Strehla

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Strehla
Strehla
Map of Germany, position of the city Strehla highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 21 '  N , 13 ° 14'  E

Basic data
State : Saxony
County : Meissen
Height : 95 m above sea level NHN
Area : 30.28 km 2
Residents: 3721 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 123 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 01616
Area code : 035264
License plate : MEI, GRH, RG, RIE
Community key : 14 6 27 270
LOCODE : DE STX
City structure: 7 districts

City administration address : 		Market 1
01616 Strehla
Website : www.strehla.de
Mayor : Jörg Jeromin ( FWG )
Location of the city of Strehla in the district of Meißen
Coswig (Sachsen) Diera-Zehren Ebersbach (bei Großenhain) Glaubitz Gröditz Großenhain Hirschstein Käbschütztal Klipphausen Lampertswalde Lommatzsch Meißen Moritzburg Gröditz Niederau Nossen Nünchritz Priestewitz Radebeul Radeburg Riesa Röderaue Schönfeld Stauchitz Strehla Thiendorf Weinböhla Wülknitz Zeithain Sachsen Dresden Landkreis Bautzen Landkreis Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Landkreis Mittelsachsen Landkreis Nordsachsen Brandenburgmap
About this picture
Fischer von Lorenzkirch in 1850 with their fish traps , across the Elbe lies the town of Strehla.
(Colored steel engraving)

Strehla is a characteristically medieval town in the district of Meißen in Saxony . It is located on the Elbe north of Riesa . The name comes from the Old Sorbian strěla and means "arrow" or possibly "arm of water".

Local division

Strehla consists of the districts of Forberge, Görzig / Trebnitz, Großrügeln, Lößnig, Paußnitz, Oppitzsch and Unterreußen (as of 2014). Paußnitz and Lößig were added as districts in 1994 after the administrative reform.

history

First evidence and development

Strehla was first mentioned in a document in 1002. It was on the Hohe Straße , the trade route ("Old Salt Road") and at the same time the Way of St. James from Görlitz to Santiago de Compostela (see section Roads ). The river crossing was secured at an early stage by a castle that was only an arrow shot away from the ford.

The lords of Strehla ( Strele ) are counted among the descendants of Widukind . As Knights of Strele they were in the Lausitz known than from the beginning of the 13th century by Margrave Konrad with the dominions Storkow and Beeskow invested were numerous and in the next two hundred years more castles , settlements and towns had. The Lords of Torgau were before 1383 landlords of Strehla (Dahlen u. Nerka). The resident family von Strele died out in 1384.

The Strehla family castle belonged to the von Pflugk family from the Renaissance until 1945 .

As part of the Seven Years' War , the battle near Oschatz between Prussian troops and the Imperial Army took place near the town on August 20, 1760 .

left ship mills on the Elbe near Lorenzkirch and Strehla around 1840

The inhabitants of the place lived mainly from agriculture , fishing and the salt trade, because the salt road ran through the place.

In 1897 the first communal school building in Strehla was put into operation.

End of the war in 1945

Towards the end of the Second World War , the XLVII stood in the area between the Mulde and Elbe in April 1945 . Panzer Corps of the 12th Army of the Wehrmacht . The Commander in Chief of the 12th Army, General Walther Wenck , ordered the entire corps to be withdrawn on April 20, 1945. In order to enable the withdrawal of dispersed German soldiers with their units, the Wehrmacht blew up an emergency bridge over the Elbe, occupied by over 400 refugees, on April 22nd.

From April 24, 1945, US troops began to send reconnaissance patrols into the now "Wehrmacht-free zone". On April 25, 1945 patrols of the 273rd Infantry Regiment of the 69th Division of the US Army reached the Elbe near Strehla and Torgau from the Mulde .

The first meeting of US and Soviet troops on German soil took place on April 25, 1945 at 12.00-13.00 on the Elbe meadows near Lorenzkirch (and not, as is often claimed, at the town of Torgau, 30 km downstream on the Elbe). Albert Kotzebue, Lieutenant of the 273rd Infantry Regiment of the 69th Division, 5th Corps , 1st US Army , crossed the Elbe in a boat near Strehla with three men from his five-man reconnaissance troop (among them the soldier and later peace activist Joseph "Joe" Polowsky ). There they met the Russian lieutenant colonel Alexander Gordejew, commander of the advance division of the Soviet Guards Rifle Regiment 175. The meeting in Lorenzkirch was neither recorded nor published.

