Bad Orb

Basic data
State :	Hesse
Administrative region :	Darmstadt
County :	Main-Kinzig district
Height :	189 m above sea level NHN
Area :	47.78 km 2
Residents:	10,172 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	213 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	63619
Area code :	06052
License plate :	MKK, GN, HU , SLÜ
Community key :	06 4 35 001
LOCODE :	DE BG3
; City administration address :	Frankfurter Str. 2 ; 63619 Bad Orb
Website :	www.bad-orb.de
Mayor :	Roland Weiß (independent)
Location of the city of Bad Orb in the Main-Kinzig district

City area of Bad Orb

View from the watch tower to the city and Wintersberg

Bad Orb is a spa town in the Main-Kinzig district in Hesse . It is located between wooded mountains in the Spessart Nature Park , one of the largest contiguous forest areas in Germany . The " Eselsweg " running from Schlüchtern through the Spessart to Großheubach near Miltenberg leads past Bad Orb. In earlier times the Orber salt was transported on this old trade and salt route for shipping to the Main .

The Wegscheide school camp in Frankfurt is also located near Bad Orb . It was founded in 1920 as a children's recreation center on the area of the former military camp that belonged to the Villbach - Lettgenbrunn military training area . Almost every primary school student in Frankfurt visited the home at least once during their school days.

geography

Geographical location

Bad Orb is located in the valleys of the Orb and its tributaries Haselbach and Leimbach at an altitude of 189 m above sea level. NHN surrounded by mostly wooded mountains and mountain ranges of the Spessart . In the west lies the Molkenberg (293 m). In the north there is a ridge that rises from Aufenauer Berg (234 m) to the striking Großer Kuppe (411 m) and the Markberg (516 m). In the south-east rises the Wintersberg (434 m), which is populated in the lower area . In the south are the Pfarrküppel (461 m) and the highest elevations in the district, the Horstberg (540 m), the Bieberhöhe (533 m) and the Hohe Berg (521 m). To the northwest the landscape opens up to the Kinzig valley . The L3199 state road leading out there meets at its end, the "Iron Hand" , the A 66 motorway running through the Kinzig valley and the B 276 federal road .

Expansion of the urban area

The city consists only of the Orb district (Gmk.-Nr. 60981). The topographically highest point of the city is 540 m above sea level. NN on the summit of Mount Horst in the southernmost, wooded and unpopulated part of the community.

Neighboring communities

Bad Orb borders in the north on the cities of Wächtersbach and Bad Soden-Salmünster , in the east on the non- parish Spessart district , in the south on the community Jossgrund and in the west on the community Biebergemünd .

history

Solplatz: Graduation stone from the times of box grading within the city walls

prehistory

As early as 650 BC The area was inhabited by Celts ( Alteburg wall ). However , it is not certain whether the salty springs were already known to the Celts . Little is known about the period of late antiquity and the early Middle Ages .

middle Ages

The oldest mention of the name Orbaha be found in a document from 1059 in which King Henry IV. The monastery of Fulda the Wild spell confers the Spessart. The borderline described therein refers with this name to the river . The actual first mention of the place took place in a document dated October 2, 1064, in which Heinrich IV. The ownership " Orbaha ... with castle and ... salt springs ... " to the church of Saints Stephan and Martin in Mainz , or the Archbishop Siegfried I , who is also Arch Chancellor of the empire , gives.

Bad Orb received city rights around 1244 , which also included the minting of a coin, the Orber Hälbling (half a penny ). The remains of the city fortifications, such as walls and gates, date from this time. Orb belonged to Kurmainz at this time . From 1428 to 1566, however, the city was pledged to the Counts of Hanau (from 1456: County of Hanau-Münzenberg ) . While the county of Hanau-Münzenberg turned towards the Reformation in the middle of the 16th century , Orb remained Roman Catholic after returning under the sovereignty of Mainz .

Salt extraction and use of brine

The production of salt from several brine springs shaped the medieval and early modern cityscape up to the 19th century. Salt was initially extracted within the city walls at today's “Solplatz” by evaporating the brine in large brew pans. The previous thickening and cleaning of the brine was done by grading : clay, lime and gypsum settled in large evaporation boxes and formed so-called "grading stones", which still show impressions of the wooden planks and beams of the grading box and were later also used as foundations for houses. Such a graduation stone was set up in 2002 at “Solplatz” as an example.

In the 18th century, the lengthy and less effective caste grading was abandoned. Outside the city walls - on today's spa park area - a new salt works was built between 1729 and 1748 , mainly at the instigation of the Mainz bailiff zu Lohr, Philipp Christoph von und zu Erthal . With brewhouses, salt magazines, workshops and 10 graduation towers with blackthorn twigs , as they were introduced in 1716 by Joseph Todesco in Nauheim , they corresponded to the state of the art at this time. The brine trickled into them over a total length of 2050 meters, circulated several times to increase the concentration and purity of the salty water before it boiled. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the production of “white gold” reached its peak with an annual production of up to 2000 tons of salt.

Already at the beginning of the 19th century, the production of salt from the weak Orber fountain brines was unprofitable in view of the competition that was being carried out in cheaper locations with industrial extraction processes. The first considerations arose to use the natural product brine as an alternative medicinally. In 1837 the pharmacist Franz Leopold Koch (1782–1850), who was born in Erfurt and came to Orb in 1807, founded the first brine bath with eight bath rooms . The buildings no longer exist. Bad Orb has been a state-approved spa since 1909 . Medical Councilor Franz Josef Scherf , to whom a memorial is placed at the entrance to the Kurpark, cemented his reputation as a health resort in the Weimar Republic . From around 1900 the professional health resort established itself. In 1912 the Kaiser Friedrich -Bad was built, which also no longer exists.

In 1884 the two brothers, pastor Friedrich Hufnagel and doctor Wilhelm Hufnagel , founded a children's hospital in which baths with brine were used. The institution was up to the year 1999 as a Diakonie - Foundation operated. After a bankruptcy, this clinic was resold twice. Today's Spessart Clinic is a clinic for children and adults and a. with cardiology.

Modern times

During the Thirty Years War , King Gustav Adolf of Sweden gave the city of Orb to the Count of Hanau-Munzenberg, who was allied with him . However, they could only hold the new property until the next turning point in the war and lost it again in 1634

Through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss Orb came to the Principality of Aschaffenburg , Oberamt Orb and Lohr, Amtsvogtei Orb. In 1806 the principality of Aschaffenburg became part of the primate state of Karl Theodor von Dalberg , which was a member of the Rhine Confederation . From 1810 to 1813 Orb was in the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Aschaffenburg Department, Orb District. As a result of the Peace of Paris , Orb came to the Kingdom of Bavaria on June 26, 1814 , where it became the seat of the Orb District Court in the Lower Main District, founded in 1817 . On January 1, 1862, the Gemünden District Office was formed from the Gemünden and Orb regional courts . Bavaria, which was on the losing side in the German War in 1866 , had to cede the area of the former district court Orb with the exception of Aura (these were the places Aura , Deutelbach , Mittel- and Obersinn ) to the Kingdom of Prussia . There it became part of the Gelnhausen district , but retained a special status as the "Orb District District" until March 31, 1886, in particular under local constitutional law.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , the Gelnhausen district was dissolved on July 1, 1974 and merged into the Main-Kinzig district , to which Bad Orb has belonged since then.

