First Paris Peace
The First Peace of Paris was concluded with the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in Paris on May 30, 1814 after the fall of Napoleon I (April 11, 1814) and ratified on May 31, 1814. He temporarily ended the coalition wars, also known as the Russo-German-French War of 1812 and 1815. In addition, colonial possessions were reorganized.
Attendees
The peace was made between the King of France Louis XVIII. on the one hand and the allied powers Austria , Great Britain , Prussia , Russian Empire , Spain , Portugal as well as Sweden and Norway on the other.
Results
In Europe
Thereafter, the Kingdom of France was left within its borders from January 1, 1792 and also retained part of the formerly Sardinian Duchy of Savoy , the formerly papal possessions of Avignon and Venaissin and several formerly German and Belgian border districts and the enclaves of Mulhouse and Mömpelgard ( Montbéliard ).
The Netherlands was to be placed under the rule of the House of Orange and enlarged.
The German states remained independent and united by a federal bond. Switzerland also retained its independence and self-government.
On the other hand, Italy , apart from the provinces belonging to Austria , should consist of nothing but sovereign states.
Shipping on the Rhine to the sea ( jusqu'à la mer ) was declared free, as was shipping on the Scheldt .
Overseas
Great Britain kept Malta , Tobago , St. Lucia and Mauritius (Isle-de-France), but returned all other conquered colonies to France and the formerly Spanish portion of Haiti (Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic ) to Spain .
Even Sweden gave the French island of Guadeloupe and Portugal French Guiana out again.
Final provisions
The final handling of the provisional provisions was entrusted to the Vienna Congress .
Fonts
- Traité de Paix signed in Paris on May 30th 1814, et Traités et conventions signed in the mème ville on November 20th 1815 . Libr. Grecque-Latine-Allemande, Paris 1815 digitized
See also
Web links
- Verbatim copy of the main documents , 1864 ( Google Books )
- Text of the treaty dated May 30, 1814
- Text in French
- First Paris Peace Treaty of May 30, 1814 in German and French at Wikisource.
- Rita Stöckli: Peace in Paris. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .