1204
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Calendar overview 1204
Map with all linked sites: | 1204 | |
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| 1204 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 652/653 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1196/97 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1747/48 (southern Buddhism); 1746/47 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 64./65. (65./66.) Cycle
Year of the Wood Rat甲子 ( at the beginning of the year Water Pig 癸亥) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 566/567 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 582/583 |
| Islamic calendar | 600/601 (turn of the year 28/29 August) |
| Jewish calendar | 4964/65 (August 27-28) |
| Coptic calendar | 920/921 |
| Malayalam calendar | 379/380 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1514/15 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1515/16 (turn of the year October) |
| Spanish era | 1242 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1260/61 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Fourth crusade
- January 25 : Because of their flexible attitude towards the front of Konstantin Opel standing army of crusaders of the Fourth Crusade under the Venetian Doge Enrico Dandolo , the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II. And Alexios IV. By an uprising led by General Alexios Murtzouphlos overthrown and on January 28 killed.
- January 28 : Nikolaos Kanabos is elected Emperor of the Byzantine Empire against his will . On February 3rd, he was deposed by the palace guards and murdered a little later.
- February 5 : Alexios Murtzouphlos becomes Byzantine Emperor under the name Alexios V at a time when the army of the fourth crusade is besieging the city .
- March: The Crusaders sign a treaty dividing the Byzantine Empire .
- April 9th : The attack on the imperial city of Constantinople begins.
- April 13 : Emperor Alexios V escapes, the defenses of the city collapse, the crusaders conquer and sack the city. The relationship of the Orthodox Christians to the Western European, Catholic culture is heavily burdened by this event up to the present day. Shortly before the conquest of the city is Constantine (XI.) Laskaris in the Hagia Sophia elevated to emperor. He escapes with his brother Theodor to Nikaia in Bithynia .
- Alexios V , who to his father-in-law Alexios III. has fled to Thrace, is blinded by him and handed over to the crusaders, who execute him a little later.
- May 9th : In an election for Emperor of the newly founded Latin Empire , Baldwin, Count of Flanders and Hainaut , wins against the actual leader of the crusade, Boniface I of Montferrat . The decisive factor here are the Venetian voices, to whom Baldwin appears to be easier to steer than the independent Boniface.
- May 12th : Count Baldwin of Flanders and Hainaut is crowned as Baldwin I, the first emperor of the new Latin Empire .
- Boniface turns west and conquers Thessaloniki , the second largest city of the Byzantine Empire. There he founds the Kingdom of Thessaloniki . When Baldwin also claims the city for the Latin Empire, Boniface sells his rights in Crete to the Venetian doge Enrico Dandolo. Boniface continues his campaign of conquest on the Greek mainland. He hands over the conquered margravate of Boudonitza in central Greece to his follower Guido Pallavicini .
- Boniface conquered Athens and gave it to Otto de la Roche as the Duchy of Athens .
- August: Emperor Baldwin I conquers Thessaloniki while Boniface is on a campaign in the south. On August 12, he then proclaimed his stepson Manuel Angelos as the opposing emperor, conquered the imperial city of Didymoteichon and began the siege of Adrianople . On mediation by the Republic of Venice under Enrico Dandolo , there is finally a reconciliation between the two rulers. Boniface sells the island of Crete to Venice and receives their support in Thessaloniki. However, the Venetocracy in Crete did not begin until years later. First of all, the island falls entirely to Genoese pirates.
- November 11th : Balduin's brother Heinrich crosses the Hellespont with one hundred and twenty knights and takes Abydos , with which the Latins now gain a foothold in Asia Minor .
- The Byzantine nobleman Alexios I Komnenos founds the Trebizond Empire , a first successor state to the Byzantine Empire , with the military support of his aunt Tamar of Georgia . Theodoros Gabras the Younger established a competing rule in neighboring Amisos .
- Michael Komnenos Dukas goes to Epirus and founds another Byzantine successor state there .
- When it became clear that the Fourth Crusade would not reach Palestine, King Amalrich II of Jerusalem extended his armistice from 1198 with the Ayyubid Sultan Al-Adil I, which expired in 1204, for a further six years.
- The former Byzantine counter-emperor Theodoros Mankaphas returns to his hometown Philadelphia after the fall of Constantinople and declares himself emperor again.
France
- March 6 : French-English war from 1202 to 1214 : The the Angevin Empire associated Fortress crew of the Seine located -Tal Château Gaillard under Roger de Lacy results after seven months the besiegers under the command of the French king Philip II. He can in the Follow to penetrate deeper into Normandy .
- April 1st : After the death of Eleanor of Aquitaine, numerous Aquitaine nobles pay homage not to their son Johann Ohneland , but to the French king.
- Philip II. Conquered without much of a fight Argentan while defended by the mercenary leader Lupescar Falaise capitulated after only one week. Lupescar now changes sides and joins Philip II. Philip then occupied Caen , the old capital of Normandy, without a fight , and as a result numerous barons in the area pay homage to the French king as their new feudal lord.
- At the beginning of May a Breton army advanced to the west of Normandy, conquered Mont-Saint-Michel and Avranches and united with the French army at Caen. While a division of the army was occupying the Cherbourg peninsula, the main French army was advancing to Rouen via Liseux . To prevent a senseless destruction of Rouen, Pierre de Préaux , the English commander of the city , agreed a thirty-day armistice with the French on June 1st . When it finally became clear that no relief army would come from England , he surrendered before the end of the ceasefire on June 24th , with which Normandy was lost to Johann Ohneland .
- August: Philipp triumphantly moves into Poitiers . Only parts of the Poitou with La Rochelle and Gascony now remain in Johann's hands.
