Oschatz

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Oschatz
Oschatz
Map of Germany, position of the city of Oschatz highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 18 '  N , 13 ° 7'  E

Basic data
State : Saxony
County : North Saxony
Height : 120 m above sea level NHN
Area : 55.44 km 2
Residents: 14,098 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 254 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 04758
Area code : 03435
License plate : TDO, DZ, EB, OZ, TG, TO
Community key : 14 7 30 230
LOCODE : DE OTZ

City administration address : 		Neumarkt 1
04758 Oschatz
Website : www.oschatz.org
Lord Mayor : Andreas Kretschmar (independent)
Location of the city of Oschatz in the Northern Saxony district
Arzberg Bad Düben Beilrode Belgern-Schildau Cavertitz Dahlen Delitzsch Doberschütz Dommitzsch Dreiheide Eilenburg Elsnig Großtreben-Zwethau Jesewitz Krostitz Laußig Liebschützberg Löbnitz Mockrehna Mockrehna Mügeln Naundorf Wiedemar Oschatz Rackwitz Belgern-Schildau Schkeuditz Schönwölkau Mügeln Taucha Torgau Trossin Wermsdorf Wiedemar Torgau Zschepplin Wiedemarmap
About this picture
Oschatz, aerial photo (2017)

Oschatz [ ˈoːʃats ] is a major Saxon district town , calls itself “the city in the heart of Saxony” and is located about 55 km east of Leipzig on the Leipzig – Dresden railway line .

geography

Location and climate

Climate diagram from Oschatz

Oschatz is located in a hilly area in the valley of the Döllnitz , which flows into the Elbe as a left tributary about 15 km further east near Riesa . Oschatz is located in a wooded area with the Wermsdorfer Forest and the Collmberg as well as the Dahlener Heide , which are accessible by bike and hiking trails. Surrounding communities are clockwise: Liebschützberg , Naundorf , Mügeln , Wermsdorf and Dahlen .

The average air temperature in Oschatz is 8.6 ° C, the annual precipitation 570 millimeters.

City structure

In addition to the main town, the city of Oschatz is divided into the following 14 districts :

Rechau, aerial photo (2017)

history

Oschatz around 1830

First mentioned until the 18th century

The area of ​​today's city has been populated since the Neolithic Age. The place name Oscec (= Ozzec = Verhau) arose from the former Sorbian and early German Burgwardanlage in Altoschatz. In 1200 a Johannes de Ozzetz was mentioned, but the assignment to Oschatz is uncertain. The safe first mention of the city comes from the year 1238, here Ozzechz was in a document of the margrave Heinrich III. called by Meissen . The oldest document in the city archives, a letter of indulgence from Bishop Conrad von Meißen, is dated 1246. In 1344 the vigilante group Die Geharnischten was mentioned for the first time by the city association of Oschatz, Torgau and Grimma ; A "vesting" was first mentioned in Oschatz in 1377, a city watchtower was built on the area of ​​today's museum. In 1394 the town was granted market rights .

Town hall Oschatz 1838, i.e. before the fire of 1842

After this period of prosperity, the city was sacked by the Hussites . The city was ravaged and sacked . In 1451 Oschatz had the right to miles , this can be proven from a guild letter from the shoemaker . The first town hall was built on Neumarkt in 1477 . In 1478 the city finally acquired its own jurisdiction from the sovereign. The town hall, which still exists today, was built between 1538 and 1546. During the Reformation , Oschatz, like many surrounding cities, became Protestant . Today there are letters from Luther , Melanchthon and Justus Jonas the Elder in the council archives. Around 1566, the plague killed 900 people among 3,000 in the city. Oschatz was persecuted by witches in 1583 . Leonhard Sihra got involved in a magician trial and was hanged.

Oschatz, former town clerk

The first city ​​fire occurred in 1616 , which destroyed 440 houses and barns. Only 24 houses within the city walls remained intact. In 1626, Oschatz was the seventh largest city in Saxony with 3500 inhabitants. In the years from 1631 to 1648 the city was plundered several times in the course of the Thirty Years War , citizens were quartered or contributed . A second wave of plague claimed another 2,000 victims. By 1650 the population fell to 1700. In a third and last plague between 1680 and 1682, another 658 people died, 231 of them children. In 1683 a post office was set up; This was followed in 1724 by the stone Kursächsische Postmeile pillars , which are no longer available today. During the Seven Years' War , the parties met in battle near Oschatz . In 1769, compulsory schooling for children aged five to fourteen was introduced in Oschatz.

