Ivano-Frankivsk

Ivano-Frankivsk
Івано-Франківськ
	Ivano-Frankivsk
Basic data
Oblast :	Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
Rajon :	District-free city
Height :	249 m
Area :	83.73 km²
Residents :	218,400 (2004)
Population density :	2,608 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes :	76000-76490
Area code :	+380 342
Geographic location :	48 ° 55 '  N , 24 ° 43'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 55 '22 "  N , 24 ° 42' 38"  E
KOATUU :	2610100000
Administrative structure :	1 city , 5 villages
Mayor :	Ruslan Martsinkiv
Address:	вул. Грушевського 21 76004 м. Івано-Франківськ
Website :	Official website of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukrainian)
Statistical information
Ivano-Frankivsk

town hall

Ivano-Frankivsk ( Ukrainian Івано-Франківськ ; Russian Ивано-Франковск Ivano-Frankowsk , polish Stanisławów , German  Stanislav , to 1962 Stanislaw Станислав, Ukrainian Stanyslawiw Станиславів) the regional center is oblast Ivano-Frankivsk in the West Ukraine . The university town is located in the Sub-Carpathian Mountains , which is part of the historical Galicia region.

Historical names

• 1662–1772: Stanisławów
• 1772-1919: Stanislau
• 1919–1921: Stanyslaviw
• 1921–1939: Stanisławów
• 1939-1941: Stanislaw
• 1941-1944: Stanislau
• 1944–1962: Stanislaw
• 1962–1991: Ivano-Frankowsk
• since 1992: Ivano-Frankivsk

also:

• Yiddish Stanislew סטאַניסלעװ
• Hungarian Sztanyiszló

Administrative classification

As the capital of the Oblast, the city is not subordinate to a Rajon, but, like four other cities in the Oblast, is administered directly by the Oblast itself. The urban area also includes the five villages / rural communities Chryplyn ( Хриплин ), Krychiwzi , Mykytynzi , Uhornyky and Vowtschynez ( Вовчинець ). The city's mayor has been Ruslan Martsinkiv since 2015.

Other current districts used to be independent places, Knjahynyn ( Княгинин , Polish Knihinin ) was incorporated as early as 1925, Passitschna ( Пасічна , Polish Pasieczna ) and Opryschiwzi ( Опришівці , Polish Opryszowce ) became part of the city after World War II.

history

Poland-Lithuania

As Stanisławów , the city was founded in 1662 by the Polish noble Potocki family and belonged to the Ruthenian Voivodeship . The city received Magdeburg city rights . The military fortifications at a strategically favorable location on a plateau at the confluence of the Nadwirna and Solotwyn Bystryza rivers shortly before the confluence with the Dniester offered natural protection.

Austrian Empire

In 1772 the city became Austrian and was named Stanislau . Ukrainians (Ruthenians), Jews, Poles, Germans and other nationalities lived there. From 1850 the place was the seat of the district authority Stanislau , from 1867 a district court was added, both of which existed until 1918.

In 1888 there was the following description:

“Stanislau (Stanisławów), a city in Galicia, on the Bistritza, the junction of the Lemberg – Czernowitz Railway and the Stryi – Husiatyn state railway line , is the seat of a Greek-Catholic diocese, a district administration, a district court and a financial district directorate, has a statue of Emperor Franz I. ., a high school, upper secondary school, teacher training institute, large railway workshops, brick manufacturing, steam mill, brewery, tannery, lively trade and (1880) 18,626 inhabitants (including 10,023 Jews). "

In 1896 the German pastor Theodor Zöckler founded an orphanage, a factory and a school as the beginning of the Zöckler institutions.

20th century to 1939

In 1919 the city was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic for a short time . Due to the Peace of Riga in 1921 Stanisławów became Polish and the center of the Stanisławów Voivodeship of the same name . As a result of the Hitler-Stalin Pact in 1939, the area was initially annexed to the Soviet Union . From September 1939, many refugees from the German-occupied areas of western and central Poland settled there in Soviet-occupied eastern Poland . During the Soviet occupation, more than 500 people were shot dead by the Soviet secret service NKVD and buried near Demyaniv Las .

Jewish life

Stanisławów has also been a Jewish center since the 19th century. Around 1900 the Jews made up almost half of the city's population; In 1931, 24,823 Jews lived in the city and made up about a third of the population. All Jewish movements and parties and their institutions were represented, from the Agudat Israel to the Bund and Zionist parties. The rest of the population consisted of Poles and one third Ukrainians.

Hungarian and German occupation

After the German invasion of the Soviet Union , the city was occupied on July 2, 1941 by the Hungarians allied with the Germans . After the invasion of Hungarian troops, there were attacks by Ukrainian residents on the Jews. These riots were stopped by the Hungarians who in turn expelled several thousand Jews from Transcarpathia, forcibly transported them to Stanislau and had all Jews marked with an armband.

When the Germans took control on July 20, 1941, the Jewish population had grown to 40,000. In August 1941, the district of Galicia was attached to the General Government, Stanislau formed the capital of a district headquarters.

The German security police station Stanislau, headed by Hans Krüger , carried out a mass shooting of Polish Jews in Nadwirna on October 6, 1941, and another on October 12 on the outskirts of Stanisławów. Resettlement was announced to the unsuspecting people; however, they were taken to the Jewish cemetery, where mass graves had already been prepared. About 10,000 to 12,000 men, women and children were shot. The murder operation was stopped when it got dark. The so-called Blood Sunday of Stanislau on October 12, 1941 is considered to be the beginning of the “Final Solution” in the Generalgouvernement . After this action, the surviving Jews had to move to a poor part of town that was guarded as a ghetto. There were up to ten people in one room.

On March 31, 1942, German and Ukrainian policemen forcibly rounded up Jewish ghetto inmates and selected around 5,000 of them who could not produce a working document. These were transported to the Belzec extermination camp and murdered there. One thousand Jews were killed in a "reprisal" in July 1942. After a bloody "action" on September 12, 1942, another 5,000 Jews were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. Between January and the end of February 1943 the ghetto was dissolved and most of the Jews were killed. Little more than a hundred of them survived. In 1944, a special command from Aktion 1005 tried to remove the traces of mass graves.

The Stalag 371 prisoner-of-war camp with thousands of inmates existed in Stanislau from 1942 to 1944.

Ukrainian SSR

After the Second World War , the Polish population was forcibly resettled by the Soviet authorities , so that today, alongside a few Russians, mostly Ukrainians live in the city .

On November 9, 1962, the city was renamed Ivano-Frankivsk as part of the 300th anniversary celebration in honor of the writer Ivan Franko .

Ukraine

Ivano-Frankivsk is one of the cities to which the OSCE sent observers on March 21, 2014 in connection with the Crimean crisis . On April 24, 2018, the city was awarded the European Prize awarded for their outstanding efforts to European integration thoughts.

Attractions

Ivano-Frankivsk Synagogue 2007

Central place

Ivano-Frankivsk has a beautiful old town, which was almost completely renovated in the years after the independence of Ukraine. Architecturally, the city center of Ivano-Frankivsk is reminiscent of the old Austria-Hungary in many ways . On the one hand there are the typical Soviet administration buildings and in the outskirts (“ microrajons ”) prefabricated buildings and on the other hand new, private houses that are not subject to uniform development plans.

Due to the economic boom, older buildings in the center of the city have recently been torn down to make way for larger shopping malls .

In the city center there is an artificial lake that was created in the Soviet era on the site of a former Jewish cemetery . In the immediate vicinity of the lake is the Jewish cemetery, within the walls of which a large number of Jews were rounded up and murdered during the German occupation in World War II.

economy

traffic

Railway lines

Ivano-Frankivsk is on the important railway line Lviv - Chernivtsi (Chernivtsi) . In addition, branch routes to Stryj and the Carpathian ( Jablunyza - or Tatar Pass ) to Transcarpathia from.

• Lviv – Ivano-Frankivsk – Chernivtsi
• Ivano-Frankivsk – Nadvirna – Yaremche – Vorokhta – Rakhiv (–Sighetu Marmației)
• Ivano-Frankivsk– Stryj - Drohobych - Sambir (- Przemyśl , Poland )
• Ivano-Frankivsk– Tysmenyzja (closed)

Road traffic

The city is on the national highways N 09 , N 10 and N 18 .

Local transport is handled by buses , trolley buses and marshrutki .

mineral oil and natural gas

In the Subcarpathian Mountains, about 80–100 kilometers west of the city, there have been oil and gas deposits around Drohobych since the 19th century . In the second half of the 20th century, the Soviet Union decided to build a natural gas line ( pipeline ) from the Urengoy gas field in Siberia to Uzhhorod to supply Western Europe and to move it past the city.

Culture

Art and literature scene

There is a lively art and culture scene around the writer Jurij Andruchowytsch (* 1960), who declared Ivano-Frankivsk the legendary Macondo of Gabriel García Márquez . The scene also includes the writer Halyna Petrosanjak (* 1969) and the writer Taras Prochasko .

Universities

In addition to the National Vasyl Stefanyk University of the Subcarpathian Mountains named after Wassyl Stefanyk , the city ​​also houses the “State Technical University for Petroleum and Natural Gas”, the National Medical University and a spiritual seminary of the Greek Catholic Church .

Town twinning

Ivano-Frankivsk lists 22 twin cities :

city	country	since
Arlington County	Virginia, USA	2011
Baia Mare	Romania	1990
Brest	Belarus	2004
Chrzanów	Poland	2001
Jelgava	Latvia	2007
Koszalin	Poland	2010
Lublin	Poland	2009
Nyíregyháza	Hungary	2004
Ochota, municipality of Warsaw	Poland	2006
Opole	Poland	2005
Oradea	Romania	2003
Powiat Nowosolski	Poland	2010
Přerov	Czech Republic	2010
Rybnik	Poland	2001
Rzeszów	Poland	2000
Serpukhov	Russia	2001
Surgut	Russia	2003
Świdnica	Poland	2008
Târgovişte	Romania	2005
Tomaszów Mazowiecki	Poland	2004
Trakai	Lithuania	2006
Zielona Góra	Poland	2001

societies

The soccer club Spartak (" Spartakus ", formerly Prikarpattja ("Subcarpathian")) and the chess club Mistez are known .

