Halytsch
Halytsch | ||
Галич | ||
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Basic data | ||
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Oblast : | Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast | |
Rajon : | Halych district | |
Height : | no information | |
Area : | 24.67 km² | |
Residents : | 6,247 (2016) | |
Population density : | 253 inhabitants per km² | |
Postcodes : | 77104 | |
Area code : | +380 3431 | |
Geographic location : | 49 ° 7 ' N , 24 ° 44' E | |
KOATUU : | 2621210100 | |
Administrative structure : | 1 city | |
Mayor : | Orest Trachyk | |
Address: | вул І. Франка 3 77100 м. Галич |
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Statistical information | ||
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Halych (Ukrainian Галич ; Russian Galitsch , Polish Halicz ; German Halych , yiddish העליטש / Heylitsch) is a small town in the West Ukraine with 6200 population (2016).
geography
Halych is the center of the raion of the same name . The city lies on the banks of the Dniester River and is dominated by Halitsch Castle, which is situated on a high plateau .
It has a rail connection and is located about 29 kilometers by rail or 26 kilometers by road in a north-easterly direction from the Ivano-Frankivsk oblast center.
Halytsch lies in the sub- Carpathian region .
The name for the crown land of Galicia was derived from the name Halyčyna during the Austro-Hungarian period .
History of the city
Kievan Rus
Since the 10th century, after archaeological excavations, there was a Slavic settlement on the area of the present city. It was the settlement of craftsmen and merchants near the mighty Halitsch castle complex , which was in the area of today's village of Krylos on the Lukwa .
In 1140 the Halytsch Castle was first mentioned in the Ipatiev Chronicle . Since 1144 it was the seat of the princes of Halytsch .
In 1188 the principality reached as far as the lower Danube and Halitsch was briefly under the control of the Hungarian King Bela III. conquered. However, Prince Vladimir Jaroslawitsch, who had been expelled from Halych, soon regained power with Polish and German help.
Since 1198 there was a principality Halitsch-Volhynien .
In 1215, Kálmán , the son of King Andrew II of Hungary , was crowned King of Galicia and Lodomeria (rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae) in Halych .
In 1240 the city was burned down by the troops of the Golden Horde .
In 1240 Daniel Romanowitsch of Galicia married the daughter of the Grand Duke of Lithuania .
In 1253 he was crowned King of Ruthenia ( Rex Russiae ) by a legate on behalf of Pope Innocent IV and promised to spread the Catholic faith in his kingdom.
In 1268 a Dominican monastery was founded in the city .
Kingdom of Poland
In 1349 Halych was conquered by the Polish King Casimir the Great .
In 1367 Halytsch received Magdeburg city rights .
From 1569–1772 the Halitscher Land ( Ziemia Halicka , shiemia halitzka ) was part of the Ruthenian Voivodeship .
At the beginning of the 17th century the Tatars tried several times to conquer the castle, which they finally succeeded in 1621. After the accompanying destruction and subsequent painstaking reconstruction, only a few quiet years remained - as early as 1658 the castle was finally destroyed by the Tatars.
Austrian Empire
In 1772 the territory of the Ruthenian Voivodeship fell to Austria (later Austria-Hungary ), where it remained as part of the Crown Land of Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria until 1918. Between 1854 and 1867 the place was the seat of a district commission, then until 1918 the seat of a district court for the Stanislau district .
As early as 1864 the city received a rail connection on the railway line from Lemberg to Chernivtsi , in 1897 the state railway line Halicz – Ostrów-Berezowica (ended south of Ternopil) followed.
Western Ukrainian People's Republic
In November 1918, after the collapse of the Danube Monarchy at the end of the First World War, the city was briefly part of the West Ukrainian People's Republic . In the Polish-Ukrainian War , Poland occupied the last parts of the West Ukrainian People's Republic in July 1919. On November 21, 1919, the High Council of the Paris Peace Conference awarded Eastern Galicia to Poland for a period of 25 years (despite protests from Poland).
Second Polish Republic
Between the two world wars from 1919/20, the city belonged to Poland and from 1921 was an independent city in the Stanislau voivodeship .
Ukraine
In 1939 it became part of the Soviet Union and after the end of the Soviet era in 1991 it became part of the Ukraine.
Attractions
Former Church of St. Anna and the Dominican Monastery
The Church of St. Anna and the Dominican Monastery in Halytsch were a historical complex of the Roman Catholic Church from the first half of the 13th century, which no longer exists. The monastery was closed on April 14, 1787.
After the Dominicans were ousted from Kiev in 1233, they took over a mission church of St. John the Baptist in the new capital of the Principality of Halych-Volodymyr . The monastery was founded in 1238 by the Holy Hyacinth of Poland .
In the middle of the 17th century the monastery was destroyed by Cossack and Tatar raids. In 1660 Andrzej Potocki, the Starost (a kind of governor or area chief) of Galicia and the castellan of Cracow , had a new wooden monastery built for the Dominicans, together with the Church of St. Anne.
Marketplace
The equestrian monument of the founder of Halyčyna and Prince Daniel Romanovich of Galicia can still be seen on the market square .
Personalities
- Daniel Romanowitsch of Galicia (1201–1264), Russian prince during Mongol rule
- Koloman (1208–1241), Prince of Halitsch
- Kunigunde von Halitsch (* around 1245, † 1285), Queen of Bohemia and Duchess of Austria
- Bolesław Georg II von Halytsch (1308–1340), as Jurij II Prince of Halitsch-Vladimir
- Józef Boruwłaski (1739–1837), of short stature
- Markell Onufrijewitsch Popel (1825–1903), Ukrainian-Greek-Catholic priest, then Russian-Orthodox bishop
Historical sources
The most important historical texts on the history of Halytsch are
- the Nestor Chronicle (1112)
- the Galician-Volhyn Chronicle (1292).
The oldest complete Gospel in Church Slavonic was found in Halitsch Castle (today the village of Krylos):
- the Gospel of Galicia (1144)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cities in Ukraine on pop-stat.mashke.org
- ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of April 24, 1854, No. 111, page 401
- ↑ Дипломатія ЗУНР на Паризькій мирній конференції 1919 р. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Український історичний журнал (Ukrainian historical magazine) . 5 (482). Retrieved March 22, 2016. ISSN 0130-5247 , p. 134. (Ukrainian)