1199
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Calendar overview 1199
Map with all linked sites: | 1199 | |
|---|---|
 dies of a battle wound. |
.jpg) Johann Ohneland becomes King of England . |
| 1199 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 647/648 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1191/92 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1742/43 (southern Buddhism); 1741/42 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 64th (65th) cycle
Year of the Earth- Sheep 己未 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Horse 戊午) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 561/562 (turn of the year April) |
| Iranian calendar | 577/578 |
| Islamic calendar | 595/596 (turn of the year 22/23 October) |
| Jewish calendar | 4959/60 (September 22-23) |
| Coptic calendar | 915/916 |
| Malayalam calendar | 374/375 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 1509/10 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 1510/11 (New Year October) |
| Spanish era | 1237 |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1255/56 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Holy Roman Empire
- After the double election of 1198 , there were differences of opinion between Pope Innocent III. and Philip of Swabia , who rejects papal fiefdom over the Kingdom of Sicily . Innocent then approaches the Guelph party around Otto IV .
- May 28 : After Pope Innocent announced his support for Otto IV, the Staufer-minded imperial princes publish the Speyer prince declaration . The declaration denies the Pope the right to participate in the German election and calls for Innocent III. on not further violating the rights of the empire in Italy. In addition, the princes threaten to come to Rome with all their might in order to enforce Philip's coronation as emperor. At this point in time the Staufer had four archbishops, 23 imperial bishops, four imperial abbots and 18 secular imperial princes behind them.
- Philipp von Schwaben celebrates Christmas with tremendous splendor in Magdeburg and thus in the immediate vicinity of the Guelph center of Braunschweig . Some of the princes present expressed their first public support for the Staufer by participating. Walther von der Vogelweide wrote the saying for Christmas in Magdeburg .
England / France
- In the peace mediated by the church between the French King Philip II and Richard the Lionheart , who was victorious in the battle of Gisors , the former has to recognize all the possessions of the English king in France. Richard can then concentrate on the conflict with the rebellious nobility in Aquitaine under the leadership of Adémar V of Limoges . In March he begins the siege of Châlus Castle .
- March 25 : Richard the Lionheart is badly wounded by an arrow or crossbow bolt allegedly fired by the shooter Pierre Basile .
- April 6th : Richard the Lionheart dies in the arms of his mother Eleanor of Aquitaine from the wound he has suffered. He is succeeded by his brother Johann Ohneland .
- Immediately after learning of Richard's death, Philip II invades Normandy. Under the guidance of Guillaume des Roches , the barons of Anjou , Maine and Tours proclaim Richard's nephew Arthur Duke and convince the city of Angers to open its gates to Arthur and his mother Konstance . In Aquitaine, too, the rebellious nobles defected to Philip.
- April 25th : Johann is installed as Duke of Normandy in Rouen . He then moved to Le Mans, which he plundered in retaliation for supporting Arthur and Philip II.
- May 27th : Johann Ohneland is crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey . Just a month later he appears with his army in Normandy and forces Philip II to give up the siege of Lavardin Castle .
- September: Guillaume des Roches changes sides and allies with Johann. Arthur and Konstance flee to the French court. Peace negotiations between Philip II and John begin at the end of the year.
- Duchess Konstanze of Brittany marries Vice Count Guido von Thouars .
- The marriage between Johann Ohneland and Isabel von Gloucester is declared invalid.
Crusades
- November 28th : At a tournament at the court of Count Theobald III. The itinerant preacher Fulko von Neuilly appears from Champagne . Fired by his sermon, everyone present, including Theobald's cousin Ludwig von Blois , swore to take the cross .
Iberian Peninsula
- al-Andalus : Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb al-Mansūr dies in January during a campaign. With the successor Muhammad an-Nasir appointed by him , a weak and insecure ruler comes to the throne of the Almohads in Seville .
Eastern Europe
- The Ruthenian Prince Roman of the family of Rurik succeeds with Polish help in Halych Principality to take root. He connects it with his principality Volhynien to the principality Halych-Volodymyr with seat in Halitsch .
Japan
- February 9 : Kamakura period / Shogunate : After the death of his father Minamoto no Yoritomo , Minamoto no Yoriie becomes head of the Minamoto clan. He gets into a power struggle with his grandfather Hōjō Tokimasa and the Hōjō dynasty.
religion
Church hierarchy
- Albert von Buxthoeven is made Bishop of Livonia by his step-uncle, Archbishop Hartwig II of Bremen . His predecessor Berthold was killed on a crusade against the Livs last year.
- Pope Innocent III excommunicated Konrad von Querfurt on charges of accumulation of offices after he refused to renounce the diocese of Würzburg , although he is already Bishop of Hildesheim at the same time . Having already given up the diocese of Hildesheim, Konrad also renounces Würzburg and travels to Italy to apologize to the Pope. The Pope then gives him absolution and confirms him as Bishop of Würzburg. Hartberg becomes the new bishop of Hildesheim.
Heretic persecution
- March 25th : The decretals Vergentis in senium of Pope Innocent III. is addressed to the clergy, the consuls and especially to the citizens of Viterbo , a town in the Patrimony of Petri , with the aim of bringing heretics back into the bosom of the Church .
Religious orders
- February 19 : Pope Innocent III. recognizes the Teutonic Order founded in the previous year as an order of knights .
Monasteries
- The Eldena Monastery is founded.
- The Bonlieu Monastery was founded on the initiative of the Counts of Forez as a subsidiary of the Mazan Monastery .
Born
- April 17th : Marie de Ponthieu , Countess of Ponthieu and Montreuil
- July 30th / August 5th : Ferdinand III. , King of Castile and León († 1252 )
- Guttorm Sigurdsson , King of Norway († 1204 )
- Thomas II , Lord of Piedmont, Count of Flanders and Hainaut and Count of Savoy († 1259 )
- around 1199: Rainald Count von Segni, also Rinaldo Conti, under the name Alexander IV Pope († 1261 )
Died
Date of death secured
- January: Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb al-Mansūr , Caliph of the Almohads (* around 1160 )
- February 9th : Minamoto no Yoritomo , first Shogun of Japan (* 1147 )
- February 10 : Albrecht III. , Count von Habsburg, Vogt von Muri and Landgrave in Alsace
- April 6 : Richard the Lionheart , King of England, one of the leaders of the Third Crusade (* 1157 )
- April 6th : Pierre Basile , legendary French crossbowman
- May / June: Raymond IV , Count of Tripoli and Regent of Antioch
- September 4th : Joan of England , Queen of Sicily and Countess of Toulouse (* 1165 )
- November 7th : Michael the Syrian , Patriarch of the Syrian Orthodox Church (* 1126 )
- December 18 : Engelbert von Brabant , Bishop of Olomouc
Exact date of death unknown
- Adémar V , Vice Count of Limoges (* around 1135 )
- Shigpo Düdtsi , Dzogchen master of the Kama tradition of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism (* 1149 )
- Spitignev , Duke of Brno
Web links
Commons : 1199 - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
