Georg Paul Heyduck

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Georg Paul Heyduck - Self-Portrait, 1945

Georg Paul Heyduck (born April 4, 1898 in Gleiwitz , Province of Silesia , † December 25, 1962 in Kassel ) was a German painter of expressive realism.

Life

Georg Paul Heyduck was born as the first of seven children of the craftsman and painter Eugen Heyduck in Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia . Soon after his birth, the father moved the family residence to the town of Rybnik, about 25 km south . There he grew up, attended school and his talent was discovered. In 1913, at the age of fifteen, he began studying at the State Academy of Arts and Crafts in Breslau . Eduard Kaempffer was one of his teachers there . When he started his studies in 1914, he also completed a summer semester in Adolf Münzer's painting class at the Düsseldorf Art Academy . The conscription as a soldier in 1916, the subsequent deployment to the front and the injuries suffered were the first deep cuts in his development. From 1919 to 1921 he was able to continue and finish his studies in Breslau . The subsequent additional study visit to Munich at the Academy of Fine Arts with Carl von Marr as well as influences from Hermann Groeber and Max Mayrshofer promoted further artistic maturity. Fully aware of down-to-earth views of life and family traditions, he also passed an apprenticeship examination in painting during his artistic training.

As a freelance artist, in 1924 he took an additional job at the private arts and crafts school (including for "embroidery") from Martha Langer-Schlaffke as a drawing teacher. In 1930 he received a teaching license at the Breslau Academy for the training of trainee teachers for art, painting and drawing lessons. When the academy had to stop teaching on April 1, 1932 as part of the emergency ordinances at the time , and all private art schools were closed by the Nazis in 1934, Heyduck only had the option of earning a living as a freelance artist. It was a very difficult time because his personal attitude and art did not match the Nazi ideology .

At the beginning of the war in 1939 he was again a soldier and was deployed in Norway and on the Eastern Front, among other places. After serious illness as a result suffered hardships followed 1943 the retirement . Back in Breslau he tried to continue the artistic work in the studio. When the front approached in 1945 and the city was on the verge of being surrounded, he and his family barely managed to escape to the west. In the battles for Breslau, the studio and all of the works in it also perished. As a refugee he came to Kassel via intermediate stops in Lower Bavaria . In 1946 he was appointed to a teaching position at the School for State Crafts and Art (later Werkkunstschule, today Kassel Art College ).

Heyduck had been happily married to Katharina Mutschke since 1923 and had three sons: Peter (* 1924), Michael (* 1926) and Christof (* 1927). Struck by the death of his wife in 1960, he suddenly died in 1962 in Kassel.

Artistic development

When Heyduck began his studies, the Breslau Academy under the direction of the university professor and artist Hans Poelzig was the most progressive architecture and art school in the German Empire after the Bauhaus and had a decisive influence on the city's art scene. Heyduck drew numerous suggestions and impulses from the diverse impressions of the surroundings at that time. Today he is counted as an artist in the Lost Generation . His special talent already emerged during his studies, as demonstrated by his participation in the exhibition for work and culture in Upper Silesia in Wroclaw in 1919. At the end of his studies he had found his own way in the expressionist art movement of the time, the New Objectivity , and further developed his painting style with realistic rendering of reality. Even if he used and experimented possible artistic freedoms, the forms never completely dissolved in his works. The compositions were always lifelike and colors and lines created additional tension. Artistic role models and contact partners were among others Oskar Moll , Otto Müller , Oskar Schlemmer and Alexander Kanoldt . The takeover of power by the Nazis in 1933 was another turning point. Although he was not banned from painting or exhibiting and as an artist resisted the regime, his style remained a nuisance to the Nazis . Only the sale of the works in private hands ensured a minimal existence. His skills in figurative representation and as a portrait painter helped him through this difficult time. Under the impressions of the political situation in Germany and his repeated experiences as a soldier, there was a limited artistic reorientation. The bright, strong colors that were otherwise used were replaced by duller shades and the figures in his pictures now showed clearly more severe features. After the war in Kassel he painted more optimistically again. He found numerous motifs in nature, took part in exhibitions and looked for new impressions on study trips (1954: trip to Italy; 1961: Elba island ). Light and color came out more clearly now. During this time there was also a phase in which a certain sadness spoke from the pictures. Nevertheless, it remained visible that confidence, courage and strength never left him. The stations of the cross and altarpieces created at the time for church rooms clearly demonstrate this.

