Torgau (noble family)

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von Torgau, 1316–1415

In the 13th century, the Lords of Torgau were a Brandenburg ministerial family with supraregional importance. In history they appeared as governors, bailiffs, confidants of kings and princes, witnesses, guarantors, landlords and feudal lords from the 13th to 15th centuries. The von Torgau were also written in Turgov (a), Thorgowe or Turkow documents.

history

Around 1204 , Friedrich Udo was the first to take the name from the town of Torgau on the Elbe. A Friedrich von Torgau is mentioned in 1217. Friedrich is then named among the bishops of Merseburg in 1226. He is followed by Withego (Witigo) von Torgau, who had three sons until 1256. After 1256 he had two more sons (see table). Withego's five sons achieved important social positions, positions in the church and at imperial, royal and princely courts. The support of the hegemonic power of Charles IV is reflected in the actions of his confidants . During the time when Charles IV moved his seat to Tangermünde on the Elbe from 1373 to 1378 in order to gain more influence there, the von Torgau had several strategic locations in the vicinity of their emperor.

father Sons Offspring, remarks Next generation
Bodo (Botho), born before 1256 1307 Dobrilugk monastery , 1349–1368 Beeskow , 1350 arbitrator against the false Waldemar; † 1355 in Zossen 1350 Bodo, Bernhard, Theodor and Friedrich von Torgau mentioned, Friedrich 1355 Zossen, goods near Schilda, Frauenwalde near Eilenburg. 1368 Botho (and Dietrich) relocate a fair
Friedrich I , born before 1256 Active as auxiliary bishop in Naumburg in 1268 , he died on August 11, 1283 as Canon of Merseburg
Witigo Dietrich (Thiedrich), born after 1256 1286 Sale Münchhausen bei Finsterwalde, 1295 Mr. auf Zossen , Beeskow zu Spandau, appears with his son Friedrich in Nuremberg in 1298 as guarantor at the Reichstag, mentioned in 1307 In 1372 Dietrich is Lord of Beeskow
Heinrich, born after 1256 founds the Bohemian noble line Pothos von Turgau , Lord of Gradlitz , Arnau , Hof and Trautenau (1316), Botho von Turgow pledge possession of Arnau Castle 1348, Hensil v. T. sells hostess Hradec 1384, Bodo v. T. Herr on Arnau Landtag in Prague 1394, Heinrich v. T. Herr on Arnau 1423
Witigo, born before 1256 a canon of Merseburg
  • Saxon Lusatian line

Another line continues from the Counts of Torgau and Burgraves Purchart of Magdeburg. Botho von Turgau (Turgow) and Dietrich are said to be sons of the Margrave of Magdeburg. A Botho von Torgau, who died in 1351, was also Vogt von Bautzen and Görlitz, governor of Upper Lusatia. The places Strehla , Dalen, Nerka belonged to Luthold, Lord of Torgau, in 1383.

  • Bohemian line

The Lords of Torgau owned the Bohemian town of Arnau and Kottwitz on the upper Elbe in the following years:

  • 1316–1350 Bodo von Torgau (1348 pledge of Arnau Castle Botho von Turgow )
  • 1350–1377 Burghard von Magdeburg
  • 1383–1388 Hensil von Torgau
  • 1388–1400 Wilhelm Edler von Torgau
  • 1400–1415 Johann von Torgau the Younger (the von Torgau are said to have had city rights until 1458)
  • 1415–1437 Hinke, Jan (Johann) and Alexander Krussina von Lichtenberg (also called Leuchtenberg)

Manors and feudal estates

Their towns and villages were Arnau and Kottwitz on the upper Elbe in Bohemia, Trebbin and Wittstock in the Alt- and Mittelmark, Arnsnesta in the Kurkreis on the Schwarzen Elster, Böhlen near Dahlen, Lichtenau near Doberlug, Reichenbach near Saida , Graditz and Sitzenroda near Torgau .

Family members in registers and documents

  • 1256 Bodo, Friedrich, Dietrich, Heinrich and Witego von Torgau sell an island near Graditz to the monks of the Dobrilugk monastery for 20 marks (November 26, 1256), in 1253 Reinhard von Kottwitz raised a claim to the Graditz estate. (The relationship between the von Torgau and von Kottwitz families continued in the boehm. Arnau and the village of Kottwitz after 1300.)
  • 1284 Dominus Bodo de Turgow, Meissen Abbey (June 1, 1284)
  • 1295 Knight Dietrich von Torgau was at the court of the Brandenburg princes, d. H. zu Spandau (September 10, 1295)
  • 1297 The Lords of Turgau built a permanent castle in Zossen
  • 1298 to 1350 Dietrich and Bodo von Torgau sit continuously on the tower hill Arnsnesta
  • 1302 Theodericus miles de Torgowe dictus de Arnsneste
  • 1305 Andreas von Torgau, Captain von Glatz ( Andris von Turkaw, heptman von Glocz )
  • 1316 King Johann transfers the Königinhof in Bohemia to Potho von Turgau for 300 Mark Groschen with the obligation to serve him with two fortresses in case of need (1316 Jan 10)
  • 1318 Richard von Torgau with the false Waldemar before Kamenz (July 12, 1318)
  • 1318 Botho von Torgau acquires the Oelser Sprengel near Arnau, (The Sprengel Provincia Olesnich was mentioned in 1241)
  • 1349 Bodo and Friedrich von Torgau, Lords of Zossen
  • 1346 to 1350 Bodo von Torgau (? –1373) is governor of Upper Lusatia and governor of Bautzen

