least since 1058/59. Despite their privileged position, when the crusader army of the First Crusade reached Worms in 1096, all Jews who did not undergo compulsory baptism or who instead committed suicide were murdered. After the imperial protection was restored, Jews settled again in Worms and the forced baptized were allowed to return to Judaism. During the second crusade , the Worms Jews were able to get to safety in good time.

In the later 12th century a new synagogue was built and expanded. In the 13th century, the importance of Worms' Jewish scholars began to decline. A prayer book has been preserved, the Wormser Machsor from 1272, which also contains the oldest written testimony in Yiddish. During the persecution of the Jews at the time of the Black Death , the Jewish community in Worms was destroyed in 1349. In May 1353, Jews were again allowed to settle in Worms in the interests of the “city welfare” ; they were no longer allowed to acquire property outside the ghetto , the now established Judengasse around the synagogue . The Jewish community never regained its former importance. In 1615 the Jews were again expelled from the city, but were able to return the following year. Even with the destruction of the city by the French in 1689, the Jewish community had to flee Worms again and it took more than a decade before they could return.

In the 19th century, around 800 Jews lived in Worms, who achieved civil equality with the Christians in 1848, and in the following year Ferdinand Eberstadt was the first Jew to be elected mayor of the city after his predecessor Georg Friedrich Renz had resigned. Eberstadt ran for the office of mayor with two other candidates, but the government in Darmstadt found the wine merchant Johann Philipp Bandel to be too radical and the civil servant Ludwig Blenker too cocky without political foresight; whereupon the merchant Eberstadt was appointed mayor of the city of Worms by the Grand Duke at the beginning of 1849.

In 1933 the city had a good 1,000 Jews, the majority of whom moved away after the Nazis came to power and some of them emigrated. The old synagogue was largely destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 , but the old Jewish cemetery Heiliger Sand was preserved. The 300 or so Jews remaining in Worms were deported to concentration camps, which only a few of them survived. The Levy Synagogue (also New Synagogue ) from 1875 opposite the old synagogue survived the pogroms of 1938 largely undamaged, but it was badly damaged in one of the air raids in 1945 and demolished in 1947. After the end of the Second World War, there were isolated Jews again in the city, but there was no longer any Jewish community life. The old synagogue was rebuilt by the state from 1958 to 1961, and in 1982 the Jewish Museum was opened in the Rashi House, whose cellar vaults date from the 14th century. At the beginning of the 21st century, more than a hundred Jews live in Worms, mostly immigrants from the former Soviet Union , who are members of the Jewish community in Mainz.

Incorporations

  • April 1, 1898: Neuhausen
  • October 1, 1898: Hochheim, Pfiffligheim
  • April 1, 1942: Herrnsheim, Horchheim, Leiselheim, Weinsheim
  • June 7, 1969: Abenheim, Heppenheim an der Wiese, Ibersheim, Pfeddersheim (city), Rheindürkheim, Wiesoppenheim; Reconstruction of a part of the city of Osthofen with 181 inhabitants to Worms

In October 1937, the Rosengarten heritage farmhouse on the right bank of the Rhine was formed from parts of the Bürstadt , Hofheim and Lampertheim districts and incorporated into the city of Worms. In 1945, when the border was drawn between the French and American occupation zones , it fell to the state of Greater Hesse .

population

Population development

Population development of Worms.svg Population development of Worms - from 1871
Desc-i.svg
Population development in Worms according to the table below. Above from 1500 to 2017. Below an excerpt from 1871

In its heyday around 1500, Worms had about 6,000 inhabitants. Due to the destruction in the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) and a plague epidemic in 1666/67, the population fell to just 3,000. With industrialization in the 19th century, population growth accelerated. In 1800 only 5,000 people lived in the city, in 1900 there were already over 40,000. The incorporation of several places in 1969 brought an increase from 15,000 people to 78,000 inhabitants.

As of December 31, 2019, the official population of Worms was 83,542 according to figures from the State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate. This makes Worms the sixth largest city in Rhineland-Palatinate and the fourth largest in the Rhine-Neckar triangle . Worms has a foreign share of 16.3%. The proportion of pupils with a migration background in Worms at general schools was 22% (school year 2012/13). This leads the list in the comparison of cities in Rhineland-Palatinate, after Ludwigshafen and Mainz. At the beginning of 2015, over 49% of the children in the day-care centers had a migration background. In 2005, with an average age of 41.5 years, Worms was in second place among the independent cities behind Mainz (41.2 years). This means that Worms has a relatively young population in a nationwide comparison. The average age in Rhineland-Palatinate is 41.6 years and 41.8 years in Germany.