Also on April 25, 1945 at 1.30 p.m., the American Kotzebue patrol met Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Gordejew for the second time in Kreinitz near Strehla on the Elbe. This meeting was recorded on the Russian side as the first meeting; the next day staged images were made for the media .

At 3:30 p.m., an American patrol (consisting of William Robertson, Frank Huff, James McDonnell and Paul Staub) met Soviet soldiers in Torgau . 2nd Lieutenant Robertson and his men were welcomed on the destroyed Elbe bridge by Lieutenant Alexander Silwaschko and Soviet soldiers. On April 26, 1945, the first meeting of soldiers from the USA and the USSR was re-enacted for the cameras. Since then, Elbe Day on April 25 has been a day of remembrance of the Second World War .

1945 to 1990

In the 1960s a youth hostel , a zoo , an outdoor swimming pool and many sports facilities were built in the village . Due to its location on the banks of the Elbe, it became a local recreation area . The narrow-gauge railway Oschatz-Strehla, which went into operation in 1891 , was shut down in 1972. At the beginning of the 21st century, the city unveiled a memorial on the former station area to commemorate this. 1972 also was the Catholic St. Hedwig - chapel dedicated it belonged to the parish Riesa and was 2016 again closed .

On July 1, 1950, the previously independent municipality of Görzig was incorporated.

Most of the medieval houses in the city ​​center have been preserved and the GDR government placed the ensemble under monument protection in 1978 .

The general dissatisfaction with the standstill of development also led to unrest in Strehla in 1989. Prayers for peace took place in the church, encouraging peaceful change in social conditions.

Since 1990

In the mid-1990s, renovation and restoration work began in Strehla, among other things, residential buildings around the market were restored in accordance with listed buildings, the city church received a newly cast bell, the retirement home was expanded and the city pool became an adventure pool . The former castle nursery became a public park , which was redesigned again in 2004–2006.

The 2002 Elbe flood did not spare Strehla either and its traces had to be removed. In addition, the city administration had a youth and leisure center and a fire station built. In 2009 the first museum of local history opened its doors.

politics

City council

town hall

The following results were achieved in the municipal council elections from 1994, all figures in percent:

year CDU FWG Left 1 NPD SPD FDP DSU
1994 58.1 07.3 16.9 - 11.3 04.6 01.7
1999 55.0 10.2 24.8 - 10.1 - -
2004 45.6 15.8 22.8 - 08.0 07.8 -
2009 51.3 20.8 16.3 05.6 06.0 - -
2014 35.0 31.4 19.1 08.6 05.8 - -

This resulted in the following allocation of seats in the city council with a total of 16 seats:

year CDU FWG Left 1 NPD SPD FDP
1994 10 1 3 - 2 -
1999 10 1 4th - 1 -
2004 08th 2 4th - 1 1
2009 09 3 2 1 1 -
2014 06th 5 3 1 1 -

1 1994 to 2004 as PDS

mayor

Jörg Jeromin from the Free Voting Association Strehla (FWG) has been the incumbent mayor of the city of Strehla since September 12, 2015.

He has the following predecessors (incomplete list):

Town twinning

The town of Strehla has had a town partnership with the Polish town of Jedlina-Zdrój since the 1970s and a town partnership with the Hessian town of Pohlheim since 1990 .

coat of arms

Blazon : In red, a goalless crenellated, pointed silver tower with a golden knob, accompanied by a six-pointed golden star at the front and a golden arrow at the back.

The arrow (Old Sorbian strěla ) suggests a talking coat of arms. (See also Stralsund's coat of arms .) There was already evidence of the coat of arms on the town hall that burned down in 1751. The town hall, rebuilt in 1756, was again adorned with the coat of arms. It received its final form in 1912 when the coats of arms and seals of the Saxon cities were reviewed and redesigned.

Strehla Castle

Attractions

Buildings

The Nixstein

The rest of the Nixstein is in Strehla on the side of the Elbweg Am Nixstein on a dead arm of the Elbe .

Below the Elbe, between Strehla and Cottewitz, lies a broad granite rock: the Nixstein . It used to jut out of the water to a width of over eight meters (sixteen cubits ) to the middle of the river, endangered shipping, caused ice locks with the resulting flooding and was the reason for an etiological story , which the name Nixstein through the apartments of mermaids in Granite rock explained. Johannes Herrmann suspects that sand and rubble from the Rietzschebach , which flows into the Elbe next to the Nixstein, created a ford between the banks of the Elbe from Strehla and Lorenzkirch a thousand years ago .

Attempts to blow up the Nixstein in the Elbe in 1870, 1904, 1908, 1911 and 1929 were not very successful until 1936, when large underwater explosions finally enabled safe shipping. These explosions created columns of water sixty to eighty meters high. The upper edge of the highest Nixstein reefs is now at level 121 of the Strehla gauge at a height of 87.68 meters above sea ​​level . When the water is low and the water level is lower, the Nixsteine ​​emerge from the Elbe. This happened, for example, in September 1992 at level 116, in 1993 at level 112 and in 1994 at level 111. On the Lorenzkirch side of the Elbe there was a starvation stone at the small ferry whose surface was at a height of 87 at level 132 of the Strehla level. 80 meters above sea level. It was removed in 1932 when the dead Elbar was created. He is shown in 19th century engravings.

On the banks of the Elbe from Strehla, on the side of the Elbe path Am Nixstein, there is a preserved granite block from the Nixstein on a dead arm of the Elbe . In the Laurentius Church in Lorenzkirch is the baptismal angel donated by Theodor Paul and designed by the sculptor Johannes Seiler with a cast bronze baptismal bowl on a granite base. This granite base was broken in 1909 in a diving bell from the Nixstein in the Elbe .

A dike breach on August 16, 2002 during the flood of the century on Lorenzkircher Ufer could have been caused by a vortex caused by the Nixstein. Around thirty meters of the dike was washed away, and a crater was created in the ground with a diameter of thirty-five meters and a depth of twelve meters.

Monuments and memorials

  • In Kreinitz there is a museum with exhibits on the events of April 25, 1945 and the history of their impact. Monuments commemorating the first meeting of Russian and American troops in April 1945 stand at the departure of the ferry from Strehla (inaugurated in 1995), in front of the Lorenzkirch cemetery, on the banks of the Elbe in Kreinitz and in Torgau.
  • A grave and a memorial plaque in the local cemetery commemorate 13 unknown concentration camp prisoners from a death march from the main camp (Stalag) VIII C of Żagań , who were buried here.
  • A cemetery of honor with a VVN memorial stone commemorates five Soviet prisoners of war who were victims of forced labor in World War II .
View over the Elbe to Lorenzkirch with car ferry and passenger ferry

Infrastructure

Streets

Strehla is located on federal highway 182 , which connects Lutherstadt Wittenberg with Riesa. Furthermore, Strehla is on the Via Regia (especially the section Via Regia Lusatiae Superioris ), which connects Görlitz with Leipzig . Crossed from Lorenzkirch by ferry, you can enter the city through the Elbtor and then climb onto the distinctive high terrace on which the city is located. You leave Strehla on the road via Leckwitz to Liebschützberg. This path is known as the “Old Salt Road” and reflects the authentic feel of a medieval trade route, which mostly ran on ridges because of the swampy valleys. Descending from the ridge, you first reach Lampertswalde and then Dahlen .

The next Elbe bridges are in Riesa , approx. 7 km upstream, and in Mühlberg , approx. 12 km downstream.

railroad

Friedrich List originally planned to cross the Elbe near Strehla for the route of the first German long- distance railway , but the city council refused. The cause was probably the financial burden and the attitude of the von Pflugk family. The railway line was laid through the smaller Riesa in 1839, especially since the higher bank of the Elbe offered better protection against flooding. Riesa, initially without town charter, grew by leaps and bounds and Strehla lost its importance: the customs office was relocated to Riesa in 1860 and the royal court office followed in 1883.

Soon the people of Strehla saw the mistake they had made and tried to get a connection to the railway network in the hope of industrial settlements. In 1883 a corresponding petition was presented to the assembly of estates of the Kingdom of Saxony , signed by 18 town and country communities as well as nine manor owners. It was not until 1890 that the Ministry of Finance approved the construction and approved 950,000 marks.