Personalities

Well-known contemporary personalities of the city include: a. the writer Svetlana Alexandrowna Alexijewitsch (* 1948) and the writer Jurij Andruchowytsch (* 1960). More city personalities below

→ Main article : List of personalities of Ivano-Frankivsk city

literature

• Elisabeth Freundlich: The murder of a city called Stanislau. Nazi extermination policy in Poland, 1939–1945 Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-215-06077-9 .

Web links

Commons : Ivano-Frankivsk  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Ivano-Frankivsk | All about city (ukr.)
• Information on the city and region
• UkrTelecom webcam
• Subcarpathian University "Wassyl Stefanyk"
• State Technical University of Petroleum and Natural Gas
• Map , Soviet Union 1: 100,000 (as of 1990)
• Homepage with historical maps and photos (Polish)
• Stanislavov
• Stanislaw Voivodeship, Polish Kresy
• Stanislau . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 15, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 227.
• 167 Original documents about the extermination of the Jews in Stanislau
• Stanisławów . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 11 : Sochaczew – Szlubowska Wola . Walewskiego, Warsaw 1890, p. 191 (Polish, edu.pl ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Біографія - Офіційний сайт міста Івано-Франківська. Retrieved November 28, 2017 . 
2. ↑ Rizzi Zannoni, Woiewodztwo Ruskie, Część Krakowskiego, Sędomirskiego Bełzkiego y z y granicami Węgier, Polski, Które gory Karpackie nakształt łańcucha wyciągnione, od góry Wolska aż do Talabry, wyznaczaią .; 1772
3. ^ Reichsgesetzblatt of October 8, 1850, No. 383, page 1741
4. ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon , 1888
5. ↑ WELT, November 24, 2010 ( online )
6. ^ PR Magocsi: Historical Atlas of Central Europe ; UP of Washington, Seattle, 2002; P. 109.
7. ↑ Dieter Pohl: Hans Krueger and the Murder of the Jews in the Stanislawow Region (Galicia) ; Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies: Yad Vashem Studies 26 (1998), pp. 239–265 (English; pdf; 127 kB) / marking only in the German occupation according to Israel Gutman u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust . Munich and Zurich 1995, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , Vol. III, p. 1371.
8. ^ Israel Gutman et al. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust . Munich and Zurich 1995, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , Vol. III, pp. 1370 f.
9. ↑ Klaus-Peter Friedrich (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (collection of sources) Volume 9: Poland: Generalgouvernement August 1941–1945 , Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-486-71530- 9 , p. 20.
   Dieter Pohl: Hans Krüger and the Murder of the Jews in the Stanisławów Region (Galicia) . In: Yad Vashem Studies . Vol XXVI. Yad Vashem, 1998, ISSN  0084-3296 , pp. 239–264 ( English version German in: Gerhard Paul & Klaus-Michael Mallmann (Ed.): Careers of violence. National Socialist perpetrator biographies. WBG, 2004, 2nd rev. 2005 ISBN 3-534-16654-X ; rev . Special edition WBG 2011 & Primus, Darmstadt 2011; ISBN 3-89678-726-8 [PDF]).
10. ↑ Klaus-Peter Friedrich (edit.): The persecution and murder of the European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (source collection) Volume 9: ' Poland: Generalgouvernement August 1941–1945 , Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-486-71530 -9 , p. 20.
11. ^ Israel Gutman et al. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust . Munich and Zurich 1995, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , p. 1371.
12. ^ Stanisławów . In: Guy Miron and Shlomit Shulhani (eds.): The Yad Vashem Encyclopedia of the Ghettos During the Holocaust . tape 2 . Yad Vashem, Jerusalem 2009, ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 .
13. ^ Israel Gutman et al. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust . Munich and Zurich 1995, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , p. 1371.
14. ^ Rainer Blasius : A thousand places, millions of victims. Ghettos as a National Socialist instrument, Auschwitz as a place of remembrance . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of January 27, 2015, p. 6.
15. ^ Israel Gutman et al. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust . Munich and Zurich 1995, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , p. 1372.
16. ^ Crimean crisis: OSCE sends 100 observers to Ukraine , Spiegel Online on March 22, 2014.
17. ↑ OSCE sends observer mission to Ukraine , RIA Novosti on March 22, 2014.
18. ↑ http://website-pace.net/documents/10643/4645690/20180424-EuropePrize-EN.pdf ( Memento from April 30, 2018 on WebCite )
19. ↑ Thomas Sandkühler: "Final Solution" in Galicia. The murder of Jews in Eastern Poland and the rescue initiatives of Berthold Beitz 1941–1944. Bonn 1996, (St .: pp. 150-152).
20. ↑ Holger Gemba: Orpheus came to the Carpathians. The Stanislau phenomenon: How a western Ukrainian provincial nest became a cultural metropolis . Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 16, January 19, 2006.
21. ↑ Офіційний сайт міста Івано-Франківська . Retrieved April 20, 2017.