Bad Sulza

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Bad Sulza
Bad Sulza
Map of Germany, location of the city Bad Sulza highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 5 '  N , 11 ° 37'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Weimar Country
Fulfilling municipality : for Eberstedt
for Großheringen
for Niedertrebra
for Obertrebra
for Rannstedt
for Schmiedehausen
Height : 140 m above sea level NHN
Area : 91.14 km 2
Residents: 7688 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 84 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 99518, 99510
Primaries : 036461, 03644, 036421, 036425, 036463, 036464
License plate : AP, APD
Community key : 16 0 71 004
LOCODE : DE BH4
City structure: 18 districts

City administration address : 		Markt 1
99518 Bad Sulza
Website : www.bad-sulza.de
Mayor : Dirk Schütze ( SPD )
Location of the city of Bad Sulza in the Weimarer Land district
Am Ettersberg Nauendorf Vollersroda Hetschburg Frankendorf Ilmtal-Weinstraße Ilmtal-Weinstraße Ettersburg Rannstedt Obertrebra Ballstedt Hammerstedt Oettern Eberstedt Kleinschwabhausen Wiegendorf Kiliansroda Bad Sulza Mechelroda Kapellendorf Grammetal Großheringen Lehnstedt Umpferstedt Buchfart Döbritschen Rittersdorf Hohenfelden Neumark Niedertrebra Tonndorf Schmiedehausen Großschwabhausen Mellingen Klettbach Magdala Kranichfeld Apolda Bad Berka Blankenhainmap
About this picture

The small town of Bad Sulza is a rural community in the Thuringian district of Weimarer Land . It bears the name addition Kur- und Weinstadt and is a state-approved spa. The health resort can still be counted on the southern edge of the Saale-Unstrut region , the most important wine-growing region in Central Germany , in the spa triangle Bad Bibra - Bad Kösen - Bad Sulza.

View from the Thuringian Wine Gate to the Sonnenburg and the graduation tower

geography

Geographical location

Bad Sulza is located in and on the Ilm Valley in the northeast of the district and is surrounded by mountain slopes that are part of the foothills of the Finne ridge and the limestone formation of the Ilm-Saale-Platte . Bad Sulza is located on the Ilm . The area is also called Thuringian Tuscany .

Neighboring communities

The city borders clockwise and starting in the north with the following cities and communities: Kelbra , Brücken-Hackpfüffel , Wallhausen , Edersleben (all districts of Mansfeld-Südharz , Saxony-Anhalt ), Großheringen , Schmiedehausen (both districts of Weimarer Land), Dornburg-Camburg , Wichmar , Zimmer , Hainichen , Lehesten (all Saale-Holzland district ), Jena (independent city), Großschwabhausen , Kapellendorf , Apolda , Ilmtal-Weinstrasse (all district Weimarer Land). The municipalities of Niedertrebra , Obertrebra , Eberstedt and Rannstedt, which are located in the Weimarer Land district, are largely enclosed by the urban area of ​​Bad Sulza .

City structure

City structure until December 30, 2019

Bad Sulza was created by merging the neighboring towns of Stadtsulza (also known as Stadtmitte), Dorfsulza (in the valley to the right of the Ilm) and Bergsulza (above the valley on Camburger Strasse). Furthermore, the settlement of Oberneusulza , which emerged from a saltworks, belongs to Bad Sulza in the Ilm Valley, while Untereusulza is already in the area of ​​the municipality of Großheringen .

According to the main statute, Bad Sulza is divided into the core town and the following districts: Auerstedt , Eckolstädt , Flurstedt , Gebstedt with Schwabsdorf , Großromstedt , Hermstedt , Kleinromstedt , Ködderitzsch , Kösnitz , Münchengosserstädt , Neustedt , Pfuhlsborn , Reisdorf , Sonnendorf , Stobra , Wickerstedt and Wormstedt .

history

From the first mention to 1900

The settlement mentioned between 881 and 889 in a tithing register of the Hersfeld monastery as Salzacha as an allocation for Bad Sulza is very controversial. Recent research relates this name to Langensalza or Salza near Nordhausen. A first document with a regional reference comes from the year 1046, in which a Burgward Sulza is mentioned. Little is known about Sulza Castle. A field name "Altenburg" still indicates this. Due to the strategically important location on the "via regia", it is assumed that in the 10th century a royal castle guard and his entourage controlled and monitored Königstrasse. Wilhelm III., Count of Weimar, who referred to himself as Count of Sulza and Geisleden from 1009-1039, was probably more wealthy in Salza near Nordhausen.

