Chrzanów
| Chrzanów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lesser Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Chrzanowski | ||
| Gmina : | Chrzanów | ||
| Area : | 38.31 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 9 ' N , 19 ° 24' E | ||
| Residents : | 37,291 (Dec. 31, 2016) | ||
| Postal code : | 32-500 to 32-503 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 32 | ||
| License plate : | KCH | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | A4 | ||
| Droga krajowa 79 | |||
| Rail route : | Trzebinia – Oświęcim | ||
| Next international airport : | Krakow-Balice | ||
Chrzanów [ ˈxʃanuf ] (1941–1945 Krenau ) is a Polish city in the powiat Chrzanowski in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship . It is the seat of the Powiat and the town-and-country municipality of the same name with around 47,500 inhabitants.
geography
Geographical location
Chrzanów is located 30 kilometers southeast of Katowice and 40 km west of Krakow . The city lies on the Chechło River , a tributary of the Vistula ( Wisła ) on the border between the Kraków-Częstochowa Highlands and the Silesian Highlands.
City structure
The city is divided into ten districts: Borowiec, Kąty, Kościelec, Młodości, Niepodległości, Północ-Tysiąclecie, Rospontowa, Stara Huta, Stella and Śródmieście. All districts have the status of an Osiedle .
history
Archaeological finds suggest that the area was inhabited as early as the Stone Age. A castle complex is said to have existed at this location as early as the twelfth century, which became the seat of a castellany around the first mention of the place Chranow in 1228 . In 1228 an area in Veniunt [near] Chranow was given to Clement, the Voivode of Opole , from Duke Casimir I of Opole . This shows that Chrzanów was politically part of Silesia at that time, but the circumstances of the beginning and end of this affiliation are documented poorly and the researchers are mostly based on speculation. Some historians even doubt that it belonged to Silesia at that time.
In the 14th century Chrzanów received town charter , in a document from 1500 it is said that this was implemented. In 1581 the city was given the right to hold four masses. In the next two centuries, the city in the district of Proszowice or Kraków of the Kraków Voivodeship fell . Then in the 18th century the town came into the possession of Józef Kanty Ossoliński , he set up a commission for the development of the town in 1763. During the third partition of Poland , the city came to Western Galicia from 1809 to 1815, Chrzanów was part of the Duchy of Warsaw . After the Congress of Vienna , the city became part of the Republic of Krakow . After the end of the Republic of Krakow, the city became part of the Grand Duchy of Krakow in 1846 , which became part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria within the Austrian Empire . The city became the seat of the Chrzanów District , which largely coincided with the Zagłębie Krakowskie (Cracow Mining District ).
After the First World War , Chrzanów belonged to the Cracow Voivodeship (1920-1939) within the now independent Polish state . From 1920 to 1924 the first locomotive factory in Poland, Fablok SA, was built in Chrzanów . On September 4, 1939, Chrzanów was occupied by German troops and became the seat of the district of Krenau in the new " East Upper Silesia "; on January 24, 1945, it was liberated by the Red Army . Shortly after the liberation, the Lublin Committee began to establish communist power structures. From 1975 to 1998 the village belonged to the Katowice Voivodeship . In 1999 the city belonged to the newly formed Lesser Poland Voivodeship . Belonging to the “Silesian” Katowice Voivodeship had little influence on the regional identity of the townspeople, who, like the residents of Olkusz, continue to identify predominantly with the historical Lesser Poland landscape .
politics
coat of arms
Description: The split coat of arms shows the Saxons shield with the diamond wreath, divided twelve times in black and gold, and in the back the gold-crowned, armored and tongued Polish eagle in red . About the sign the rotbemützte golden crown with the orb . A golden hop fruit hang on each historicized sign .
Symbolism: coat of arms with crown. A hanging hop fruit is shown on the left and right of the sign . The shield is split vertically in half. On the left is an eagle on a red background. This should remind of the membership in the Duchy of Warsaw . The right side has black / gold stripes and a diamond wreath. The number of black and gold divisions has increased from 9 to 12 and is intended to remind of the temporary affiliation to Saxony under Albert Kasimir von Sachsen-Teschen . The current form of the coat of arms was introduced in July 1990.
Culture and sights
Museums
- Irena and Mieczysław Mazaraki Museum
- Jewish cemetery (restored)
- Military cemetery 1914/15 (excavated, restoration planned)
Buildings
- St. Nicholas Church
- Former synagogue
- 16th century warehouse (now part of a museum)
- Urbańczyk House
- Loewenfeld mausoleum
local community
The town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) consists of the town and six school authorities, it has an area of 79.33 km². Urban-rural municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska)
Partnerships
There are three community partnerships with:
- Harnes , France, since 1981
- Ivano-Frankivsk , Ukraine, since 2001
- Nyékládháza , Hungary, since 1998.
traffic
The A4 autostrada , national road 79 and the two voivodship roads 781 and 933 run through the municipality .
Chrzanów station is located at the intersection of the largely disused Jaworzno – Bolęcin railway with the Trzebinia – Zebrzydowice railway . The place Balin has a stop on the railway line Dąbrowa Górnicza Ząbkowice - Kraków .
sons and daughters of the town
- Mikołaj z Chrzanowa (around 1485–1562), organist and composer
- Jakob Mandelbaum (1859–1918), MANOLI cigarette manufacturer, Berlin
- Isaac Deutscher (1907–1967), Marxist author and journalist
- Mascha Kaléko (1907–1975), poet
- Marian Konarski (1909–1998), painter
- Aleksander Chłopek (* 1946), politician
- Andrzej Grabowski (* 1952), actor
- Jerzy Styczyński (* 1958), musician
- Leszek Nowak (* 1964), musician
- Zbigniew Wąsiel (* 1966), sculptor
- Mariusz Jakus (* 1967), actor
Web links
- Official website of the city (Polish, English)
- Chrzanovia Patria Parva - Website (Polish, English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tomasz Jurek (editor): CHRZANÓW ( pl ) In: Słownik Historyczno-Geograficzny Ziem Polskich w Średniowieczu. Edycja elektroniczna . PAN . 2010-2016. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
- ↑ Rafał Malik: Średniowieczne lokacje miejskie w granicach kasztelanii chrzanowskiej . Kraków: Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków, 2005, p. 23 (Polish).
- ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF file; 783 kB)
- ↑ Kamil Nowak, Wpływ przebiegu granic województw na tożsamość regionalną oraz postrzeganie regionów Małopolski i Śląska [The impact of the voivodeship boundaries on regional identity and perception of the Małopolska and Śląsk regions] (Polish)
- ^ Miasta partnerskie • Chrzanów. Retrieved July 17, 2016 .