19th century until today

View around 1850

In 1801, the city's first newspaper, the “Oschatzer Narrator”, was published. During the Napoleonic rule 1806-1813 there were troop movements through the city. In April 1813, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe stayed at the “Löwe” inn. In 1818 Oschatz became the garrison town of the Saxon rifle battalion. With the completion of the "Zschöllau / Oschatz" train station in 1838, the city got a connection to the first German long-distance railway, the Leipzig-Dresden Railway , which was still under construction . In 1842 a second city fire destroyed 375 buildings. In 1867 Oschatz became a garrison town for the 1st Uhlan Regiment in the 1st Royal Saxon Division . In 1875 the Oschatz district administration was formed from the court office . Construction of the narrow-gauge railway to Mügeln began in 1885 , and the narrow-gauge railway to Strehla was completed in 1891 . The first city hospital was built in the city park in 1895.

From April to May 1933 there was a concentration camp in the municipal holiday camp in Pappenheim .

On July 1, 1934, the place Zschöllau was incorporated. A year later, the Oschatz air base was built and a military district remonteschool was established. During the Second World War from 1939 to 1945 there was no major war damage.

From February 1941 to April 1945, the headquarters of the German Wehrmacht's prisoner-of-war camp Stalag IV G was located on Oschatzer Lutherstrasse . From here tens of thousands of prisoners of war for forced labor were distributed in the immediate and wider area.

On April 26, 1945 Oschatz was handed over to the Allies without a fight . On May 5th these were replaced by Soviet troops.

Further incorporations followed on July 1, 1950 with Altoschatz and districts and with Striesa . In 1952, Oschatz became the district town of the district Oschatz , which was formed from the district administration and was located in the Leipzig district . In 1976, GDR housing construction began in Oschatz-West using prefabricated panels and lasted until 1987. On January 1, 1973 Lonnewitz (with Rechau and Zöschau, which was incorporated on July 1, 1950) was incorporated into Oschatz. Merkwitz, Schmorkau (with the Mannschatz incorporated on July 1, 1950) and Thalheim (with Kreischa and Saalhausen, which had belonged to Thalheim since January 1, 1936) were added on January 1, 1974. In 1979 the city had a total of 18,804 inhabitants. The 750th anniversary of the first mention in 1238 took place in 1988.

After the fall of the Wall , the first city council was freely elected in 1990. Oschatz now had 19,392 inhabitants. On January 1, 1994, Limbach and Leuben were incorporated as the last districts . With the formation of the Torgau-Oschatz district , the city lost its seat to Torgau and became a major district town in 1997. In 2000 the local 800th anniversary was celebrated. In the years from 2000 to 2005, the new and old market as well as the town hall were reconstructed. In 2006 Oschatz hosted the fourth Saxon State Garden Show . In 2010 the city won silver in the national competition “ Our city is in bloom ”.

History of the place name

“Oschatz, Oschitz, Ossatz, Latin Oschatium, Ositium, a town and office in Marggrafthum and Krayse Meissen, between Meissen and Wurzen, on the Dölnitz or Döltzsch, so when Strehlen comes to the Elbe. The name is Slavic and is supposed to mean east = or morning = light. Sun is also found in some old Monumentis whether it etwan 1,048 as of the Kayser to Henry III under the name Ostzech, together Leißnig and Strehla the Stifft Zeitz been einverleibet, and Pago Dalemenca located sey; how not far from Oschatz lies the old town of Dalen or Dahlen , whose name seems to be a relic of the imagined Pagi. The Landgraff Friedrich with the bites of Thuringia and Marggraff to Meissen has kept this Oschatz in special honor, and accustomed to call to speak his treasure; how he gestifftet a Franciscan monastery allda, a Archidiaconat the pin Meissen , together with 6 Canonicis verleget then, and still Merck Mahle left öffters his pleasure to have had at a castle outside the city of it. Duke George of Saxony has planned a Collegiat = Stifft to lay hither also has beygetragen much to the edification of the churches, council house and other buildings. Otherwise the Hussites are said to have lived badly there. In 1616 the town almost burned down, and although it is recovering somewhat, it was plundered by the imperialists in 1632 and by the Swedish in 1637, and burned down for the last time at the same time. The city is registered, and the council leases the courts there. "

- Zedler's Universal Lexicon , 1722

According to legend, the emperor was looking for a name for the city on the Döllnitz and asked his wife: "How should I call this city?" To which his wife is said to have replied: "Oh dear ...".

politics

City council election 2019
Turnout: 53.3% (2009: 42.3%)
 %
30th
20th
10
0
23.4%
22.6%
19.3%
11.9%
9.2%
6.7%
5.8%
1.2%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 25th
 20th
 15th
 10
   5
   0
  -5
-10
-15
-13.6  % p
+ 22.6  % p.p.
+ 6.7  % p
-7.4  % p
+1.8  % p
+1.7  % p
-7.2  % p
-4.7  % p.p.

City council

Since the local elections on May 26, 2019, the city ​​council has been composed as follows:

Political party CDU AfD FWO LEFT GREEN SPD FDP total
Seats 7th 6th 5 3 2 2 1 26th

Coat of arms, flag and official seal

According to the main statute of January 1, 2002, the large district town of Oschatz has a coat of arms, a flag and an official seal. (1) The coat of arms shows a standing black lion and 3 red stars on a yellow background. It is obviously a variant of the Meissen lion . (2) The flag of the large district town of Oschatz uses the colors black / yellow in longitudinal panels. The coat of arms can also be attached to this flag. (3) Her seal bears the city's name and coat of arms. Printed under these statutes, it certifies its form.

Twin cities

Attractions

St. Aegidien
Fountain from 1589 on Neumarkt
The Oschatz heraldic animal, the lion, on the fountain

The old town of Oschatz still has parts of the medieval wall ring. After two major city fires in 1616 and 1842, today's buildings mostly date from the 19th century. But some things are older.

Buildings on Kirchplatz and Neumarkt

  • The town hall was built from 1538 to 1546 on the property of a private house that the town had acquired since 1477 and used as town hall. After the fire of 1842, the tower was increased by several floors during the reconstruction according to plans by Gottfried Semper , while the stepped gable was decreased by one floor.
  • The two-tower St. Aegidien Church is a neo-Gothic building from the years 1846–1849 on the basis of medieval predecessors.
  • In the south tower of the St. Aegidien Church is the inhabited until 1968 Türmer apartment . Today you can visit the three small rooms in which a tower keeper lived with his family of fourteen.
  • Vogtshaus , originally a Romanesque building from 1180, redesigned several times, from 1544 to 1843 guild house of the drapers .
  • Town clerk . The current shape of the building was largely created between 1611 and 1617.
  • Old city school , today's building from 1629.
  • Rectorate , today's building from 1621.

Buildings in the rest of the old town

  • The monastery church (St. Marien) originally belonged to a Franciscan monastery founded in 1228 . The current Gothic church was built in 1428, after the old church was destroyed during a Hussite advance. Since the Reformation, the building has mostly not been used for church purposes, but since 1924, after renovations, it has again housed a prayer room and other rooms for the Protestant parish.
  • The archdeaconate has served as a hospital for the poor since 1394 and also includes the Elisabeth chapel from 1410 with frescoes.
  • The City and Scales Museum is an ensemble of four buildings:
    • Ratsfronfeste , built in 1573/74, houses a torture chamber,
    • Official front festivals , built between 1553 and 1556 as the apartment of the Fronbote ,
    • Boys' house , houses the scale museum,
    • Watchtower from 1377, accessible as a lookout tower, part of the city wall.
One of the museum's treasures is a manuscript of the Sachsenspiegel from 1382.

Smaller objects in the cityscape

  • Market fountain from 1588/89
  • a basket pillory from 1532 near the town hall tower
  • Replicas of old milestones
    • from 1724 on the corner of Brüderstraße and Leipziger Platz (former Leipziger Tor)
    • from 1860 at the former Altoschatzer Gate (original in the museum garden)

Buildings outside the old town

  • Osterland Castle , "Wüstes Schloss", ruins of a four-winged castle complex from the 13th century, not used since the 14th century.
  • Altoschatz Church , 1330 parish church, today's building from the 16th and 17th centuries.
  • The St. Georg cemetery church , a Gothic hall church with a flat ceiling, built between 1583 and 1587 during a plague epidemic, today the municipal mourning hall.
  • Leuben Castle , baroque country residence.

Traffic structures

State Garden Show 2006

Memorials

  • Cenotaph in the city park for the victims of fascism with an additional commemorative plaque for French resistance fighters , which was installed in 1984
  • Tombs and memorial chapel for 19 female at the cemetery side, predominantly Jewish concentration camp prisoners , the case of a death march from one of the satellite camp of Buchenwald came in April 1945 killed
  • The grave of the resistance fighter Erich Vogel is in the same cemetery
  • Memorial stone at the corner of Leipziger Platz / Friedrich Naumann promenade commemorating the stopover of the KPD chairpersons Ernst Thalmann before this in the penitentiary Bautzen was transferred
  • Memorial plaque on house Strehlaer Straße 5, also dedicated to Thälmann, who was murdered in Buchenwald concentration camp in 1944

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The city is located in the network area of ​​the Central German Transport Association and is connected by the Omnibus transport company Heideland and the Schulze travel company with two PlusBus and other regional bus routes. In rail transport, Oschatz has a connection to the Leipzig – Dresden railway line via the Oschatz station and the narrow-gauge Döllnitzbahn via Mügeln to Kemmlitz / Glossen. In aviation, there is the Oschatz airfield as a special landing site . The next major airport is Leipzig / Halle .

In addition, Oschatz has a motorway connection to the federal motorway 14 via the Mutzschen, Leisnig or Döbeln-Nord exits. The federal highway 6 runs through the city and the federal highway 169 leads a few kilometers past Oschatz and serves as a regional connection to the A14 as well as the cities of Döbeln (towards Chemnitz ) and Riesa (towards Cottbus ).

Established businesses

Larger local companies are the Betonwerk Oschatz, a medium-sized precast manufacturer, the DOROW & Sohn KG in the wholesale of building technology, steel and liquid gas, the Elektrobau Oschatz, a manufacturer of ignition devices for fluorescent lamps, Frankenstolz , a branch of a medium-sized bed and mattress manufacturer and the Oschatzer Fleischwaren GmbH. In addition, there is Oschatzer Waagen GmbH in the area of ​​development, construction, production and service of bulk, bagging and container scales as well as big bag filling and emptying devices, and PD Glasseiden GmbH Oschatz, a manufacturer of continuous glass fibers for the plastic reinforcement, the company Pharma-Ei (Mannschatz), a supplier for the production of vaccine serums, as well as the Tyczka Totalgaz GmbH, u. a. a tank farm for LPG for a radius of approx. 100 kilometers. The specialist and mail order business Musikhaus Korn is located in the district of Lonnewitz.

With 210 beds, the Collm Klinik Oschatz GmbH is a standard care hospital , sponsored by the district and Asklepios Kliniken Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH.

Others

The " Academixer " Jürgen Hart once answered the question of where the purest Saxon is spoken with "Oschatz", "because the influences of Leipzig and Dresden mix here".