From 1182 to the 16th century, there is evidence of ministerials with the name Sulza. The castle became the center of the Burgward district. At the beginning of the 16th century, Spanish troops devastated the city. The fortifications were not rebuilt.

On December 5, 1064, King Heinrich IV granted the Count Palatine Friedrich von Sachsen market, customs and minting rights as well as the right to boil salt for the town of Sulza.

Viticulture has been documented in Sulza since 1195, but it is probably much older.

In the early Middle Ages there was only one place called Sulza, probably today's village Sulza. Later the market settlement developed on the western side of the Ilm and a settlement at the newly built canon monastery on the mountain: Stadtsulza, Dorfsulza, Bergsulza . The salt boiler settlements of Oberneusulza and Untersteusulza (near Großheringen) also appear later. Allegedly, a castle was built on the western foothills of the Herlitzberg in Bergsulza to secure the salt production and the transport to the east to Schmiedehausen, Camburg, to meet the Regensburger Straße near Wetzdorf. This is unlikely. Much rather points to the mountain spur to the south of it with the field name "Auf der Altenburg". A canon monastery was established on the Herlitzenberg in the 11th century by Count Palatine Friedrich II of Saxony. The monastery was located on the site of the well-preserved manor house from the 19th century, which is now the youth hostel.

In 1584 Sulza was struck by the plague . In 1593 the place received lower jurisdiction. In 1613 the city was hit by the Thuringian Flood . The boiling operation of the salt works was relocated in 1625 by the supervisor Johann Agricola to the newly founded Untersteusulza on the Ilm estuary and straw grading was introduced. Swedish troops sacked the city in 1640 . In 1714 there was a major fire that left almost the entire city to rubble and ashes. In 1752, when Baron von Beust took over, a new era began for the salt works , which led to a new bloom. In 1846 the city was connected to the Thuringian Railway with the construction of a railway station . The year 1847 is considered to be the year in which the brine bath was founded.

1900 to the present

Neu-Sulza and in the background Dorfsulza and Bergsulza around 1850

In 1907, the merger of Dorfsulza (1895: 634 inhabitants) and Stadtsulza (1895: 2301 inhabitants) resulted in the town of Bad Sulza. In 1923 Bergsulza and Oberneusulza were incorporated. Untereusulza remained independent until 1949 when it was incorporated into Großheringen .

From 1933 to 1937, the Thuringian Ministry of the Interior maintained a concentration camp in the former spa hotel “Zum Großherzog von Sachsen” , which succeeded the Nohra concentration camp . Guarding was transferred from the SA to the SS in 1936 . A total of 850 prisoners were interned there and used to work in the quarry and road construction. The prisoners from Bad Sulza were transferred to the Buchenwald concentration camp in 1937.

Since 1940 the prisoner-of-war camp ( STALAG ) IXC was set up first in a former inn and later in a barrack camp in the Ilmaue , from which over 42,000 prisoners of different nationalities were recorded and used for forced labor in the region. At least 442 of them were killed, most of them Soviet prisoners who perished from typhus in an epidemic camp in Brühl .

On September 11, 1944, the rifle house and the empty dormitory of the children's spa were hit in an American air raid .

The city was occupied by the US Army on April 11, 1945 without a fight . This immediately opened the Allied POW camp.

On April 13, 1945, the former spa hotel "Zum Großherzog von Sachsen" burned down, probably as a result of arson. The concentration camp was located in it from 1933 to 1937. In 1939 the building complex had become a branch of the Weimar State Archives. In the fire, the holdings of 5,000 meters of archive material were completely lost: with the history of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in the 19th century and of the State of Thuringia until the 1930s. In addition to the archive, the building had been used by the Wehrmacht to store food and spirits.

From the beginning of 1945 Bad Sulza was " overrun by a refugee avalanche (from the eastern regions)" (Chronicle).