The southern part of Upper Lusatia becomes Bohemian in 1346, Lusatia comes to the Bohemian crown of Emperor Karl IV in 1364, Schweidnitz and Jauer then follow around 1370 (see individual note 1)

  • 1348 Potho von Thurgow, Herr zu Arnau and Potho von Turgau, Herr auf Bechin (December 21, 1348) Witness in Sommerberg with Landgrave Friedrich of Thuringia and is the companion of King Charles IV.
  • 1349/1350 Botho von Turgow Mr. zcu dem Arnsneste on the Black Elster
  • 1355 The lords of Turgau are enfeoffed with the city of Zossen by the emperor
  • 1383 Hensil von Turgow and his son Wilhelm sell the citizens of Arnau an amount of interest. (His brother was called Bodo von Torgau)
  • 1394 Bodo von Torgau (Pota von Turgow) appeared in the state parliament in Prague as the owner of Arnau
  • 1400 Hensil von Turgow, sales deed of a castle, presumably hostess Hradec , whose owner they were
  • 1423 Heinrich von Turgau, former lord of Graditz and Arnau, among other barons, lost the battle against the Hussites at Hořice in April and on August 4, 1423 at Koniggrätz. After that, the name of Torgau no longer appears in Arnau. Like so many other noble families, they are said to have moved abroad because of the ongoing religious war.
  • 1469 With Boto von Torgau's son Hanns, the aristocracy of Torgau dies around 1469.

coat of arms

A heart shield with a red and silver crossed bar. The shield is covered by a bucket helmet. The coat of arms is in the coat of arms frieze of the coat of arms hall of the city of Lauf in the spelling "turkow" in the tincture mentioned. A von Torgau coat of arms is also on display in the Museum von Arnau.

literature

  • A brief chronica of the famous city of Torgau or historical news ..., by M. Benjamin Bielern, Leipzig by Christian Gottlob Hilscher 1769, page 16
  • Total history of Upper and Lower Lusatia : According to old chronicles and documents, by Theodor Scheltz, Verlag von Ch.Graeger, Halle 1847, volume 1. Pages 498 to 501 .
  • Diplomatic history of Margrave Waldemar von Brandenburg, Volume 3, by Karl Friedrich von Klöden, Verlag M.Simon in Berlin 1854, page 307
  • Historiae Hovoreae. Pars2. 1694 ( ..... were formerly Counts of Torgau and Burgraves of Magdeburg )
  • 1348.12.21 Dresden State Archives, HStA Dresden, 10001, older documents, n.3155, Charles IV. Conclusion of an alliance: Witnesses were u. a. Botho von Torgau, Herr zu Arnau and Botho von Torgau, Herr zu Arnsnesta
  • 1350.02.6 StA Altenberg, 1350 February 6n. 2, Karl IV., Loan certificate, witness: Botho von Torgau, Herr zu Arnau (three more witnesses on the same day with Karl IV.) Also Karl IV. Supplements - Regesta Imperi RI VIII n
  • 1350.02.17 HStA Weimar, EGA documents n. 962, marriage agreement, Charles IV. Witness: Botho von Torgau, Herr zu Arnau

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Chronicle of Oschatz, Description of the Office, Second Section, Topography of the Office . Third section, Schiftsassen, A. Alte Schriftsassen ,, 22.Strehla.
  2. ^ Regest 14th century: Older documents, n. 3155 and 3156. Witnesses are Botho von Torgau, Lord von Arnau and Botho von Torgau, Lord von Arnsnesta . Ed .: Dresden HstA Dresden, 1001. December 21, 1348.
  3. ^ Rudolf Lehmann: Inventory of documents on the history of Niederlausitz up to 1400 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Graz 1968, pp. Certificates 100 p. 45 and 108 p. 48 .
  4. ^ Friedrich Rudolf Bergau: Inventory of the architectural and art monuments in the province of Brandenburg . tape 2 . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1885. Page 810 Zossen
  5. ↑ Ines Walks: Medieval castles between the middle Elbe and Bober . In: Jürgen Kunow (Hrsg.): Research on archeology in the state of Brandenburg . tape 6 . Brandenburg State Museum for Prehistory and Early History, Wünsdorf 1999, p. 144 . Rulership Arnsnesta on the Black Elster, moated castle
  6. ^ Friedrich Rudolf Bergau: Inventory of the architectural and art monuments in the province of Brandenburg . tape 2 . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1885. Page 810 Zossen
  7. ↑ Dr. Carl Leeder: Contributions to the history of Arnau . Ed .: Communications of the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia by Dr. Ludwig Schlesinger. Eleventh year, 2. u. 3rd issue. Page 41
  8. ↑ Ales Zelenka: The coat of arms frieze from the coat of arms hall to Lauf . Passavia Passau, Passau 1976, p. 15 .
  9. ↑ picture of the coat of arms on planet-franken-online.de; accessed on August 3, 2019.