Works

Heyduck's extensive artistic work up to 1945 is no longer known today in some parts and is only available in fragments. Much was lost due to the Second World War and the wide distribution of the pictures in private hands, including, unfortunately, numerous oil sketches in small format that show impressions from the period from 1939 to 1942 and whose later sale was intended to secure the wife's pension. A partial insight into the work of that time is only possible today because a Wroclaw friend and enthusiastic photographer, Alfred Gase, photographed the works in the studio in 1944. After the war he gave the saved slide color film with 30 exposures back to Heyduck. In addition to depicting industrial plants (example 1919: Rybnik coking plant ), still lifes, natural landscapes and urban impressions, his overall artistic work is particularly characterized by the realistic rendering of human figures in lifelike situations. As a portrait painter, he set standards with his representations (examples: 1926: portrait of the poet Max Herrmann-Neisse , further some self-portraits). But also large-format murals, frescoes , sgraffiti and glass windows , especially intended for public spaces in Silesia, were created by him at the beginning of the 1930s (examples: Friedrich-Ebert-Oberschule Opole : industry ; ceiling picture in the building of the Wroclaw airport; glass windows in Ottmachau ; Sgraffiti on a memorial in Liegnitz ). Heyduck's pictures could be found in the museums of Gleiwitz, Beuthen , Breslau, Liegnitz and the National Gallery in Berlin . After the Second World War he received orders for the interior design of churches (1951: Stations of the Cross for the Rosary Church in Kassel St. Maria - today in a church in Riva Ligure / Italy ; 1952 to 1954: Stations of the Cross and altarpieces for the Immenhausen Church ). During this time, he also did wall designs for public buildings in Hagen / Westphalia .

Exhibitions (selection)

Before 1943 :

Heyduck took part in the exhibitions of the Silesian Artists' Union, which took place regularly until 1943, sometimes several times a year . He also took part in exhibitions organized by the Federation of Fine Arts in Upper Silesia in Gleiwitz and Königsberg (1924). This federation was the artists' association in the province of Upper Silesia . In addition, his works were shown at exhibitions in Berlin, Vienna, Baden-Baden and Hanover. Heyduck's pictures also attracted attention and public attention at the Breslau exhibitions of the Silesian jury-free working group . When the well-known art historian Franz Landsberger organized the exhibition Young Silesia in Breslau in 1929 , Heyduck also took part and attracted a lot of attention.

After 1945 :

  • 1950: Group exhibition at the Kasseler Kunstverein with works by GP Heyduck, M. Kneisl, H. Weidemann-Wilton
  • 1963: Memorial exhibition of Georg Paul Heyduck from the Kasseler Kunstverein and the Werkkunstschule Kassel; Solo exhibition in the Buch + Kunst gallery , Lometsch in Kassel
  • 1978: Exhibition on the occasion of Georg Paul Heyduck's 80th birthday in the Ostdeutsche Galerie Regensburg by the Esslingen Artists' Guild
  • 1990: 200 years of art schools in Breslau in the State Museum Wiesbaden
  • 1998: Exhibition for the 100th birthday of Georg Paul Heyduck as part of the 48th Wangen Talks
  • 1999: Georg Paul Heyduck . Muzeum Sztuki Medalierskiej, Wrocław, (German: Medals Museum, Wrocław ).
  • 1999: Georg Paul Heyduck . Muzeum Miejskie, Zabrze , (German: Stadtmuseum Zabrze ).
  • 2000: Georg Paul Heyduck . Muzeum w Rybniku, (German: Museum in Rybnik ).
  • 2000: Georg Paul Heyduck . Upper Silesian State Museum , Ratingen-Hösel
  • 2008: Exhibition Galerie Merkelbach: A family of painters in the 20th century - The Heyducks , father and sons. Dusseldorf .
  • 2011: Identical sounds: Two Silesian painters in the 20th century - Georg Paul Heyduck 1898 to 1962, Christof Heyduck . Marktheidenfeld , 33 images.
  • 2011: Exhibition: Zaginione Atelier: Wystawa zdjęć zaginionych obrazów Georga Paula Heyducka . Muzeum Miejskie Wrocławia, Palac Królewski; German: The lost studio, exhibition on the lost pictures by Georg Paul Heyduck. Wrocław City Museum, Royal Palace.
  • 2012: Georg Paul Heyduck - The studio in Breslau 1944 . Exhibition of photographic reproductions of the lost pictures, supplemented by originals from work after 1945, Brothers Grimm House .

literature

  • Bernhard Stephan : The painter Georg Heyduck . In: Der Oberschlesier 14, 1932, pp. 599–600, as well as 4 panels: Works by Georg Paul Heyduck, based on photographs from Dammerau / Breslau, inserted between p. 602 and p. 603.
  • Heyduck, Georg . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 2 : E-J . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1955, p. 439 .
  • Friedrich Herbordt: Art demands decisiveness . Hessische Nachrichten (city edition), 1950: 54, March 4, 1950.
  • Paul Heyduck from Upper Silesia . Kasseler Zeitung, March 19, 1953.
  • Georg Paul Heyduck 1898-1962 . Catalog for the 80th birthday exhibition, Ostdeutsche Galerie Regensburg from April 5 to May 31, 1978.
  • Kassel Art Association: Georg Paul Heyduck . Catalog for the memorial exhibition in the Kasseler Kunstverein eV, pp. 1–16, 1963, Kassel.
  • Christof Heyduck, Michael Berg, Barbara Ilkosz, Werner Doede: Georg Paul Heyduck (1898–1962) , painting / Malarstwo. Bilingual: German / Polish, pp. 1–45, 100 pages with illustrations, self-published by Christof Heyduck, Bodnegg, 1999, ISBN 83-910852-5-2 .
  • Christof Heyduck, Martin Harth, (Eds.): Georg Paul Heyduck - Das Atelier in Breslau 1944 . Bilingual: German / Polish, pp. 1–44, self-published by Christof Heyduck, Bad Orb , Marktheidenfeld , 2011.

Web links

Individual references / footnotes

  1. ↑ See: Ketterer Kunst, Lexikon, Expressive Realismus , accessed on February 3, 2015.
  2. ^ Bernhard Stephan: The painter Georg Heyduck . Der Oberschlesier 1932: 14 (11), p. 600, 3rd paragraph, accessed on February 3, 2015.
  3. ↑ Christof Heyduck, Michael Berg, Barbara Ilkosz, Werner Doede: Biography . Georg Paul Heyduck (1898-1962) , painting / Malarstwo, p. 41, self-published by Christof Heyduck, Bodnegg, 1999, ISBN 83-910852-5-2 .
  4. ^ The Upper Silesian Paul Heyduck . Kasseler Zeitung, March 19, 1953.
  5. ↑ textile designer, university professor; Wife of Joseph Langer .
  6. ↑ Werner Doede : About the colleague . Contained in: Georg Paul Heyduck. P. 35, 2nd paragraph, ISBN 83-910852-5-2 .
  7. ^ Barbara Ilkosz: The painting of Georg Paul Heyduck . Georg Paul Heyduck, p. 11, 2nd paragraph, ISBN 83-910852-5-2 .
  8. ↑ Room 32–36: Upper Silesian Artists . Guide to the Labor and Culture Exhibition; Breslau 1919, p. 41.
  9. ↑ Galerie Capriola: Georg Paul Heyduck , accessed on February 3, 2015.
  10. ↑ Marktheidenfeldt; Mainpost / Regional: Georg Paul Heyduck in a self-portrait . 2nd paragraph, accessed February 5, 2015.
  11. ^ Bernhard Stephan: The painter Peter Heyduck . Der Oberschlesier 1932, 14/11, p. 900, 2nd paragraph.
  12. ↑ Christof Heyduck: Life and Work of Georg Paul Heyduck . Georg Paul Heyduck - Das Atelier in Breslau 1944, pp. 14-18, last paragraph, pp. 14 and 15.
  13. ↑ Barbara Ilkosz: The painting of Georg Paul Heyduck , Georg Paul Heyduck. P. 28, from 2nd paragraph, ISBN 83-910852-5-2 .
  14. ↑ Christof Heyduck: Life and Work of Georg Paul Heyduck . Georg Paul Heyduck - The studio in Breslau 1944 . P. 15, 2nd paragraph, self-published by Christof Heyduck, Bad Orb, Marktheidenfeld , 2011.
  15. ↑ Christof Heyduck: A great treasure , Christof Heyduck, Martin Harth, (Eds.): Georg Paul Heyduck - Das Atelier in Breslau 1944 , pp. 1-44, p. 6, self-published by Christof Heyduck, Bad Orb, Marktheidenfeld, 2011.
  16. ^ Georg Paul Heyduck, a painter from Silesia . Kasseler Post, September 5, 1951.
  17. ↑ See also: Bruno Schmialek: Bund für bildende Kunst and its tasks in Upper Silesia . Der Oberschlesier, 1932, 11/14, pp. 595-598.
  18. ↑ Barbara Ilkosz, Peter Mraas, Jan Sakwerda: Georg Paul Heyduck, p. 43, above, 1999, ISBN 83-910852-5-2 .
  19. ↑ Schlesische monthly books 1932. 9: 1, p. 7 . Verlag Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau.
  20. ↑ Silesia Nova 2011, 8: 1, p. 73. Quarterly journal for culture and history, Dresden; Wroclaw.
  21. ↑ a b c Michael Berg, Werner Doede, Christof Heyduck, Barbara Ilkosz: Georg Heyduck (1898–1962). Malarstwo. Catalog of exhibitions in Wrocław, Zabrze and Ratingen. Muzeum Sztuki Medalierskiej we Wrocławiu, 1999, ISBN 83-910852-5-2 .
  22. ↑ Georg Paul Heyduck - malarstwo. March 8, 2000 to April 14, 2000. Archive of the Rybnik Museum, accessed on February 20, 2015.
  23. ^ Bernhard Stephan was an art historian from Breslau, * 1890, † 1979. See: Piotr Lukaszewicz: In Memoriam Bernhard Stephan. In: Annals of the Silesian Arts Volume 15, pp. 11–12.
personal data
SURNAME Heyduck, Georg Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German expressive realism painter
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Gliwice , Province of Silesia
DATE OF DEATH December 25, 1962
Place of death kassel