- January 1st : Håkon III. , Birkebeiner King of Norway dies, presumably poisoned. Four-year-old Guttorm Sigurdsson was elected to succeed him the following day. Håkon Galen is appointed his regent for the period of minority. However, Guttorm dies in August.
- The Baglers then gather around the pretender to the throne Erling Steinvegg in Denmark . You will immediately receive support from the Danish King Waldemar II , who hopes that the old sovereignty over the Oslofjord will be restored.
- The Birkebeiner meanwhile put Inge Bårdsson on the Norwegian throne.
Holy Roman Empire
- Spring: Otto von Braunschweig refuses his brother Heinrich the city of Braunschweig and Lichtenberg Castle as a fief. This then turns to the Staufer Philipp von Schwaben in the German throne dispute . Other former allies, including the Archbishop of Cologne Adolf von Altena , turned away from Otto, who despite the support of Pope Innocent III. becomes increasingly isolated.
- September 17th : During the siege of Weissensee, Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia submits to Philip of Swabia from Staufer.
- Ludwig der Kelheimer , Duke of Bavaria , builds Trausnitz Castle and founds the city of Landshut .
Hungary / Croatia
- August 26th : King Emmerich of Hungary and Croatia lets his underage son Ladislaus III. crown as his successor and designate his uncle Andreas as his guardian and regent. When Emmerich dies on November 30th, Andreas takes advantage of his position of power and makes life unbearable for Ladislaus and his mother Konstanze von Aragón , who then flee to Vienna together.
Asia
- Suleiman II , Sultan of the Rum Seljuks , defeats his brother Muhyi ad-Din Mas'ud Shah and conquers Ankara . When he dies in the same year, his underage son Kılıç Arslan III follows him . on the throne. His rule is not recognized by his uncle Kai Chosrau I.
- The Mongolian Khan Temüdschin defeats the Naimans and with them his blood brother and long-time counter-Khan Jamukha . With this the last hurdles for absolute power in a united Mongol empire have been overcome.
City rights and first documentary mentions
- Montpellier comes under the suzerainty of the kings of Aragon and receives city rights from them .
- Walddorf is mentioned for the first time in a document
science and technology
- The University of Vicenza comes into being after the departure of a group of two professors and their students from the University of Bologna who did not accept that Pope Innocent III. prohibited the teaching of some legal doctrines concerning the papacy.
- around 1204: The English monk Roger von Wendover begins to write his world chronicle Flores Historiarum .
religion
- The Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople is against the will of Pope Innocent III. founded after the Greek Orthodox Patriarch John X. Kamateros fled to Thrace. The Venetian Thomas Morosini becomes the first Latin patriarch.
- Otto I. von Oldenburg becomes Bishop of Münster .
Born
Date of birth saved
- April 14 : Henry I , King of Castile († 1217 )
- December 30 : Abu Uthman Said ibn Hakam al-Quraschi , Raʾīs of Menorca († 1282 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Berengaria of León , Empress of the Latin Empire († 1237 )
- Håkon Håkonsson , King of Norway († 1263 )
- Heinrich Raspe , Landgrave of Thuringia and German anti-king († 1247 )
- Otto I. Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg († 1252 )
Born around 1204
- Ibn Mālik , Arab scholar († 1276 )
- Karma Pakshi , 2nd Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism († 1283 )
- Friedrich Udo von Torgau , founder of the Brandenburg noble family (first mention of Torgau (Turgau / Turkow) around 1204)
Died
Date of death secured
- January 1st : Håkon III. , King of Norway (* around 1170 )
- January 28 : Isaac II , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (* 1155 )
- January 28 : Alexios IV , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (* 1182 )
- shortly after February 3rd: Nikolaos Kanabos , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
- February 16 : Manegold von Hallwyl , Abbot of St. Blasien
- April 1 : Eleanor of Aquitaine , Queen of France and Queen of England (* around 1122 )
- shortly after April 14: Alexios V , Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (* around 1160 )
- April 23 : Konrad III. von Laichling , Bishop of Regensburg
- May 9th : Agnes , Countess Palatine near Rhine (* around 1176 )
- June 15 : Isfried von Ratzeburg , Bishop of Ratzeburg
- August 12th : Berthold IV. , Count of Andechs and Duke of Meranien
- August 14 : Minamoto no Yoriie , Shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate in Japan (* 1182 )
- August 29 : Marie von Champagne , Countess of Flanders and Empress of the Latin Empire (* around 1174 )
- September 11 or 12 : Godfrey de Lucy , Anglo-Norman clergyman
- before October 13: Matilda de Percy , English noblewoman
- November 28th : Guigues III. , Count of Forez (* 1160 )
- November 30th : Emmerich , King of Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia and Rama (* 1174 )
- December 13 : Maimonides , Jewish religious philosopher, doctor and lawyer from Córdoba (* around 1136 )
- December 22 : Fujiwara no Shunzei , Japanese poet (* 1114 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester , Anglo-Norman nobleman and Lord High Steward of England
- Esbern Snare , Danish nobleman and military leader (* 1127 )
- Gilles II. De Trazegnies , French crusader
- Gyergom Tshälthrim Sengge , founder of the Shugseb Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism (* 1144 )
- Hugo II of Saint-Omer , titular Prince of Galilee
- Jamukha Gurkhan , Mongolian nobleman, blood brother of Genghis Khan
- Muhyi ad-Din Mas'ud Shah , Prince of the Rum Seljuks
- Gevher Nesibe , Rum-Seljuk princess
- Pierre d'Amiens , French crusader
- Suleiman II , Seljuk Sultan of Rum
- Wernher I. , Provost of the Berchtesgaden Monastery, Provost of Salzburg Cathedral
Web links
Commons : 1204 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