The "Orber Revolution" of March 2, 1849

In Paris Peace of 1814 Orb became Bavarian. The new constitution introduced in Bavaria in 1818 was already considered obsolete in 1848. Among other things, there was no separation of the judiciary, administration and police. The privileges of the nobility had not been revised either. In addition, there were economic factors, such as the poor harvests in 1846 and 1847. Orb also suffered from the decline in salt production due to competition from industrially mined salt.

The constitution passed in Frankfurt on March 28, 1848 was rejected by the Bavarian king. Republican and democratic movements in Lower Franconia demanded more rights for the population. 100 leaflets were found in Orb which, coming from Munich , "contained rude speeches against the king and the current situation".

A number of unsolved crimes, committed out of necessity or for political reasons, ultimately led to the transfer of a small contingent of troops from Aschaffenburg to Orb. On December 1, 1848, 36 soldiers moved into the infant care facility at Untertor, which had been converted into barracks, and 10 more soldiers were stationed in neighboring Höchst . Such a measure, which was common at the time, had to be financed by the municipality. This fact created additional unrest and resentment among the population.

Hostilities between citizens and soldiers, on the evening of March 1st, in the “Zum Braunen Hirschen” inn (in one of the patrician houses), led to physical disputes in front of the inn. There were injuries on both sides. The soldiers were forced to retreat to the barracks. They stayed there the following day.

On the afternoon of March 2, the population was alerted by the town hall's storm bell . A large number of citizens answered the call. Armed they went to the barracks , captured them and drove the troops away . Even in the withdrawal there was an exchange of fire, with injured soldiers and citizens. For fear of ambushes , the soldiers did not choose the shortest route to Aschaffenburg .

The authorities responded by sending an execution squad . It reached Orb on March 5th with 500 soldiers, 70 horses and 4 cannons. Blind shots from cannons were fired from a small hill in front of the city (the bailiff's club). They were so impressive that the city could be taken without any resistance. The troops were distributed in the city. A series of precautions ensured that the forcible calm was maintained. This included banning the use of the council bell and “ demonstrating readiness for action in a publicly effective manner through constant maneuvers ”. On March 9, 207 citizens' weapons were collected and confiscated . The following night, 17 ringleaders were arrested and taken to Aschaffenburg the very next day, under strong guard. On March 16, a large part of the troops withdrew, so that only 154 soldiers remained.

Soon after the event, but in vain, tried the state parliament member Ignatz Schopp from Orb "... to initiate a military court case against soldiers of the Orber Detachment". As a result of the legal appraisal of the “ revolution ”, Orb was sentenced to bear about a third of the costs for the 500-man command. The prosecution of the people involved was more complex . It dragged itself through three instances . In May 1850, only nine of the 32 accused were ultimately convicted in a jury trial. The jury courts introduced in Bavaria at the end of 1848 (an essential demand of the Democrats) judged citizens who were independent of state authority . In the Orb case, for example, the verdicts were relatively mild (between 3 and 15 months in prison). After 10 years and various petitions, some of the confiscated weapons were also returned.

Traces of Jewish life in Bad Orb

Jewish citizens can be found in Orb as early as the late Middle Ages; they fell victim to the persecution of Jews in the 14th century. In the 15th century Jews were there under the protection of the Counts of Hanau . In 1725 the city of Orb ceded a place to the Jewish community to build a churchyard. It was closed again after 1823 for sanitary reasons because of its proximity to the city. The square later became the municipal wooden yard. Afterwards, burials took place at the Jewish cemetery in Aufenau.

In 1870 a synagogue was inaugurated in Orb: “It was a two-story solid building with the main entrance from Solplatz. A staircase led from the entrance hall to the gallery and the teacher's apartment on the upper floor, as well as to a ritual bath in the basement. The school room was on the ground floor to the left of the entrance, the prayer room was on the right. The city's history shows sixteen Jewish families in 1904, three of which were members of the city council . The number of Jewish residents in the 19th and up to the beginning of the 20th century was roughly constant between 75 and 90 people. Their persecution in the Third Reich destroyed their coexistence with the Jewish residents in Bad Orb, and they were eventually expelled from Bad Orb.

Today there are still a number of testimonies of earlier Jewish life and work in Bad Orb. On the one hand, there is a memorial plaque on Soleplatz. Attached to a graduation stone, it indicates that there was a synagogue at this place until 1938. Various stumbling blocks that can be found in the city also remind of the Jewish community and its members, especially those who were innocently persecuted in the Third Reich . After all, Bad Orb has had a Jewish cemetery since 1932. Because of the expulsion of all Jewish citizens from Bad Orb, there were only 11 burials on it until 1938. Since April 2020 a memorial stone, erected in front of the cemetery and designed by the stone manufacturer Scheler, has been commemorating the fate of the Jews in Orb. The very respected Jewish doctor Dr. Rudolf Weinberg. He worked in Orb from around 1900 to 1941. The Doktor-Weinberg-Straße is named after him and a stumbling block also reminds of him.

The legend of Peter von Orb

Hans Prasch: Peter von Orb and his fox

The story of the robber Peter von Orb, who was up to mischief in the Thirty Years' War , but was revered by the poor as a kind of local Robin Hood comes from the Spessart saga collection of Adalbert von Herrleins . He was captured by the authorities, locked in the watch tower on the Molkenberg and sentenced to starvation. A fox, which the protagonist had tamed and who scented its master, dug its way to him under the tower. Peter von Orb widened the corridor and was able to escape. He was never seen again. But the fox was found who had freed him. He was slain and buried in the passage he dug to free his master. A heavy stone called the Fuchsstein was placed on top of the opening and can be seen at the foot of the watchtower.

