Rybnik
| Rybnik | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | District-free city | ||
| Area : | 148.00 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 6 ′ N , 18 ° 33 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 210 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 138,319 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Postal code : | 44-200 to 44-292 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 32 | ||
| License plate : | SR | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Tarnowskie Góry - Ostrava | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Borough | ||
| Surface: | 148.00 km² | ||
| Residents: | 138,319 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 935 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2473011 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| City President : | Piotr Kuczera | ||
| Address: | ul. Chrobrego 2 44-200 Rybnik |
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| Website : | www.rybnik.pl | ||
Rybnik (formerly Ribnik ) is a city in the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It is the center of the Rybnik coal field (ROW) , an independent city and the seat of the Powiat Rybnicki district .
geography
location
Rybnik is located in the Upper Silesia region near the border with the Czech Republic on the left bank of the Raude at an altitude of 237 m above sea level, about 25 kilometers south-southwest of Gliwice , 160 kilometers south-east of Wroclaw and about 100 kilometers west of Krakow .
City structure
The town of Rybnik is divided into 27 districts (dzielnice) :
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history
The place name of the city means “fish pond” in Polish as well as in Czech, derived from ryba “fish”. This name refers to the great importance that fish farming had for the city's economy in the Middle Ages , which is still reflected today in its coat of arms.
Prehistory and the Middle Ages
The origins of the city can be traced back to the 9th and 10th centuries. At that time there were three Slavic settlements in what is now the city , which eventually merged. The area belonged to the Duchy of Ratibor , which was ruled by the Silesian Piasts . Its Duke Mieszko I founded the first monastery in Rybnik, which was moved to Czarnowanz in 1228 . As part of the medieval German colonization of the east , Rybnik received city rights under Magdeburg law between 1288 and 1300 . Together with the Duchy of Ratibor, it came to the Crown of Bohemia as a fief in 1327 . After the death of the Ratibor duke Lestko I , with whom the Ratibor branch of the Piasts became extinct, it came to the Premyslid Duchy of Opava in 1336 . During the Hussite Wars , the Hussites wreaked havoc before they were defeated in a decisive battle on a hill near Rybnik in 1433. After further divisions and pledges, Rybnik came together with Sohrau in 1437 to the Jägerndorfer Duke Nikolaus V, who u. a. carried the title Duke of Rybnik and died in Rybnik in 1452. He was followed by his younger son Wenzel von Rybnik , who also owned Sohrau and Pleß . As a partisan of the Bohemian King Vladislav II , he was captured by the opposing king Matthias Corvinus in 1474 . Probably after Wenzel's death in 1479, Rybnik with Sohrau and Loslau came to Johann IV von Jägerndorf and after his death in 1483 again to the Duchy of Ratibor, which according to an inheritance agreement after the death of the last Troppau-Ratibor Přemyslid Valentin von Ratibor in 1521 to the Opole duke Johann II fell. Since the Opole branch of the Silesian Piasts expired with this in 1532, Rybnik fell together with Opole as a settled fiefdom to the Crown of Bohemia, which had been in the possession of the Habsburgs since 1526 .
Modern times
In 1575 the now sovereign Rybnik was acquired by Ladislaus II Popel von Lobkowitz as the Rybnik rule . The Rybnik estate, which consisted of the town of Rybnik and 13 villages, remained in his family until 1638. Other owners were the Counts of Oppersdorf and the Counts of Wengersky. After the First Silesian War between King Friedrich II of Prussia and Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria , most of Silesia, including Rybnik, fell to Prussia in 1742 . In 1788 the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II acquired the Rybnik rule.
18th and 19th centuries
The city developed into a regional trading center. Hard coal mining gained economic importance at the end of the 18th century . From 1871 Prussia, including Rybniks, became part of the German Empire . From 1818 Rybnik was the seat of the Prussian district of Rybnik .
In 1893, at 2003 m, the world's deepest borehole was in the Paruschowitz district. Karl Köbrich, who was in charge of the world's deepest well near Schladebach at that time, was also responsible for this well. In 1914 a new depth record was set in Rybnik with a depth of 2240 m .
20th century until today
At the beginning of the 20th century Rybnik had one Protestant and three Catholic churches, a synagogue , an Israelite orphanage, a provincial sanatorium and nursing home, two chief foresters, two iron works ( Silesia and Rybniker Hütte ), a leather and metal goods factory, one Dyeing works, a beer brewery, a flour mill with a bread factory, two sawmills, brickworks and was the seat of a local court .
After the First World War , the Polish state was restored in 1918. A referendum was held in 1921 on the membership of the ethnically mixed region of Upper Silesia . In the town of Rybnik, 4,714 votes (70.8%) were cast in favor of remaining in the German Reich, 1943 votes were in favor of joining Poland. However, since in the entire Rybnik district only 34.7% voted for the German Empire and 65.5% for Poland, Rybnik and most of the district were slammed into Poland. The division of Upper Silesia was accompanied by three Silesian uprisings , the first of which had its center in Rybnik in 1919.
With the attack on Poland at the beginning of World War II , Rybnik came under German rule again. It belonged to the part of Poland that was directly annexed to the empire. Rybnik has belonged to Poland again since 1945. The German population of Upper Silesia, or those categorized as German by the Polish authorities, was "repolonized" or expelled if they had not already fled or voluntarily left the new Polish territory. A large part of the Rybnik Germans came to Bottrop and Dorsten in the Recklinghausen district . Since 1994 Rybnik is therefore twin town of Dorsten.
In the People's Republic of Poland , coal mining was promoted in the southern part of Upper Silesia and a counterpart to the Upper Silesian industrial area of Górnośląski Okręg Przemysłowy "GOP" was created with the establishment of the Rybnicki Okręg Węglowy "ROW" coalfield . Rybnik as the main location of the new industrial area developed rapidly. With the construction of new large housing estates for tens of thousands of residents, above all the Nowiny settlement east of the urban area, as well as the incorporation of the surrounding communities Chwałowice in 1973 and Boguszowice and Niedobczyce in 1975, the population exceeded the limit of 100,000 in the same year and Rybnik became a large city. In the 1970s, a coal-fired power station of supraregional importance was built, which draws its cooling water from a specially constructed reservoir. In 2002 a modern campus was opened in Rybnik , on which the Business Academy and the Silesian University in Katowice as well as the Silesian Technical University in Gliwice each operate branch offices.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1581 | 340 | |
| 1614 | 484 | |
| 1657 | 560 | |
| 1725 | 680 | |
| 1781 | 789 | |
| 1783 | 805 | including 763 Christians and 42 Jews |
| 1796 | 1190 | |
| 1803 | 1306 | |
| 1806 | 1289 | |
| 1810 | 1378 | |
| 1815 | 1344 | |
| 1816 | 1423 | without the castle district (179 inhabitants); according to other data 1,428 inhabitants, of which 39 are Protestants, 1173 Catholics, 216 Jews |
| 1821 | 1831 | |
| 1825 | 1844 | excluding the castle community (135 civilians, 46 Evangelicals, 89 Catholics), 51 Evangelicals, 1,526 Catholics, 267 Jews |
| 1835 | 1964 | |
| 1840 | 2437 | of which 137 Protestants, 1967 Catholics, 333 Jews (no military) |
| 1845 | 2663 | |
| 1855 | 3424 | |
| 1861 | 3403 | thereof 304 Evangelicals, 2713 Catholics, 386 Jews |
| 1867 | 3525 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 3664 | including 200 Protestants and 400 Jews (1900 Poles ); According to other data, 3,664 inhabitants (on December 1), including 343 Protestants, 2948 Catholics, 373 Jews |
| 1890 | 5156 | thereof 691 Evangelicals, 4114 Catholics, 351 Jews (2200 Poles ) |
| 1900 | 7918 | mostly Catholics |
| 1905 | 10,445 | |
| 1910 | 11,656 | of which 8,942 Protestants, 31,031 Catholics |
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 34,099 | |
| 1970 | 43,700 | |
| 1973 | 61,600 | |
| 1975 | 102,951 | |
| 1978 | 114,600 | |
| 1988 | 140,545 | |
| 1997 | 144.943 | |
| 2000 | 143.218 | |
| 2002 | 142,742 | |
| 2011 | 140.944 | |
| 2016 | 139,252 |
The city has 139,595 (as of 2015) inhabitants (0.03% of them foreigners). Rybnik is the 25th city in Poland in terms of size . The fertility rate is 1.273. Rybnik thus takes the top spot among the major Polish cities.
Economy and Infrastructure
- The Rybnik power plant (Elektrownia Rybnik) is the largest thermal power plant in Upper Silesia and one of the largest in Poland with an output of 1776 megawatts .
In 2017, the unemployment rate was 4.3%, 6.0% for women and 2.8% for men. It was thus below the average for the Silesian Voivodeship of 5.2% and below the national average of 6.6%.