At the beginning of July 1945, the Red Army replaced the US Army in Bad Sulza. This made it part of the Soviet Zone and, from 1949, of the GDR .

From 1950 Bad Sulza was a resort for Wismut AG. From 1964 to 1969 a multi-storey bismuth sanatorium was built on the edge of the spa park.

In the 1960s, Bad Sulza was known as the Volksheilbad and Volkssolbad .

From the end of October 1989 there were also citizens' meetings in Bad Sulza as part of the Peaceful Revolution in the Kur-Saal of the Sophienhaus and then in the Mauritius Church (up to 470 participants).

Evangelical Lutheran town church St. Mauritius from 1715

From 1992 to 1996 Bad Sulza was merged with the communities of Auerstedt, Eberstedt, Flurstedt, Gebstedt, Großheringen, Ködderitzsch, Niedertrebra, Obertrebra, Rannstedt, Reisdorf, Schmiedehausen and Wickerstedt in the administrative community of Bad Sulza . With the dissolution of this Bad Sulza became a fulfilling congregation for all other member congregations.

Since December 31, 2012, the previously independent municipalities of Auerstedt , Flurstedt , Gebstedt , Reisdorf and Wickerstedt have been part of the newly formed rural municipality of Bad Sulza, for which Bad Sulza was previously a fulfilling municipality.

Ködderitzsch was incorporated on January 1, 2019. Bad Sulza was already a fulfilling community for Ködderitzsch.

The municipality of Saaleplatte was incorporated into the city of Bad Sulza on December 31, 2019. Since December 31, 2013 Bad Sulza has been a fulfilling municipality for Saaleplatte.

church

Monuments and memorials

Memorial stone concentration camp
  • Soviet honor grove in the local cemetery for more than 300 Soviet prisoners of war who died of typhus and malnutrition during the Second World War
  • Randweg with five steles for information and to commemorate the five places that determined what happened in the area during the National Socialist era : the early Bad Sulza concentration camp, the STALAG IX C, the death camp in Brühl, the RSHA's alternative camp for artifacts and the burial place for Soviet prisoners of war, at that time located outside the cemetery walls
  • In the city center there is a memorial for the fallen of the First World War from Bad Sulza (names weathered on the base), which is now - expanded - dedicated to "the victims of war and tyranny".
  • In the Mauritius Church there is a mosaic of a Pietà by the Bad Sulza painter Karl Holfeld : “Our dead and missing. 1914–1918 and 1939–1945 ”, with a name book.
  • A stele in the north cemetery shows under the inscription "GEDENKET" (with Christian crosses) that 21 German war victims from the time of the two world wars are buried here, including a woman and seven "unknown German soldiers".

politics

City council

The city council of Bad Sulza consists of 16 elected citizens. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result for the composition of the city council with a turnout of 70.4%:

town hall
Party / list Share of votes Seats
CDU 30.7% 5
SPD / LEFT 27.3% 4th
Free voters Weimarer Land 18.0% 3
WG fire brigades Bad Sulza 06.3% 1
Free voter group Flurstedt 05.6% 1
Reisdorfer for Reisdorfer 02.3% 0
Interest group BS 09.8% 2
total 100% 16

Fulfilling Church

Bad Sulza is the " fulfilling community " for the places:

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bad Sulza in its current form was created in 1907. In that year Stadtsulza and Dorfsulza merged to form Bad Sulza.

It shows on the left the previous coat of arms of Stadtsulza, Saint Mauritius , who is considered the patron saint of salt boilers. The Moor in the city arms of Sulza is proven very early and can be found in the oldest known seal from 1567. On the right side the arms shows a golden linden tree on a black background, the previous arms of Dorfsulza, which has been documented since 1810.

Sister cities, city friendships

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Bad Sulza station (2017)
Bad Sulza Nord stop (2017)

Bad Sulza has a train station on the Halle – Erfurt railway line . In addition to the hourly regional train line RB20 Leipzig – Naumburg – Erfurt – Eisenach, Bad Sulza has also been served by Abellio Rail Central Germany's fast regional express trains since December 2015 . There are hourly connections to Erfurt and Halle (every two hours with a change in Naumburg). The three stops Bad Sulza Nord , Auerstedt and Eckartsberga (Thür) , which are located within the urban area on the Sömmerda – Großheringen peppermint railway, have not been served as planned since December 2017 due to the cancellation of the Buttstädt – Großheringen section.