In front of a bench in the center of the village there is a bronze sculpture by Hans Prasch depicting Peter von Orb and his fox. According to the city of Bad Orb, this is possibly the only sculpture of a robber who “guards” a bank.

politics

City Council

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Distribution of seats in the 2016 city council A total of 31 seats SPD : 7 CDU : 10 FWG : 5 FBO : 9	Parties and constituencies		% 2016	Seats 2016	% 2011	Seats 2011	% 2006	Seats 2006	% 2001	Seats 2001
	CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	32.9	10	41.2	13	28.9	9	24.4	7th
	SPD	Social Democratic Party of Germany	21.1	7th	35.3	11	33.8	10	32.9	10
	FWG	Free voter community Bad Orb	16.3	5	21.9	7th	27.9	9	31.9	10
	FBO	For Bad Orb	29.6	9	-	-	-	-	-	-
	FDP	Free Democratic Party	-	-	1.6	0	-	-	-	-
	Bad Orber List-FDP	Bad Orber List- Free Democratic Party	-	-	-	-	9.3	3	5.5	2
	REP	The Republicans	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.3	2
	total		100.0	31	100.0	31	100.0	31	100.0	31
	Voter turnout in%		50.0		48.0		52.3		63.8

mayor

According to the Hessian Municipal Code (HGO), the mayor is the chairman of the municipal board ( called magistrate in cities ), which in the city of Bad Orb includes eight other (honorary) councilors in addition to the mayor . Since March 16, 2016, Roland Weiß has been mayor. His predecessors in office from 1893 were

2010 to 2016: Helga Uhl (independent)
1998 to 2010: Wolfgang Storck (CDU)
1986 to 1998 Hugo Metzler (CDU)
1968 to 1986 Robert Bauer (SPD)
1962 to 1968 Christian Weisbecker (CDU)
1945 to 1961 Anton Drisch (SPD) (appointed by the US military government)
1945 Johannes Weißbecker, (deployed by the US occupation forces)
1933 to 1945 Hans Weiler
1929 to 1933 Benno Schubert
1916 to 1929 Eduard Schreiber
1912 to 1916 Dr. Hans Dahmann
1900 to 1912 Albert Toermer
1896 to 1900 Dr. Schoenhuth
1896 Baron Schenk zu Schweinsberg (acting)
1893 to 1896 Hugo Menzel

coat of arms

Blazon : "In blue on a striding, red-bridled silver horse, the golden armed and golden nimbly Saint Martin with a blue helmet and red plume , who with the sword hands a piece of the red cloak to the reclining beggar."

The city holds on to the well-known depiction of the Mainz monastery saint St. Martin, which appears in the secretion seal from the 14th century. As an old coat of arms, different from the seal image, the wheel is attested here, as in other former cities of the Archbishopric of Mainz, for example on a late medieval coat of arms stone on the Obertorturm, on old boundary stones and as an ornament of the market fountain and private buildings. Flag blue and white with Martin's coat of arms.

According to St. Martin, patron saint of the city, a Catholic church, a school, a kindergarten, the Caritas old people's home and the Kath. Parish named. The Orber city colors are white and blue.

Town twinning

The municipality has been in partnership with the Russian city of Istra , which is 56 km west of Moscow, since 2003 .

Public facilities

schools

In Bad Orb, the Martinus School is located on the Burgring as a primary and secondary school. There is also the Kreisrealschule at Michaelstrasse 5. It emerged from the former episcopal, later municipal Latin school. In addition, Bad Orb is linked to the Friedrich-August-Genth-Schule (cooperative comprehensive school) in Wächtersbach, the Grimmelshausen-Gymnasium in Gelnhausen and the Henry-Harnischfeger-Schule (integrated comprehensive school) in Bad Soden-Salmünster.

Day care centers

There are 3 daycare centers in the city :

the day care center Martin
the day care center Michael
the day care center in Friedrichstal

There are nurseries - like kindergarten places available, as all-day places and lunch.

Bad Orb volunteer fire brigade

The Bad Orb volunteer fire brigade has its own base in the Au industrial area . It was founded in 1901, a youth fire brigade was added in 1964 and a bambini group was added in 2007. The operations department currently (2020) consists of 56 active comrades, the youth fire brigade has 19 people, the children's group consists of 23 children.

In addition to the traditional tasks during operations, the main focus of operations and hazards of the Bad Orber fire brigade is:

on the A66 motorway section ,

in health clinics,

in large forest areas,

for supra-local activities.

An extraordinary event in the history of the Bad Orber fire brigade was the fire in the Martinskirche in 1983, which was destroyed down to the foundation walls.

Technical relief organization, Bad Orb branch

In 1962 the local association Bad Orb of the THW was founded. In February 2001 a youth group of the local association was founded. From 1970 the THW Bad Orb was used to a greater extent in traffic accidents. Depending on the location, activities are concentrated on flood operations, for example in Maintal-Dörnigheim, Hanau, Erlensee, Gelnhausen and Bad Soden-Salmünster, but also outside of Poland, Dessau, Dessau-Waldersee and Wetzlar. Also remembered are two aid convoys to the Soviet Union in the early 1990s and an aid transport to Romania.

economy

The main historical economic factor - salt production - was finally given up in 1899 and replaced by the spa ( see above). In order to create the spa park on the former saltworks area, all the graduation towers except for the youngest and largest, built in 1806, were demolished.

Today tourism is the main source of income (hotels, guest houses, restaurants, retail, service companies) alongside the health system and spa (clinics, rehabilitation centers, medical practices, physiotherapy ). Approx. According to the spa administration, 70% of the jobs depend on these sectors.

After the major health care reform of the nineties and a crisis around the turn of the millennium, especially due to the lack of contemporary requirements for adequate thermal baths, the city relies on economic upturn with the "Toskana-Therme" opened in 2010 (see below). There are also a number of cultural activities and events.

At the same time, some traditional companies are holding up. A local product is the so-called “Bad Orber Solschinken”, which is smoked in beech wood using a patented process and cured with saline salt ( DLG award-winning).

traffic

Rail traffic on the standard gauge railway line Wächtersbach – Bad Orb was stopped due to an accident in 1995. Since 2001, on Sundays and public holidays in the summer months, the narrow-gauge line, which has now been set back to 600 mm, has been running as a pure museum train , the small steam train "Emma".

The bus routes 81 to 84 of the KVG Main-Kinzig operate all year round and provide public transport connections to Bad Soden-Salmünster , Flörsbachtal , Jossgrund and Wächtersbach , the tariff of the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund applies .

The road connection is via the L3199 state road that branches off from the intersection of the B 276 and the A 66 .

Culture and sights

Libraries

The two churches in Bad Orb each operate their own public community libraries. These are: the Bad Orb Catholic Library and the Evangelical Community Library-Martin-Luther-Church.

There is also a city library in the Zehntscheune on Burgringstrasse.

theatre

Bad Orb has a spa theater known in the region, in which concerts, guest performances and art exhibitions take place on a regular basis, there are also annual performances by the drama and theater group "Peter von Orb", alternating between the "Holzhof Festival" and the hall ( since 1999).