The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status. Until 1820 it is mostly an estimate, then census results (¹) or official updates from the State Statistical Office. From 1871, the information relates to the “local population”, from 1925 to the resident population and since 1987 to the “population at the location of the main residence”. Before 1871, the number of inhabitants was determined according to inconsistent survey procedures.

year Residents
1500 06,000
1667 03,000
1689 05,000
1798 04,984
1805 05,461
1816 06,259
1820 07,085
December 1, 1831 ¹ 08,230
December 1, 1840 ¹ 08,358
December 3, 1852 ¹ 09.102
December 3, 1855 ¹ 09,720
December 3, 1858 ¹ 10.178
December 3, 1861 ¹ 11,587
December 3, 1864¹ 11,988
December 3, 1867 ¹ 13,381
December 1, 1871 ¹ 14,484
December 1, 1875 ¹ 16,594
December 1, 1880¹ 19,024
December 1, 1885 ¹ 21,927
December 1, 1890¹ 25,444
year Residents
December 2, 1895 ¹ 28,611
1898: Territory changes
December 1, 1900 ¹ 40,705
December 1, 1905 ¹ 43,841
December 1, 1910¹ 46,819
December 1, 1916 ¹ 39,688
December 5, 1917 ¹ 40,036
October 8, 1919 ¹ 44,285
June 16, 1925 ¹ 47.015
June 16, 1933 ¹ 51,346
May 17, 1939 ¹ 50,661
1942: Territory changes
December 31, 1943 57,876
1945: Destruction of the city, evacuation
April 1, 1945 36,403
December 31, 1945 47,994
October 29, 1946 ¹ 47,074
September 13, 1950 ¹ 52,239
September 25, 1956 ¹ 56,740
June 6, 1961 ¹ 62,392
year Residents
December 31, 1965 63,578
1969: Territory changes
May 27, 1970 ¹ 76,697
December 31, 1975 75,732
December 31, 1980 73,603
December 31, 1985 71,829
May 25, 1987 ¹ 73,635
December 31, 1990 76.503
December 31, 1995 80.014
December 31, 2000 80,361
October 31, 2005 81,457
December 31, 2007 82,290
December 31, 2010 81,736
December 31, 2011 ¹ 79,526
December 31 2013 80.296
December 31, 2015 82.102
December 31, 2016 82,595
December 31, 2017 83,081
December 31, 2018 83,330
December 31, 2019 86,759

¹ census result

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , 37.3% of the population in 2011 were predominantly Protestant, 27.9% Roman Catholic and 34.8% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. The number of Protestants and Catholics has fallen since then. Currently (as of April 30, 2020) of the 86,503 inhabitants, 29.2% are Protestant, 24.0% Roman Catholic and 46.8% are non-denominational, belong to another religious community or have not provided any information.

politics

City council

Distribution of seats in the
Worms City Council 2019
        
A total of 52 seats
Worms town hall

The city ​​council in Worms consists of its chairman and 52 honorary council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 .

Distribution of seats:

choice SPD CDU FDP Green left FWG-BF NPD AfD FLP total
2019 14th 15th 2 8th 1 5 - 6th 1 52 seats
2014 18th 17th 3 6th 2 5 1 - - 52 seats
2009 20th 17th 6th 4th 2 3 - - - 52 seats
2004 19th 21st 3 4th - 5 - - - 52 seats
  • FWG-BF = Free Voting Community - Worms Citizens' Forum
  • FLP = Free List Pfeddersheim

mayor

The directly elected Lord Mayor of the City of Worms has been Adolf Kessel ( CDU ) since July 1, 2019 . On November 18, 2018, he won the runoff election against Michael Kissel ( SPD ), who had been in office since 2003 . In the management of the municipal affairs of the mayor of one is mayor and three aldermen supported.

Seal and coat of arms

Description : "In red a slanted, silver key with a quatrefoil , accompanied by a golden five-pointed star at the top left."

Declaration of coat of arms: The oldest surviving city coat of arms appears as a seal in 1198 as a result of the freedom privileges of Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa from 1184. It contains in a niche the seated Saint Peter , patron of the Worms Cathedral, with the key in the right and the Bible in the left hand. Above him the architecture of the cathedral with a dome between two towers and a city gate on each side. This seal was used with various inscriptions as a city seal and court seal up to the year 1500. During this time, a new city seal was introduced due to the powers that the then king and later emperor Maximilian gave the city in 1488. From then on it showed a silver key on a red background. Since a city council resolution of 1890, the coat of arms has also been provided with a five-pointed star.

The city colors are red and white.

Town twinning

Sign with the twin cities

The city of Worms maintains friendly relationships with seven cities:

  • St Albans COA.svg St Albans , United Kingdom (since 1957)
  • Blason comte fr Nevers.svg Auxerre , Yonne Department , France (since 1968)
  • Coat of arms of Parma, svg Parma , Italy (since 1984)
  • Coat of arms of Tiberias.png Tiberias , Israel (since 1986)
  • Coat of arm Bautzen.svg Bautzen , Free State of Saxony, Germany (since 1990)
  • Seal of Mobile, Alabama.png Mobile , State of Alabama, USA (since 1998, first connections since 1976)
  • China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Ningde , Fujian Province, People's Republic of China (since 2014)

In addition, there are friendly relations with Kivumu as part of the Rhineland-Palatinate connections to Rwanda .

Three districts have independent partnerships with French municipalities:

City friendships

There has been a friendship between Worms and Speyer since 1208 . On the occasion of the 800th anniversary, this friendship contract was renewed in November 2008 at a ceremony in Worms in the presence of numerous city councilors from both cities by the Lord Mayors Michael Kissel (Worms) and Werner Schineller (Speyer).

Memberships

The city of Worms is:

Sights and culture

Religious buildings

Old Jewish cemetery "Heiliger Sand" with a view of the cathedral

Secular structures

Worms water tower
Justice fountain at the town hall
The Luther Monument 1902

Parks

There are the following parks in Worms and on the outskirts :

theatre

Museums

Libraries and Archives

Regular events

Backfischfest 2010

Traditional events

  • Worms Backfischfest , the largest wine and folk festival on the Rhine, with annual parade and evening fireworks.
  • Worms Carnival, several carnival clubs show the audience the foolish sides of politics and society with political lectures and chocolates:
    • Wormser Narrhalla from 1840 e. V.
    • Wormser Liederkranz 1875 e. V.
    • Worms Carneval Club 1974 e. V.
  • Worms Whitsun Market , the oldest consumer fair in the region.

Cultural event

Music festivals

  • Worms: Jazz & Joy, annual three-day jazz festival with five stages around the cathedral.
  • Worms Rock Night, annual rock night with bands from Worms and the surrounding area.
  • Worms Honky Tonk , pub festival in spring.
  • Apostel-Openair, music festival in summer.
  • Wormstock, annual rock festival, mostly in July.

Sports and clubs

Heinrich-Völker-Bad

Recreational facilities

Events

sports clubs

EWR-Arena , stadium of Wormatia Worms

Culture

  • Worms Antiquities Association , founded in 1879, approx. 500 members.
  • Kunstverein Worms, founded in 2001, around 250 members, exhibitions and promotion of contemporary art

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Largest
wine-growing communities
in the growing area 		Rank according to
vineyard area
(within
RLP) 		Planted
vineyards in 2017 		Grape varieties
White wine red wine
Ha %
Logo of RheinhessenRheinhessen 26,617 61 29
Worms 03 01,564 63 37
Westhofen 07th 00.787 75 25th
Alzey 08th 00.778 63 27
Nierstein 09 00.742 77 23
Alsheim 10 00.707 63 27
Bechtheim 11 00.660 73 27
Flörsheim-Dalsheim 12 00.646 68 32
Ingelheim am Rhein 13 00.642 51 49
Bingen am Rhein 15th 00.566 74 26th
Saulheim 16 00.523 76 24
Source: Leaflet Viticulture 2018. State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate, Bad Ems, May 2018

In 2016, Worms generated , within the city limits, a gross domestic product (GDP) of 2.927 billion euros. The GDP per capita in the same year was € 35,545 (Rhineland-Palatinate: € 34,118, Germany € 38,180). The GDP per labor force is € 66,798. In 2016, the city's GDP grew nominally by 0.6%, in the previous year the growth was 2.4%. In 2016, around 43,800 people were employed in the city. The unemployment rate in December 2018 was 6.1% and thus above the average for Rhineland-Palatinate of 4.1%.

In Worms there are 2100 companies with 26,600 employees (as of June 2001). The number of commuters from the surrounding area corresponds to 45% of Worms employees.

In the future atlas 2016 , the independent city of Worms was ranked 189 out of 402 districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany and is one of the places with a "balanced risk-opportunity mix" [sic] for the future.

Business

In the manufacturing industry in Worms there are companies in the chemical industry and plastics production, metal production and mechanical engineering , manufacturers of EDP ​​devices and optics as well as the wood processing industry. The leather industry in Worms , which used to be important , no longer plays a role today.

Services and trade have seen strong growth in recent years. Especially in the logistics industry , primarily in the industrial area of ​​Worms-Nord , numerous companies have relocated due to the good traffic situation.

Agriculture

Traditional viticulture in and around Worms is internationally known thanks to the Wormser Liebfrauenmilch . With 1,564 hectares of vines, Worms is the third largest wine-growing community in Rhineland-Palatinate and the largest wine-growing community in the Rheinhessen wine-growing region . One of the largest malting houses in Europe is also located in Worms .

labour market

Unemployment in the city of Worms was 9.0% at the end of July 2010, higher than in the rest of Rheinhessen and higher than the national average. 45% of the employed inhabitants of Worms commute to the surrounding economic areas, in particular to Ludwigshafen and Mannheim, but also to Mainz and the Frankfurt area.

tourism

A total of 1,132 beds are available for tourism in 35 hotels and inns (as of 2014). There is also a youth hostel (opposite the cathedral), a group hostel in the Nibelungenturm on the Nibelungen Bridge and a mobile home station on the Rhine. In 2014, 68,880 guests were counted who spent an average of two days in Worms.

traffic

Nibelungen Bridge Worms with the Nibelung Tower
Worms main station (street side)

Road traffic

Worms is located on Autobahn 61 on the left bank of the Rhine and on federal road 9 , which has been expanded to four lanes to the south , via which there is also a connection to Autobahn 6 , and on federal road 47, which runs through the city . With the second Nibelungen Bridge completed in 2008 as part of the B 47, Worms has a four-lane connection to southern Hesse and the 5 and 67 motorways on the right bank of the Rhine . The "old" Nibelungen Bridge with its "Nibelung Tower" characterizes the Worms cityscape. The tower was built from 1897 to 1900 according to plans by city architect Karl Hofmann, it was built in the neo-Romanesque style and reaches a height of 53 meters. On the opposite side of the Rhine there was a structurally identical second tower, which was damaged shortly before the end of the war in 1945 and removed when the bridge was rebuilt.

Public transport

Worms is located on the main line Mainz – Worms – Ludwigshafen / Mannheim on the left bank of the Rhine . In addition to the dense regional transport on hold Wormser Hauptbahnhof individual long-distance trains in the direction of Cologne and Stuttgart and Munich . Worms is also an end point of the Rheinhessenbahn to Bingen and the Nibelungenbahn to Bensheim . Worms is connected to Frankfurt am Main via the Rhine Bridge Worms and the Riedbahn . Since June 2018, the Mainz – Worms – Ludwigshafen / Mannheim line has been integrated into the RheinNeckar S-Bahn network.

The urban area is served by nine city bus, seven regional bus and six night bus routes, which are mainly operated by DB Regio Bus Mitte (formerly the Rhein-Neckar bus service ). Call taxis serve the parts of the city with low traffic in late traffic. The Worms tram has been shut down since 1956.

Worms is integrated into the Rhein-Neckar transport association . Transitional regulations also enable the use of tickets for the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund and the Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund .

Bicycle traffic

Worms is connected to regional, national and international cycle paths, including the EuroVelo route Rhine cycle path , the Zellertal cycle path , the Salier cycle path and the Rhine terrace route.

Ship and air traffic

The city of Worms owns the port of Worms with several port basins used for cargo handling or leisure as well as a power port on the left bank of the Rhine that extends to Rheindürkheim. To the south of the city lies the Worms airfield, which is mainly used for sport aviation .

education

University of Worms in the former military hospital
Education center Worms

General education schools

media

As a daily newspaper, the Wormser Zeitung appears as a regional edition of the Mainzer Allgemeine Zeitung . In addition, the free advertising newspapers Nibelungen-Kurier and Wormser Wochenblatt (each twice a week) are distributed to all Worms households. The WO! THE Worms city magazine .

Another institution is the Worms Open Canal ; his best-known broadcast is probably the Worms Monday magazine , which is often identified with the open channel because of its long existence and sustainability.

Other infrastructure

The Klinikum Worms (formerly Stadtkrankenhaus Worms), teaching hospital of the University of Mainz , is one of the five largest clinics in Rhineland-Palatinate with 696 beds, and there is also a day clinic of the German Red Cross .

Worms is the seat of several supraregional authorities:

Important infrastructure projects

  • From 2005 to 2008 the “new” Nibelungen Bridge was built; After the "old" Nibelungen Bridge was completely renovated, a total of four lanes have been available on both bridges since September 2013.
  • The construction of a southern bypass as a bypass on the B 47 began in 2016. The gap in the western bypass between the B 9 and B 47n is still in the planning phase.
  • The B 9 is being gradually expanded to four lanes in the north of the city and at the same time supplemented by parallel relief in the commercial area.
  • The connection to the RheinNeckar S-Bahn was established in 2018.
  • From 2007 to 2011 the culture and conference center Das Wormser was built on the site of the municipal play and festival house. A hotel is to be added.
  • In the course of the conversion of areas used by the military, a hotel and several companies were located on the former barracks area of ​​the Prinz-Carl-Anlage, and a retail park center was established on the former Bundeswehr site on Schönauer Straße. A new residential area has been created on the Liebenauer field formerly used by the American armed forces.

Personalities

Honorary citizen and holder of the ring of honor

Quotes about worms

"My Worms already delights me from afar, how will the delight be when I come to the shimmering evening stars in its moors with exultation."

- Johann Nikolaus Götz

"After that we stayed at Worms for five days ... We were funny."

- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart : in a letter of February 4, 1778 to his father

"How could I ever forget Worms and its dear inhabitants?"

- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe : 1766

literature

Web links

Commons : Worms  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Worms  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, municipalities, association communities ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Residents by type of apartment in the city of Worms ( Memento from February 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 15 kB) December 31, 2012.
  3. ↑ Stadtverwaltung Worms, area 1 - internal administration, department 1.01 municipal constitution, meeting service / statistics and elections.
  4. ↑ Residents by type of residence as of December 31, 2017.
  5. ↑ District register Rhineland-Palatinate (.zip) ( Memento from February 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) the district boundaries sometimes differ significantly from the district boundaries.
  6. ↑ Annual report - 2008 Sample component Temp (PDF file; 90 kB)
  7. ↑ Agricultural Meteorology - Weather Station Worms-Leiselheim
  8. ↑ Bernhard Maier : Small lexicon of names and words of Celtic origin. CH Beck OHG, Munich 2003, 122, ISBN 3-406-49470-6 . At Google Books
  9. ^ Gerhard Rasch: Ancient geographical names north of the Alps. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2005 [first printing of a dissertation from 1950]. ISBN 978-3-11-017832-6 , p. 140: "Feld am Flüßchen * Bormita".
  10. ^ Reuter: Warmaisa. 1000 years, p. 68 f.
  11. ↑ Alexander Shapiro and B. Mordechai Ansbacher: Shum. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica. P. 532 f. , Accessed 24 October 2011 (English, Volume 18, Macmillan Reference USA, Detroit 2007).
  12. ↑ Grünewald, pp. 45-101.
  13. ↑ Grünewald, p. 61.
  14. ^ Ernst Probst: Germany in the Bronze Age. Bertelsmann, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-570-02237-4 , p. 78.
  15. ↑ Grünewald, p. 63 f.
  16. ↑ Friedhelm Jürgensmeier : The Diocese of Worms from Roman times to its dissolution in 1801 . Echter Verlag, Würzburg 1997. ISBN 3-429-01876-5 , p. 261.
  17. ^ Reuter: Warmaisa. 1000 years, p. 121.
  18. ^ The destruction of the city in 1689 . In: Fritz Reuter and Ulrike Schäfer: Miracle stories from Warmaisa. Juspa Schammes, his Ma'asseh nissim and the Jewish Worms in the 17th century . Warmaisa, Worms 2007. ISBN 3-00-017077-4 , p. 64, as well as a lament for the destruction of Worms, written by Zekeli ben Liebermann Segal, grandson of Juspa Schammes and son of Elieser Liebermann; ibid., pp. 64-68.
  19. ^ Fritz Reuter: Worms between imperial city and industrial city 1800–1882. Worms 1993, p. 57 and p. 166, note 139. The Atlas géometrique is in the Worms City Archives under 01.Stadt Worms, 002 Munizipalität XXI. No. 167 stadtarchiv-worms.findbuch.net .
  20. ↑ Gerold Bönnen : From the blossom into the abyss. Worms from the First to the Second World War . In: Gerold Bönnen (Ed.): History of the city of Worms . Konrad Theis, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-8062-1679-0 , p. 605 .
  21. ↑ a b c d e Zvi Avneri: Worms. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica. P. 226 f. , accessed October 24, 2011 (English, Volume 21, Macmillan Reference USA, Detroit 2007).
  22. ^ Fritz Reuter: Der Wormsgau - Supplement 32 . Worms between imperial city and industrial city 1800–1882. Stadtarchiv Worms, 1993, p. 76 f .
  23. ^ Otto Böcher : dagger stitches in a van Dyck. in: Wonnegauer Heimatblätter, November 1968.
  24. ↑ Irene Spille and Otto Böcher : Building history and architectural monuments. In: History of the City of Worms. Ed. I. A. of the city of Worms by Gerold Bönnen . Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1679-7 , p. 777.
  25. ↑ Official municipality directory (= State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 407 ). Bad Ems February 2016, p. 147 (PDF; 2.8 MB; see also p. 183 and p. 185, footnote 76).
  26. ↑ Inhabitants of the city of Worms (only HAW) ( Memento from January 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) As of December 31, 2015.
  27. ↑ Independent cities and districts in Rhineland-Palatinate A comparison in numbers ( Memento from August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) with reference to general education schools, status: school year 2012/2013.
  28. ↑ http://www.statistikportal.de/Statistik-Portal/kita_regional.pdf page 41. Status: March 1, 2015.
  29. ↑ Demography report for the city of Worms - June 2006 ( Memento from May 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 218 kB)
  30. ^ City of Worms Religion , 2011 census
  31. ^ Municipal statistics for the district-free city of Worms , accessed on May 19, 2020
  32. ↑ Inhabitants by religious affiliation As of: December 31 , 2019 , accessed on February 22, 2020
  33. ^ Adolf Kessel new Lord Mayor in Worms , Mannheimer Morgen , November 18, 2018
  34. ↑ Impressions from the new twin city Ningde. ( Memento from February 5, 2015 in the web archive archive.today )
  35. ↑ 800-year city contract Speyer-Worms: Agreements for future cooperation made Speyer-Aktuell, January 28, 2011.
  36. ^ Veysel Karani Mosque
  37. ↑ Al-Arkam Mosque
  38. ^ Mosques in Worms
  39. ↑ cf. the club homepage
  40. ^ Art Association Worms. In: worms.de. Retrieved February 15, 2017 .
  41. ↑ Current results - VGR dL. Retrieved January 7, 2019 .
  42. ^ Federal State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Federal Employment Agency, accessed on January 7, 2019 .
  43. ↑ Future Atlas 2016. Archived from the original on December 4, 2018 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .
  44. ↑ Commercial and industrial development Worms-Nord. Worms city administration, September 2014, accessed on August 21, 2014 .
  45. ↑ Statistics on the business location Worms. Retrieved September 17, 2018 .
  46. ↑ The Nibelung Tower. ( Memento from August 19, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) on the website of the city of Worms
  47. ↑ admin: From Karlsruhe past vineyards to Bingen - EuroVelo. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
  48. ↑ Bike tours & bike tours> City of Worms. Retrieved June 22, 2017 .
  49. ^ Johann Nikolaus Götz : Poems from the years 1745–1765 in their original form . Göschen, Stuttgart 1893, p. 8–11 (first printing in an attempt by a Wormser in poems. 1745).