Attractions
- St. Antonius Basilica , 1903–1907 as a church in neo-Gothic style, based on a design by the architect Ludwig Schneider. The neo-Gothic altar comes from the workshop of the Wroclaw cabinet maker Carl Buhl. In the altar there is a folk baroque carved figure of St. Antony. With two 95 m high towers, the basilica is the tallest church in Upper Silesia . In 1993 Pope John Paul II raised the church to the rank of basilica ( basilica minor ).
- Church of Our Lady of Sorrows , built 1798–1801 based on a design by the architect Franz Ilgner. In the church there are four bas-reliefs of a late Gothic triptych with scenes from the life of Mary.
- Side wing of the Rybnik Castle , was built between 1776 and 1778 on the site of a castle built in the second half of the 14th century. In 1789 the main building was built according to a design by the architect Franz Ilgner. Today the district court is under construction.
- Late baroque statue of Nepomuk surrounded by angels in the church square (Kościelny) . It originally stood in front of the castle gate and was created as a donation by Count Karl Ferdinand von Wengerski in 1728 by the Ratibor sculptor Johann Melchior Oesterreich.
- Nepomuk figure on the ring, was created in 1736 as a donation by Baron von Strachwitz.
- Old town hall on the Ring, was built in 1822 in the classicism style.
- District office, built in 1887 in neo -renaissance style
- Lutheran Church
Church of Our Lady of Sorrows with the statue of Nepomuk
Nepomuk statue on the ring
Old Town Hall
Old district office
Lutheran Church
politics
City President
At the head of the city administration is a city president who is directly elected by the population. Since 2014 this has been Piotr Kucera.
In the 2018 election, Kucera again ran his own election committee as city president, but was also supported by the KO . The vote brought the following result:
- Piotr Kuczera (Election Committee “Together for Rybnik and Piotr Kuczera”) 23.5% of the votes
- Łukasz Dwornik ( Prawo i Sprawiedliwość ) 17.9% of the vote
- Michał Chmieliński (Election Committee “Local Government Block Rybnik - Adam Fudali”) 6.3% of the vote
- Tadeusz Gruszka (Election Committee “Local Democratic Movement Tadeusz Gruszka”) 5.1% of the vote
- Zbigniew Ciokan ( Kukiz'15 ) 2.2% of the vote
- Remaining 1.8% of the vote
Kuczera was thus re-elected in the first ballot.
City council
The city council consists of 25 members and is directly elected. The 2018 city council election led to the following result:
- Koalicja Obywatelska (KO) 28.0% of the vote, 7 seats
- Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) 27.3% of the vote, 9 seats
- Election committee “Together for Rybnik and Piotr Kuczera” 21.9% of the votes, 6 seats
- Election Committee “Rybnik - Adam Fudali Local Government Bloc” 11.8% of the vote, 3 seats
- Election Committee “Local Democratic Movement Tadeusz Gruszka” 5.2% of the vote, no seat
- Kukiz'15 3.1% of the vote, no seat
- Remaining 2.6% of the vote, no seat
Town twinning
Rybnik lists the following twelve partner cities :
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Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Rudolf von Stengel (1772–1828), Prussian major general
- Otto Landsberg (1869–1957), German politician ( SPD ), MdR , member of the Council of People's Representatives , Reich Ministry of Justice
- Vally Walter (1877–1962), painter
- Hermann Boehm (1884–1972), admiral in World War II
- Hugo Perls (1886–1977), art dealer and art collector
- Herbert Siegmund (1892–1954), pathologist
- Ernst Buchalik (1905–?), Psychiatrist who was involved in National Socialist crimes in the context of “ child euthanasia ”
- Otto Ogiermann (1912–2005), Catholic religious priest and author, born in Paruschowitz
- Wilhelm Kabus (1918–1996), District Mayor of Berlin-Schöneberg
- Dietrich Mücke (1920–2014), physician
- Joanna Konarzewska (1926–1991), painter, graphic artist, interior designer and art teacher
- Lidia Grychtołówna (* 1928), pianist
- Franz Bydlinski (1931–2011), legal scholar
- Alfred Thomalla (1934–2018), production designer and film architect
- Siegfried Weiß (1942–2020), art historian, artist and art educator
- Norbert Mateusz Kuźnik (1946–2006), composer, music theorist, organist and organ builder
- Piotr Paleczny (* 1946), pianist
- Jan Olbrycht (* 1952), politician
- Bolesław Piecha (* 1954), politician
- Anna Janko (* 1957), writer, poet and literary critic
- Wojciech Niedziela (* 1961), jazz musician
- Grzegorz Lerka (* 1969), artist
- Adam Dziurok (* 1972), historian
- Jerzy Dudek (* 1973), football player
- Witold Wawrzyczek (* 1973), football player
- Thomas Zdebel (* 1973), football player
- Thomas Godoj (* 1978), rock singer
- Monika Soćko (* 1978), chess player
- Ewa Sonnet (* 1985), photo model and singer
- Mariusz Prudel (* 1986), beach volleyball player
- Julia Kowalczyk (* 1997), judoka
Other personalities associated with the city
- Hans Lukaschek (1885–1960), mayor from 1916 to 1919, Rybnik district administrator in 1919
- Georg Paul Heyduck (1898–1962), grew up and went to school in Rybnik, freelance painter in Breslau until 1945
- Friedrich Nowottny (* 1929), the former WDR director, attended school in Rybnik
- Adam Makowicz (* 1940), jazz pianist
- Henryk Mikołaj Górecki (1933–2010) was born in Czernica near Rybnik and is an honorary citizen of the city
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 739-747 .
- Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, towns, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, pp. 913-914 .
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 456-459.
- Franz Idzikowski: History of the city and former Rybnik rule in Upper Silesia . Maruschke & Berendt, Breslau 1861. ( Preview on Google Books )
- Karl August Müller: Patriotic images, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in Silesia and the county of Glatz. 2nd edition, Glogau 1844, pp. 165–208. ( Preview on google books )
- Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland, Silesia . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 820–822.
Web links
- Official website of the city (Polish, English)
- Commercial information portal (Polish)
- Rybnicki.com - information portal (Polish)
- Smolna - District information portal (Polish)
- German Friendship Circle Rybnik (organization of the German minority)
- Friends of Rybnik (the twin town Dorsten)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ City website, Prezydent Miasta , accessed March 13, 2015
- ↑ Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm II: Stones and Earths
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 342 (Meyers gives this population for 1905, which, however, is likely to be a misprint).
- ↑ See results of the referendum ( memento of the original from November 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. down. on November 8, 2010
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 743 .
- ^ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, pp. 110-111 .
- ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 360-367, item 591.
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 4, P – S , Halle 18234, p. 143, items 1509 and 1510 .
- ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, pp. 1009-1011 .
- ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, pp. 913-914 .
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 736 .
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 350–351, item 2 .
- ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, pp. 180-181, item 12 .
- ↑ a b c M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j pl: Ludność Rybnika
- ^ Central Statistical Office Local Data Bank
- ↑ Ludność, ruch naturalny i migracje w województwie śląskim w 2015 r. In: Urząd Statystyczny w Katowicach (ed.): Informacje i opracowania statystyczne . Katowice 2016, ISBN 978-83-8964162-5 ( gov.pl ).
- ↑ PDF at www.stat.gov.pl ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on August 3, 2020.
- ↑ Result on the website of the election commission, accessed on August 3, 2020.
- ↑ Miasta Partnerskie - Rybnik - serwis miejski. Retrieved February 27, 2020 .
Independent cities : Bielsko-Biała (Bielitz-Biala) | Bytom ( Bytom ) | Chorzów (King's Hut) | Częstochowa (Czestochowa) | Dąbrowa Górnicza (Dombrowa) | Gliwice (Gliwice) | Jastrzębie-Zdrój (Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb) | Jaworzno | Katowice (Katowice) | Mysłowice (Myslowitz) | Piekary Śląskie (German Piekar) | Ruda Śląska | Rybnik | Siemianowice Śląskie (Siemianowitz) | Sosnowiec | Świętochłowice (Schwientochlowitz) | Tychy (Tichau) | Zabrze (Hindenburg OS) | Żory (Sohrau)
Counties : Będzin (Bendzin) | Bielsko | Bieruń-Lędziny (Berun-Lendzin) | Cieszyn (Teschen) | Częstochowa | Gliwice | Kłobuck (Klobuck) | Lubliniec (Lublinitz) | Mikołów (Nikolai) | Myszków (Myszkow) | Pszczyna (Pless) | Racibórz (Ratibor) | Rybnik | Tarnowskie Góry (Tarnowitz) | Wodzisław Śląski (Loslau) | Zawiercie | Żywiec (Saybusch)