From the Strehlaer Wochenblatt:

“It all seemed transformed, all the houses had flags. Sluggish and otherwise cautious citizens were seen rushing through the streets at a fleeting pace, while gunfire was being fired by the shooting society. Almost nowhere was the right desire to work ... "

In 1891 the narrow-gauge railway to Oschatz was inaugurated with a gauge of 750 mm. The costs were only 708,885 marks, significantly less than approved. Instead of the originally planned 19 km long route, which would have touched eight larger towns and a quarry, only the shortest possible connection of 12 km in length was built, which only touched two insignificant settlements. That is why the number of passengers and the volume of freight remained low. At times there were only two trains a day. The Oschatz-Strehla railway line became the most unprofitable narrow-gauge railway in Saxony. The hope of industrial settlements in Strehla remained largely unfulfilled.

Waterways

Strehla is on the Elbe, but unlike the neighboring town of Riesa, it has no port. The river can be crossed with a ferry to Lorenzkirch.

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Strehla  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Elbe Day  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Strelen in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts
Wikivoyage: Strehla  - travel guide

Footnotes and individual references

  1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Ernst Eichler / Hans Walther: Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz: Namen- und Siedlungskunde , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin (GDR) 1978, p. 306
  3. ↑ Widukind's descendants. Archived from the original on August 16, 2009 ; accessed on May 10, 2014 .
  4. ↑ The history of the city of Storkow (Mark). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 12, 2014 ; accessed on May 10, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.storkow-mark.de
  5. ↑ See: Battle plan  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from 1790 (map of the battles at Strehla between a Prussian corps and a corps of the Imperial Army, August 20, 1760).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / digam.net  
  6. ^ April 1945 in Lorenzkirch - 1st meeting between Russians and Americans. In: Der Heimatbote - excursions into culture and history between the Elbe and Mulde. Booklet 14. Publishing, Advertising and Phila Service Robert Schmidt. Oschatz.
    Uwe Niedersen (ed.): Soldiers on the Elbe. US Army, Wehrmacht, Red Army and civilians at the end of the Second World War. Saxon State Center for Political Education. Dresden / Torgau 2008. Pages 103, 170-173, 183-195.
    Yanks meet Reds - Encounter on the Elbe , Military Publishing House Berlin 1990,     ISBN 3-327-00986-4 . Reports from American and Soviet soldiers who attended the meeting.
    The year 1945 in Lorenzkirch and the surrounding area. German contemporary witnesses report. Compiled by Heinz Schöne.
  7. ^ Day of the Lord (newspaper) , issue 36/2016 of September 4, 2016, p. 13.
  8. ↑ a b c City history
  9. ↑ Homepage of the Strehla Local History Museum
  10. ↑ a b State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony - elections, referendums
  11. ↑ State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony: Municipal council election 2014 - election proposals
  12. ↑ State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony: Results of the 2015 mayoral election in Strehla
  13. ↑ Strehla city administration: Thank you very much ( PDF , 4.0 MB), Strehlaer Tageblatt, page 3, October 1, 2015
  14. ↑ State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony: Results of the 2008 mayoral election in Strehla
  15. ^ Meißen district: Official Journal 15/2008 (PDF, 1.2 MB ), page 6, July 25, 2008
  16. ↑ State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony: Results of the mayoral elections in 1994 (PDF, 175 kB ; page 38) and 2001 ( XLS , 165 kB; line 536) in Strehla
  17. ↑ mediaprint infoverlag GmbH: Strehla - information for citizens and guests (PDF, 4.8 MB), page 30, 2015
  18. ↑ State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony: State election 1990, direct applicants in constituency 20 Riesa I
  19. ↑ Eric Weser and Thomas Schade: This boat brought the Allies together , Sächsische Zeitung, local edition Riesa, page 14, May 7, 2013
  20. ^ City of Strehla: History
  21. ^ A b c Lexicon cities and coats of arms of the GDR, Karlheinz Blaschke, Gerhard Kehrer, Heinz Machatscheck, VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie Leipzig, 1979, 1st edition
  22. ^ Heinrich Gotthelf Ruppel (Ed. G. Luck): From Strehla's past days: A piece of local history. Volume 2. Strehla 1938, pages 264-266.
  23. ^ Johannes Herrmann: Lorenzkirch, Markt des Burgwards Strehla in the Daleminzergau of the Mark Meißen. In: Herbergen der Christenheit: Yearbook for German Church History. Vol. 1993/94 (1994), p. 20. Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt Leipzig 1994. ISSN  0437-3014
  24. ↑ Source: Heinz Schöne: The flood in Lorenzkirch. Elbsand-Verlag, Lorenzkirch 2003. Pages 11, 15-16, 57-58.