Performances by the theater group "Peter von Orb"

1999 "Peter von Orb"
2000 " Schinderhannes (drama) "
2001 - break from theater
2002 " The Old Lady's Visit "; Youth theater - " Emil and the detectives ".
2003 "The Judge of Orb"
2004 "The Happy Vineyard"; Youth theater - " The flying classroom "
2005 "Orber Passion"
2006 - break from theater
2007 "The inn in the Spessart"
2008 "Gossip and Gossip"
2009 "Peter von Orb"
2010 " The Auditor "
2011 "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde "
2012 “ The House in Montevideo ”; Youth Theater - "The Wave"
2013 "The village without men"
2014 My friend Harvey; Youth theater - "AMOK",
2015 "Lysistrata"
2016 death in the theater
2017 “Around the World in 80 Days”; Youth Theater - "Addiction"
2018 Currywurst with French fries; Youth theater - "Dystopia - future without future"
2019 "The Salt Boiler's Daughter"

Museums

Local history museum in the palas of the former Bad Orb castle, on the left the guest house , formerly tithe barn

In the Palas of Bad Orb Castle there is a local history museum, which is looked after by the history association of the town and provides information about the history of the town.

music

Music concerts are regularly performed in the Bad Orb concert hall. a. from the Bad Orb spa orchestra and the South Hessian Chamber Orchestra under the direction of music director Jaroslav Bilik.

The Opera Academy has been located in Bad Orb since 1987 and was directed by Carlos Krause from 1990 to 2013 . It promotes young singing talents through the opera performances presented every year.

The city of Bad Orb has received many musical awards. So she initially has her own hymn, the Orber song entitled “All Heil Bad Orb im Spessartwald” , composed by Georg Henkel . There is also “Das Lied von Bad Orb” by Benno Schubert, a former mayor of Bad Orb, it is a rather cheerful tribute to the city. And finally, the German rock band Rodgau Monotones released a song about the city in 1995 with their spa offer under the title Bad Orb, Bad Orb , with the melody of the Sinatra hit New York, New York as a single on the market. It is a parody of the adopted home, the guests suffering from many debilitating diseases.

Regular events

The regular events include:

City tours throughout the year, every Saturday at 10:00 a.m., from the graduation tower for 1.5 hours
the sea of lights in the spa gardens
Guided tours on the barefoot path are offered
Guided tours on the Orber Dornsteinweg are offered
the art exhibition "Dialogue of the Elements"
the carnival parade
the Saint Martin's Parade
Christmas market
until 2017, the annual Spessart Challenge
the Easter market
the curb (parish fair)
the annual St. John's fire at the watch tower
the Opera Academy has presented its operas since 1987, usually in August. With 3 performances each, the events have a national impact
the theater group "Peter von Orb" performs a theater production every year, alternately on the wooden courtyard or in a hall
Another important festival is the Gradierwerkfest on October 3rd, the aim here is to preserve the salt works
at the Gradierwerkfest there is now traditionally a free classic car meeting for motorcycles and cars from the last hundred years,
in May 2011 and 2012 the garden and gourmet days La Villa Cotta , a presentation of approx. 100 supraregional exhibitors around garden culture and gastronomy, took place in the spa gardens
At the end of the year, the Opera Academy offers the event "Hilarious from opera and operetta". It is already part of the Bad Orber music tradition.
For decades, large, national medical conferences have been held, such as the pediatrician congress, the annual general practitioner conference Practica ; The organizer is the Institute for Further Training for General Practitioners (IhF) or the health days for the Spessart and Kinzig valleys, organized by the Spessart Medical Network

Large concert at the brass music festival

Usually every two years on the second weekend in September, the International Brass Music Festival of European Youth takes place in Bad Orb . In 2006, 20 bands from six nations with around 1,000 musicians took part, in 2012 there were more than 37 bands with over 1,300 musicians, in 2018 there were more than 30 associations from 13 countries.
The Whitsun Open Air Festival takes place once a year on the Turnerwiese on Molkenberg

media

The city newspaper Bad Orber Blättche appears in Bad Orb with public announcements and reports about the city.

societies

The largest club is the Turnverein 1868 with over 2,000 members. There are also more than 80 other clubs.

Other facilities

Doctors network Spessart eG
Barefoot path in the Spessart
IG Metall educational institution
Caritas nursing home St. Martin
Neuro-orthopedic rehabilitation center
Küppelsmühle Rehabilitation Clinic
Base of the Federal Agency for Technical Relief ( THW )
Spessart Clinic Bad Orb GmbH

Buildings

Buildings in the spa area

Salt pans / spa facilities

Head house of the graduation tower

Walkway on the west side

From the heyday of salt production, one of the originally ten graduation towers in the spa park is still fully functional and accessible. The graduation tower is over two hundred years old (built in 1806), around 158 m long and 18 m high and serves as an open-air inhalatorium for guests of the city. The salt and moisture saturation achieved in the vicinity of the graduation tower is similar to a marine climate. This graduation tower came in second place in the HR program “The most popular sights in Hesse” (2007). The “Verein der Freunde des Gradierwerk e. V. ”, whose members have collected over € 900,000 since 1997 in order to preserve this cultural asset. This corresponds to approx. one third of the total costs that were necessary to completely renovate the technical monument in four stages between 2001 and 2010 (completed in April 2010). Guided tours are offered in summer, and graduation operations are closed in winter.

Attached to the graduation house is a stone house from the early days of the spa operation, which contained the inhalatorium around 1900. 1 construction phase has already been carried out on this house, also with the help of the “Friends of Bad Orber Gradierwerk e. V. “and the renovation of the 2nd and 3rd construction phase is planned.

In addition to the graduation tower, two historical buildings in connection with the former Bad Orb saltworks have been preserved. On the one hand there is the former customs house, a sandstone building on the edge of the spa park, on the other hand the former town hall (built around 1770; today tourist information), which was originally used as the administration building of the Saline Orb; the building with the clock tower was the "Hauptsalzamt" (main salt office) in Bavarian times and the annex was the inspector's house with official apartments for the salt works.

The more than a hundred year old spa park, the former brewing area of the salt boilers, is east of the historic town center with many half-timbered houses . The contemporary spa buildings include a music pavilion, a library and the spa hotel in the immediate vicinity of the "Toskana Therme".

Tuscany thermal baths

The Toskana Therme under construction (2010)

For around 23 million euros, a bathing and sauna area with 800 square meters of water was built from 2008 to 2010 according to plans by the architect Andreas Ollertz as a self-supporting wooden structure. The thermal bath, which opened on May 2, 2010, is the largest investment in Bad Orb's history. According to the plans of the city and the operator, it is intended to initiate a transition from the traditional spa to a contemporary wellness tourism.

Five of the six water basins are fed with brine at 32 degrees Celsius. In the “ Liquid Sound Temple” of the system, visitors can hear underwater music. Both classical and electronic music are offered. Underwater spotlights, interior lighting and a light mandala in the dome create light effects in changing colors that dominate the Bad Orbs townscape from afar in the dark.

The thermal bath, which also includes an Italian restaurant, replaces the "Leopold-Koch-Bad", which was demolished in autumn 2006. The property is owned by the city of Bad Orb. The tenant and operator is Toskanaworld GmbH, founded in 2005, which initially opened two thermal baths in the new federal states - Bad Sulza (Thuringia) and Bad Schandau (Saxony) with the slogan Tuscany of the East ; she also took over the Kurhaus-Hotel Bad Orbs.

Buildings in the old town

Churches

There are two Catholic houses of worship, St. Martin and St. Michael, and a Protestant church, the Martin Luther Church.

The Martinskirche is a hall church from the 14th century with a Romanesque tower and Gothic choir. It burned down completely on Christmas Day 1983. The building, re-inaugurated in 1985, is a reconstruction.

The Protestant Martin Luther Church is a simple neo-Gothic building by the architect Ludwig Hofmann from 1903 (enlarged by an extension in 1953) with two loan bells (17th and 18th centuries) from Silesia ( Reichenstein ) and from East Prussia ( Pillkallen ), which on the so-called bell cemetery in Hamburg had escaped meltdown. As a member of the Electorate of Mainz , Bad Orb had always remained Catholic, but there was already a small Protestant community in Bad Orb for the 18th century. However, it was not until the turn of the 20th century that it received the legal and financial requirements to build its own church.

St. Michael is a new building (1964) by Johannes Reuter , an architect from Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe , a hexagonal hall with a large relief of the Archangel , surrounded by concrete honeycombs flooded with light; the tall, slender tower is designed in the same style. The church has been closed since September 2016 because the tower is dilapidated and the safety of visitors cannot be guaranteed.

St. Martin
Martin Luther Church
St. Michael

Half-timbered houses

The old town of Bad Orb has a number of typical Franconian half-timbered houses; the oldest of them have a stone basement. For the most part, they blend in with the younger buildings; only the "Kirchgasse" is a closed half-timbered row.

The smallest half-timbered house in all of Hessen

The distinctive buildings within the city walls include

the two patrician houses at Hauptstrasse 28 and 30 with figural carved ornaments (the left one dated 1607),
Kanalstrasse 44 (initially the seat of the Hufnagel'schen Kinderheilanstalt)
the brewing pan in Obertorstraße 4, as well as the oldest half-timbered house in the city in Obertorstraße 6 (historic inn or bakery, around 1550), also called "Haus Alt Orb" with a historic vaulted cellar that is well worth seeing.
the Salzgrafenhaus (dated 1695), Gretenbachstrasse 15,
all houses in the Kirchgasse starting from the market square (17th and 18th centuries). The smallest house in Hesse (Kirchgasse 23, on its narrow side only 1.58 m wide) was inhabited until 2013 by the artist Helmut Jahn , a representative of abstract expressionism, whose monumental work Augengarten (7 × 32 meters) both at the state horticultural show and in the Frankfurt Central Station was shown.

As is common practice, lie outside the city walls

the executioner's house in Meistersgasse (dated 1707, but on an older core), possibly also the house of the cleaver or knacker,
the Lohmühle in the Gerberviertel (1831), also based on a forerunner.

Outside the city walls, there is also the former Goldenes Rad inn (1605) in Wendelinusgasse by the Wendelinus fountain ; the exterior decoration is not historical, but was attached by the antique dealer currently located there.

Castle and city fortifications

Former castle, today museum and house of the guest

Coat of arms of the Lords of Milchling

From the former Bad Orb Castle of the Lords of Milchling - possibly in the core the older Orbaha Castle - still stand the Palas (now a museum), which was restored between 1986 and 1988, and the former tithe barn , 1981–1982 as the "Haus des Gastes" (lecture hall ) set up.

Part of the city wall from the late 13th century with an angular defensive tower and an archway has been preserved near the Philipps and Ludwig springs; There is also a tap on the wall for these fluoride-containing sodium chloride acidulous (13 ° C, pH value 6) and a third source north of the city (Martinus spring). In the two fountain temples in front of the city wall (built in 1959 and 1961), however, it is not the real spring water that gushes, but (non-potable) fresh water; The city intends to protect the wells at a depth of more than 70 m.

After a fire in 1838, battlements, battlements and eleven semicircular towers of the city fortifications were removed. When the houses were rebuilt after the fire, several barn gables were added to the remaining stumps of the wall. In these “barns” there are now some artist workshops and restaurants.

The moat that once enclosed the city wall is still rudimentarily recognizable.

Of the previous three city gates, only the “Obertor” is still standing; "Untertor" and "Josstor" were demolished. In place of the lower gate there is now a stainless steel arch and the Schwalbach fountain from 1998.

Other structures

The nine meter high watchtower - once part of the city fortifications - towers over the city on the 293 m high Molkenberg and allows a view over Bad Orb into the Kinzig valley and, in clear weather, into the Vogelsberg with the Hoherodskopf and the Taufstein . It is the tower in which Peter von Orb is said to have been imprisoned. The so-called "Fuchsstein" in front of the tower can still be clearly seen.
The historic station building from 1925/1926 is a cultural monument . The large-scale expressionist pictures by Hans Brasch , laid out over 4 sides in the interior, symbolize the healing springs, the seasons and the typical professions of Orber citizens at the beginning of the 20th century.

Parks

Spa gardens

In the vicinity of the entrance, the graduation building of the former salt works delimits the spa gardens to the west. The park was designed in 1900 in the style of an English landscape garden and is one of the last concepts by Heinrich Siesmayer , the horticultural architect who also created the Palmengarten in Frankfurt among many other facilities . The Orbbach , which is contained and fanned out into two partial streams , flows through the park, part of which flows through a pond.

The concert hall opened in 1958 is located in the spa gardens. It offers space for up to 880 people and thus the setting for meetings, seminars, congresses and cultural events of all kinds. The building is classified as a high-quality cultural monument and contemporary document. A concert shell in the park next to the concert hall is used for smaller concerts and summer events.

A teaching herb garden has also enriched the spa park since 2000 . During guided tours, you can get to know around 200 different plants, mostly native medicinal plants.

To the south-east of the spa gardens there are: a Kneipp facility , a fitness trail , tennis courts , a mini golf course and a little further on an outdoor pool and a playground.

Spessart Wildlife Park

The historical nucleus of the wildlife park is the Orber city forest, which was reforested by the Bavarian government in the 19th century and which quickly developed a rich wildlife population. Wealthy Frankfurters founded the Orber Hunting Society in 1861 . The First World War ended this tradition, a military training area was created and the game was driven away. In 1934 the first wildlife park was created, which was relocated in 1937 and modernized in 2002.

By the end of 2012, a park consisted of free roaming deer, Asian Sika deer , mouflon , plains bison , donkeys, goats and rabbits, developed by several walking trails and originally two cafes, one of which is still one. Due to financial difficulties, neither the city nor a private tenant was able to maintain the operation of the park, almost all animals were given to other facilities and the site was neglected. At the end of 2013, a new private tenant took over the park, and after renovation work, in addition to a few goats that remained from the old park, a mother bison with calf, ostriches and Turopolje pigs were settled. The animals are fenced in in the new park. Animals were stolen from the park several times. Furthermore, animals were fed to death by visitors, sprayed with paint and otherwise damaged.

Labyrinth in the spring park

There has been a labyrinth in Bad Orb since August 2019 . It is located in the Quellenpark, at the end of the Quellenring, protected on two sides by the historic city wall , near the source temple of the Philipps spring. It was designed by the labyrinth planner Gernot Candolini. The meditative place has a sycamore maple in its center and comprises seven passageways. Model for the Orb labyrinth is the famous historical labyrinth in the cathedral of Chartres . The meadow between the labyrinth paths is currently decorated with flower strips.

Walking and hiking trails

Further infrastructures on the south and east edge of the spa park are:

the "Brückchenweg" , the (Willi-Heim-Promenade), leads as a continuation of the spa promenade into the upper Orbe valley and after about 2 km to the Kneipp facility and the Spessart wildlife park . He is at the same time

a nature trail that explains nature in and around Orb with display boards and model plants

the Orber Dornsteinweg , an approximately 9 km long European cultural hiking trail , which describes the history of the city and the salt production in the saline in 6 stations

a barefoot path that starts at the end of the spa park and runs parallel to the Brückchenweg to the Kneipp facility

a path of reflection

a sculpture path at the neuro-orthopedic rehabilitation center

Paths at the Küppelsmühle , a former mill with an inn from the 17th century, which was converted and converted into a rehabilitation clinic.

Natural monuments

Madstein

In the so-called Orber Reisig , a forest southeast of the spa town between Orbquelle, golf course and Beilstein , the so-called Madstein rises on the northern slope of the Hohe Berg , a heavily mossed basalt block that is geologically related to the formations on the Beilstein.

The medieval legend of the maid Vroni, who has to defend herself against the sexual assaults of her employer, the clergyman Hans Riemer, is entwined around this rock. One day the church treasure was stolen and found at Vroni. Hans Riemer has her brought to court for church robbery, where she is sentenced to death. Vroni protests her innocence. The judge, however, proclaims: "As little as you are able to move that stone - this basalt block is meant - from its place, so little will you change the judgment". Vroni, however, prays to the Virgin Mary, and her strength grows that allow her to lift the stone effortlessly. The judge recognizes in it a divine judgment and acquits it. The church caretaker, however, sinks to the ground, hit by the ban beam. He admits that he wanted revenge as a rejected lover, took the church treasure himself and foisted Vroni on it. Hans Riemer is sentenced to death.

sport and freetime

Sports

In Bad Orb there is a gymnastics club (TV Bad Orb), two social clubs (Viktoria e.V., Edelweiss e.V.), a fishing club (ASV Petri Heil Bad Orb), a shooting club (Schützenverein Bad Orb e.V.) , a football club (FSV 1921 Bad Orb eV), a bowling club (Die Neuntöter), a darts club, a chess club, a cycling club (Germania), the DLRG , a taekwondo club , a dog sports club (club for dog lovers) and a tennis club. There are signposted mountain bike routes around Bad Orb for sporty cyclists. The main attraction is the Spessartchallenge, a duathlon that takes place in September , consisting of a city run, mountain biking and a mountain run, where the German endurance elite meets.

About 5–7 km south of Bad Orb is the 18-hole golf course of the Bad Orb / Jossgrund e. V. in the area of the former bombing practice area of Lettgenbrunn - Villbach .

Pools, tennis, mini golf and Kneipp facilities

In Bad Orb, in addition to the Toskana Therme, tennis courts, a mini golf course, playgrounds, three Kneipp facilities and a heated outdoor pool are available to citizens and visitors. In addition to a multifunctional leisure pool with a giant slide, massage jets and much more, the pool also has a 2,500 square meter natural swimming pond with 50-meter swimming lanes. The water is naturally treated in a regeneration pond with a mineral soil filter, planted with local aquatic plants.

Further hiking trails, cycle path network

In addition to the spa gardens and the surrounding area, Bad Orb is surrounded by a dense network of hiking trails, some of which are of regional importance.

A hiking trail to Bad Soden from Kurpark to Kurpark connects two places just a few kilometers apart that use the same brine springs and yet - u. a. due to their different territorial affiliations - parallel but also diverging historical developments took place. Only in our time are both health resorts, each with their own character.

On the ridge between Bad Orb and Salmünster ( Große Kuppe ), a number of boundary stones document the demarcation between Kurmainz and Fulda in the 18th century, which corresponds to the border between Bavaria and Hesse-Kassel in the 19th century (not but today's border between Bavaria and Hesse!). Then there was the third size until 1787, the small territory of the Lords of Forstmeister zu Gelnhausen (1365 to 1787), which included Aufenau , Neudorf and Kinzighausen . The hikers' car park as the starting point for this borderland hike, which is also accessible by bike, is therefore called the three-country corner .

Bad Orb is connected to the Hessen cycle path network , with the volcano cycle path and the Hessian long-distance cycle path R3 .

panorama

and display information about the image

View over the city from the watch tower on the Molkenberg; in the background: Vogelsberg on the left, Große Kuppe in the middle, Wintersberg on the right

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Richard Zentgraf (1881–1936), Catholic priest, principal of the Latin School, wrote several books on the history of Bad Orb
Christian Stock (1884–1967), first elected Hessian Prime Minister
Josef Engel (1909–1992)
Robert Eckert (1924–2012), long-time director of the Orber City Museum, former chairman of the history association, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit
Hans Prasch (1925–1999), sculptor, winner of the 1985 Main-Kinzig Culture Prize
Herbert Heim (1933–2011), doctor
Carlos Krause (* 1936), chamber singer, winner of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis 2004 culture award
Ulrich Freund (* 1936), qualified social pedagogue, psychotherapist, co-owner of the Küppelsmühle rehabilitation clinics
Wolfgang Larbig, doctor (gynecologist)

sons and daughters of the town

Adam Huth (1696–1771), German Jesuit, theologian and canon lawyer
Johann Baptist Quanz (1741–1822), Catholic priest, also a high dignitary in the archbishopric and benefactor; he donated u. A. A fund for the poor in the city
Karl von Braun (1832–1903), German Imperial Judge
Georg Adalbert Huhn (1839–1903), pastor and prelate in Munich, member of the Bavarian state parliament
Gregor Kraus (1841–1915), botanist and university professor; Founder of microclimatology
Burkhard Oly (1938–2008), sculptor and goldsmith
Peter Dudek (* 1949), German educator, university professor and author
Ignatz Schopp (1797–1873), master baker, innkeeper, later member of the Bavarian state parliament (around 1848–1855)
Dorothee Becker (* 1966), painter, lives and works in Bad Orb, winner of the 2014 Main-Kinzig District Culture Prize
Daniel Mack (* 1986), politician and communications consultant

Personalities and families associated with Bad Orb

Epitaph for Johann Adam Faulhaber

Siegfried I (Mainz) received, in October 1064, from King Heinrich IV., As Archbishop of Mainz and Arch Chancellor of the Empire, the settlement Orb, with castle and salt springs
The widely ramified Faulhaber von Wächtersbach family settled in the area between Franconia and the Wetterau from the 13th to the 17th century , with a clear focus on Wächtersbach and Orb. The "Freihof", formerly part of the Orb castle complex, belonged to the Faulhaber family, and the Renaissance epitaph for Johann Adam Faulhaber in St. Martinskirche in Bad Orb also reminds of the family.
Bechtold Faulhaber (approx. 1377–1437) von Wächtersbach, son of Conrad Faulhaber (around 1350 - after 1390) and unknown from Karlsbach, was enfeoffed in 1428 and 1437 with extensive estates in Orb. In 1425 he was granted tax exemption for all of his property, the Freihof in Orb.
Ewald Faulhaber († 1486) Canon in Mainz , with the position of cathedral cantor . He is possibly the founder of the famous panel painting by the master of the Darmstadt Passion , in the Bad Orber Martinskirche. A picture of the founder appears on a panel.
Lords of Milchling (around 1576). The gentlemen Schutzbar, called Milchling, came from an old noble family in Upper Hesse . You were involved in the expansion of Orb Castle , presumably in the role of bailiff .
Philipp Christoph von und zu Erthal (1689–1748) modernized the Orber saltworks by relocating them to the city gates and introducing modern black thorn graduation towers in place of the straw walls that were customary up to now.
Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1744–1817) Archbishop of Mainz, promoted the salt town of Orb by building the last graduation towers and the salt works administration building (later town hall). He carried out social measures to alleviate the housing shortage (Weiler Friedrichsthal) and for the benefit of poor citizens.
Franz Leopold Koch (1782–1850), pharmacist, benefactor, founder and operator of the first bathing establishment in Orb.
Wilhelm Hufnagel (1848–1924), doctor , benefactor , founder and head of the children's sanatorium in Bad Orb
Arthur von Weinberg (1860–1943), German chemist and industrialist, together with his wife Willemine Huygens, was an important patron of the Bad Orb children's hospital. The "Willeminenhaus" is named after his wife .
Georg Wilhelm Henkel (1861–1934), teacher and composer
Franz Josef Scherf (1865–1929), doctor and spa director in Bad Orb (1905–1929), member of the Kassel Provincial Parliament (1926–1929)
Hans Brasch (1882–1973) German painter and representative of Expressionism , he furnished the interior of the reception building of the Orber train station with murals that symbolically represent the seasons , the Orber mineral springs and the typical professions of the Orber citizens.
Oskar Haseneier, Catholic clergyman, rector of the Episcopal Latin School in Orb (1902–1909), author of the romantic plays: "Der Madstein" and "Peter von Orb" (1924)
Alfons Maria Lins (1888–1967), charismatic theologian and respected Catholic pastor of Bad Orb.
Dan Hauenstein (1894–1978), painter and sculptor , lived and worked in Bad Orb
Albert Jung (composer) Albert Jung (1899–1970), composer and music director , lived and worked in Bad Orb
Johannes Kapp (1929–2018), former auxiliary bishop in the diocese of Fulda, was chaplain, pastor and dean in Bad Orb
Helmut Jahn (1936–2013), painter, lived in Bad Orb
Hilde Heyduck-Huth (* 1929, Nieder-Weisel ), painter and children's book illustrator, lives and works in Bad Orb, winner of the Main-Kinzig District Culture Prize 2012 in the field of painting / graphics, multiple participation in the art exhibition “Dialogue of the Elements” in Bad Orb
Christof Heyduck (* 1927, Breslau ), painter, lives and works in Bad Orb, winner of the 2012 Main-Kinzig-Kreis Culture Prize in the field of painting / graphics, multiple participant in the art exhibition "Dialog derelemente" in Bad Orb, freelance stage designer for theater and television at home and abroad

Web links

Commons : Bad Orb - collection of images

Wikivoyage: Bad Orb - travel guide

Official website of the city of Bad Orb
Literature from and about Bad Orb in the catalog of the German National Library

literature

Johann Büttel, History of the City and Saline Orb, Reprint Orbensien , 1981
Richard Zentgraf, "Pictures from the History of the City of Bad Orb" , Richard Zentgraf, Bad Orb Society., 1927
Richard Zentgraf, “Bad Orb in the Spessartwald. Description of the city and its beautiful surroundings ” , Verlag Bad-Orb-Gesellschaft, 1928
Richard Zentgraf, "Alt Orb and his Church" , Richard Zentgraf, 1929.
Helga koch / Jochen Löber, Jewish life in Bad Orb , Orbensien-Verlag, 2009
Werner Schulze-Seeger, ORB 1300 years of brine and salt , Orbensien-Verlag, 1994
Werner Schulze-Seeger, From the salt town to the spa , Orbensien-Verlag, 1992
Der Salzsieder , Volume 1 - Issue 1/2005
Robert Eckert, "Peter von Orb - a statue realizes Orber history" in "Querdurch die Orbe Geschichte" , published by Bad Orber Geschichts- und Heimatverein, Geschichtswerkstatt Büdingen, 2010
Hanns M. Walter, "Der Freihof, Orbs uralter Burgsitz" , Hessenland, magazine for the cultural maintenance of the district association Hessen, 1942, publisher: Der Landeshauptmann, issue 4

Individual evidence

↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
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↑ ^a ^b Bad Orber History and Local History Association , accessed on April 19, 2020
^ Uta Löwenstein: County Hanau. In: Knights, Counts and Princes - secular dominions in the Hessian area approx. 900–1806 (= Handbook of Hessian History. 3; = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. 63). Marburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 , p. 209.
↑ Medieval Lexicon , accessed on January 21, 2020
↑ Werner Loibl: The father of the prince-bishop Erthals - Philipp Christoph von und zu Erthal (1689-1748). Heinrich Fußbahn (Ed.): Publications of the History and Art Association Aschaffenburg e. V., Volume 64. Aschaffenburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-87965-126-9 , pp. 347-388, 764-776.
^ Johann Büttel, "History of the City and Saline Orb, Orbensien-Verlag, p. 123
↑ Spessart Clinic , accessed on January 21, 2020
^ Uta Löwenstein: County Hanau . In: Knights, Counts and Princes - secular dominions in the Hessian area approx. 900–1806 (= Handbook of Hessian History. 3; = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. 63). Marburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-942225-17-5 , p. 209.
↑ § 3 No. 19 of the ordinance concerning the organization of the administrative authorities in the former Electorate of Hesse, in the former Duchy Nassau, in the formerly free city of Frankfurt and in the previously Bavarian and Grand-Ducal Hessian territories of February 22, 1867, collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States, (No. 6563), prussian GS p. 273 and the highest decree, concerning the establishment of special administrative offices for the former Grand Ducal Hessian district of Vöhl and the former Bavarian district of Orb from June 24, 1867, collection of laws for the Royal Prussian States (No. 6753), preußGS p. 1261; This special status was repealed with effect from April 1, 1886 by § 1 paragraph 3 of the district order for the province of Hessen-Nassau of June 7, 1885, Collection of Laws for the Royal Prussian States (No. 9071), Prussian GS p. 193
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 363 .
↑ Roman Fischer, “Not and the will for freedom form an explosive mixture”, Spessart, 1/1988, p. 2
↑ Roman Fischer, “Not and the will for freedom form an explosive mixture”, Spessart, 1/1988, p. 2
↑ Roman Fischer, “In March 1849 the population drove out the military. … “, Spessart, 1/1988, pp. 3–8
↑ Roman Fischer, “The firing squad set off for Orb, 500 soldiers, 70 horses and four cannons”, Spessart, 1/1988, pp. 9-14
^ Roman Fischer, "The analysis of the first lieutenant….", Spessart, 1/1988, pp. 15-19
↑ Roman Fischer, “The firing squad set off for Orb, 500 soldiers, 70 horses and four cannons”, Spessart, 1/1988, pp. 9-14
↑ Roman Fischer, "32 accused were indicted, ..., nine convicted", Spessart, 1/1988, p. 17
↑ Roman Fischer, “In March 1849 the population drove out the military. Was it an act of republican revolution, rebellion out of social need, uprising by semi-criminals? ”, Spessart, 1/1988, pp. 19–22
↑ ^a ^b Jewish history on alemannia-judaica.de , accessed on April 19, 2020
^ Johann Büttel, History of the City and Saline Orb, Reprint Bad Orb 1978 of the original Würzburg 1901 edition, p. 50
↑ Elsbeth Ziegler, The seeds of the Nazi madness also grew in Bad Orb in 1938 , in Gelnhäuser Tageblatt, August 4, 2006
^ Moving lecture , in Gelnhäuser Tageblatt, January 16, 2013
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↑ [“Don't forget atrocities, minutes of silence at a distance: memorial stone commemorates Bad Orber of Jewish faith”, GNZ, April 23, 2020]
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↑ Local elections 2011 in Hessen. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .

↑ Local elections 2006 in Hessen. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .

^ Gelnhäuser Tageblatt of January 21, 2016: Politics only "For Bad Orb"

^ Hessian State Statistical Office: Direct elections in Bad Orb

↑ Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung of November 9th, 2015: Weiss: My term of office started, accessed on August 10th, 2016

↑ Wolfgang Storck: Departure of a bearer of hope. In: Frankfurter Rundschau of March 16, 2010

↑ Bad Orber Blättche No. 434, October 27, 2012

^ A childhood in Bad Orb, by Christoph Funke, p. 86

^ Klemens Stadler : The municipal coat of arms of the state of Hesse . New edition of the collection of German local coats of arms by Prof. Otto Hupp on behalf of HAG Aktiengesellschaft in Bremen, edited by Dr. Klemens Stadler, drawings by Max Reinhart (= German coat of arms - Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 3 ). Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1967, p. 18 .

^ Spa town Bad Orb: day care center Martin / spa town Bad Orb. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .

↑ Childcare offers. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .

^ Spa town Bad Orb: day care center Friedrichstal / spa town Bad Orb. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .

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^ THW OV Bad Orb - Chronicle. Retrieved July 20, 2020 .

↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of April 30, 2010.

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↑ Ralph Philipp Ziegler “Das Stille Tal”, CoCon-Verlag, p. 39

↑ Participant | Badorb tourism . In: Badorb Tourism . ( bad-orb.info [accessed August 24, 2018]).

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↑ Jörg Anderson: Sole and Sound. In: Frankfurter Rundschau of April 29, 2010, p. D5.

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↑ For the castle see: Rolf Müller (Ed.): Schlösser, Burgen, alten Mauern. Published by the Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89214-017-0 , p. 29f.

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↑ Elsbeth Ziegler, "Old and new knowledge in one place", GNZ, May 23, 2020

↑ Elsbeth Ziegler, Is that a maze? , GNZ, June 8, 2019

↑ Elsbeth Ziegler, Let Thoughts Run With Your Feet , GNZ, August 31, 2019

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↑ Hanns M. Walter, "Der Freihof, Orbs uralter Burgsitz", Hessenland, magazine for cultural maintenance of the district association Hessen, 1942, publisher: Der Landeshauptmann, issue 4

↑ Jürgen Ackermann, The Faulhaber von Wächtersbach and Orb , Sammlg. Business Wächtersbach, 41. L., January 2003, No. 266 ISSN 0931-2641, pp. 9-10

↑ Guide, "Historical City Tour Bad Orb"

↑ Jürgen Ackermann, The Faulhaber von Wächtersbach and Orb , Sammlg. Business Wächtersbach, 41. L., January 2003, No. 266 ISSN 0931-2641, pp. 2-5

↑ Marianne Jacoby-Zakfeld: Burg Bad Orb, p. 45 Let's go to the "Tour de Burg": castles and palaces, villas and country estates in the Main-Kinzig district, Adventure Cooperation Hanau, 1993

↑ Werner Schulze-Seeger, ORB 1300 years of brine and salt , Orbensien-Verlag, 1994, pp. 38–40

↑ Werner Schulze-Seeger, ORB 1300 years of brine and salt , Orbensien-Verlag, 1994, pp. 88–93

^ Composers in Hesse. Hessian Music Archive of the University of Marburg, accessed on July 10, 2016.

↑ Toni Engel: Heimatgeschichte: Georg Henkel died 50 years ago. In: Bad Orber Anzeiger of January 5, 1984, page 6.

↑ Robert Eckert "Peter von Orb - A statue realizes Orber history" in "Querdurch die Orbe Geschichte" , published by Bad Orber Geschichts- und Heimatverein, Geschichtswerkstatt Büdingen, 2010, p. 5

^ Leonhard Tomczyk: The sculptor Dan Hauenstein. In: Archive for Hessian History, 67 (2009), pp. 291–311

^ Ralph Philipp Ziegler: An eventful artist's life. In: Gelnhäuser Neue Zeitung from April 20, 2015.

↑ Ralph Phillipp Ziegler: The silent valley: The composer and conductor Albert Jung, Bad Orb and the 20th century. Cocon-Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-86314-287-2 .

↑ ^a ^b My paper from December 28, 2017

↑ ^a ^b kulturpreis.net , accessed on May 24, 2020