Personalities

Leuben Castle (1840)
Oschatz railway station 2011

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

Honorary citizen

Date of award Surname Year of birth Year of death comment
February 26, 1839 Heinrich Karl Eichstädt 1771 1848 Classical philologist, Privy Councilor in Jena
January 8, 1842 Johann Friedrich Anders 1828 1842 Model of the people in 1842
December 23, 1845 Carl Gottfried Grohmann 1784 1853 Court secretary and chamber paymaster from Dresden
January 4, 1875 Ernst Wilhelm Stübel 1806 1889 Mayor of Oschatz from 1853 to 1874
October 2, 1876 Gottlob Wilhelm Moritz Kopp 1815 1880 City councilor, banker, savings bank cashier in Oschatz
April 27, 1882 Dr. med. Franz Gustav Rabbit 1802 1885 general practitioner in Oschatz
July 6, 1888 Friedrich Wilhelm Lehmann 1814 1892 first paid city council from 1869 to 1892 in Oschatz
November 19, 1888 Gottlieb Ehrenfried Nitzsche 1813 1889 second paid city councilor from 1869 to 1889 in Oschatz
December 31, 1891 Robert Carl Gadegast 1828 1907 Economic and city councilor, manor owner
October 1, 1893 Dr. med. Ernst Moritz Siegert 1820 1896 Royal district doctor in Oschatz
November 20, 1893 Dr. med. hc Friedrich Wilhelm Bernhardt 1814 1900 Assistant doctor and city doctor
April 1, 1895 Prince Otto von Bismarck -Schönhausen 1815 1898 Chancellor
July 20, 1895 Ernst Adolf Schmorl 1818 1907 Royal Saxon notary and lawyer, city councilor
March 1, 1909 Carl Gottfried Kutzsche 1845 1925 first paid town councilor 1892–1914 and deputy mayor
June 29, 1914 Ernst Robert Härtwig 1846 1931 Mayor 1879–1914
December 30, 1921 Hans Julias Schmorl 1859 1940 Counselor, Royal Saxon Notary, Lawyer in Oschatz
October 1, 1932 Theodor Georg Schulze 1867 1943 first paid city councilor and mayor from 1923 to 1932
October 27, 1995 Gertrud Käthe Lydia Ludwig 1905 2001 Initiator of a demonstration by Oschatzern on April 25, 1945 to hand over the city to the Allies without a fight
October 3, 2000 Andreas Hans Berthold Zehme 1938 Pastor i. R. (BVK)
January 5, 2010 Dr. theol. Martin Kupke 1940 Superintendent of the district of Oschatz 1986–1999, for his services during the peaceful revolution in autumn 1989
  • Source: "Rund um den Collm" issue no. 11 (217) 1995
  • Church book Oschatz 1784 number 106 Carl Gottfried Grohmann
  • Church book Oschatz 1771 No. 63 August 8th born baptized August 11th Heinrich Carl Abraham a son of M. Johann Abraham Eichstädt, Archidiaconi

literature

Web links

Commons : Oschatz  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Oschatz  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Deutscher Wetterdienst: Average temperature values ​​in the reference period 1961–1990 according to stations (ZIP file, 51 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.dwd.de
  3. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Deutscher Wetterdienst: Mean values ​​of precipitation in the reference period 1961–1990 according to stations (ZIP file, 343 kB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.dwd.de
  4. ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Kursachsen , Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2003, p. 554f.
  5. ↑ Press review , communication from the Oschatzer Geschichts- und Heimatverein e. V. of August 17, 2007
  6. ↑ Stalag IV G. Report of the protective power Switzerland on the situation of British and American prisoners of war in Stalag IV G from 11-16. March 1945
  7. ↑ Oschatz, Oschitz, Ossatz. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 25, Leipzig 1740, column 2086.
  8. ↑ Results of the 2019 municipal council elections
  9. ↑ Town Hall , Oschatz Information ( Memento from September 4, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  10. ^ City Hall , insurance broker Berlin-Brandenburg Neuenfeld & Reichelt OHG
  11. ^ FW Mogk: The Aegidienkirche in Oschatz. Consecration Festival. , Friedrich Oldekop's heirs, Oschatz, 1849
  12. ^ Friedrich Ludwig Müller (Ed.): Curiosities from the monument landscape . Of earthly and heavenly creatures. tape 1 . Monuments publications, Bonn 1998, ISBN 978-3-936942-69-9 , p. 20, 21 (96 pp.).
  13. ↑ Klosterkirche , Oschatz-Information ( Memento from April 12, 2015 in the web archive archive.today )
  14. ↑ http://www.kirche-oschatz.de/
  15. ↑ 20618 City of Oschatz (City Court). In: State Archives Leipzig. Retrieved March 27, 2020 . (Info text under "Introduction")