The bus line 285 connects Apolda with the other terminus Bad Sulza.

Bad Sulza can only be crossed or reached by county and country roads . The closest federal highways are the B 87 , which runs north and west of Bad Sulza and only touches the western district of Reisdorf, the B 88 to the east at Camburg and the B 250 to Querfurt, which ends in Eckartsberga or branches off from the B 87 .

Spa and tourism

Bad Sulza Clinic Center, built in 1969 as a bismuth sanatorium
Sophienklinik, entrance
Pump room in the Bad Sulza spa gardens
Saltworks
  • The saline and local history museum in the rooms of the former tavern explains the development of the town and the spa with its permanent exhibition. A second focus is devoted to the battle of Jena and Auerstedt , which took place in the area in 1806. The fully preserved pharmacy furnishings from the 19th century are also worth seeing.
  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe had already pointed out the possibility of a spa business when visiting the salt works in August 1828. An obelisk in the Kurpark that was rededicated for him during the GDR era shows a plaque with the following text: "To the great German Johann Wolfgang von Goethe on his 200th birthday on August 28, 1949".
  • Health has been practiced in Sulza since 1839. A drinking hall was built at the Carl-Alexander-Sophien-Quelle , which since 1884 has also supplied the nearby Sophienklinik , opened on July 1st, 1883 and thus Thuringia's first and thus most traditional rehabilitation clinic, with healing salt water. A first bathhouse was built on Leopold-Schacht (Siedehaus I), the first spa on the Lachenberg . The scenic location gained further attention in the following years as Soolbad Sulza . The Sophie Children's Spa was inaugurated in 1883 - named after the socially committed Grand Duchess Sophie of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Around 1900, further buildings of the spa architecture followed in quick succession - an inhalatorium , several fountain pavilions, guest houses and villas.
  • For the "Louise" graduation house with its walkway and atomizer hall, brine from the " Johann Agricola " spring is used today and used for therapeutic purposes.
  • The Toskana Therme is a combination of a leisure pool with a thermal bath . As the first private public partnership model in Thuringia, it was developed by the city of Bad Sulza, the Kurgesellschaft Heilbad Bad Sulza and the operators of the clinic center, and in 1999 it was affiliated to the clinic center Bad Sulza . In 2000, the Toskana Therme with its Liquid Sound therapy method was a world project at Expo 2000. At the 2010 Berlin International Tourism Fair, the Toskana Therme was the first thermal bath in the world to be awarded the renowned “Green Globe” sustainability label.
  • The replica of Goethe's garden house , which was created in Weimar for the City of Culture year 1999 , was erected below the Toskana Therme as Goethe's garden house two and opened on August 27, 2002. The 1: 1 replica of the Weimar monument can be viewed.
  • The Bad Sulza Clinic Center , built in 1969 as a Wismut Sanatorium, is a multidisciplinary rehabilitation clinic for dermatology , pulmonology and orthopedics , in which predominantly chronic diseases of the respiratory tract, skin and locomotor organs are treated in specialist departments - also with a psychosomatic background. It is located directly at the listed spa park on the Lachenberg in Bad Sulza. The clinic center was one of the first German members of the ISPA (International Spa Association). A study by the European Tourism Institute from 2008, which compares the quality of spas and health resorts in Germany, shows that Bad Sulza is one of the best spas in Germany.
  • You can walk through the vineyards on marked paths.
  • There is a youth hostel in Bergsulza .
  • Bad Sulza is located on the 124 km long Ilm cycle path , which is supplemented by other themed cycle paths - such as the Emsenbach cycle path .

  • Thuringian Wine Gate

  • House of the guest in the spa gardens

  • Goethe-Schiller monument

  • Graduation tower

  • Manor house in Bergsulza

  • Rectory of the Mauritius Church

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

People connected to the city

  • Thomas Naogeorg (actually Kirchmair) (1508–1563), theologian, neo-Latin poet and school dramatist
  • Karl Holfeld (1921–2009), German painter and graphic artist

literature

  • Hans Joachim Kessler: Healing water and bubbling springs. Encounters with historical baths in Thuringia . Ed .: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen. E. Reinhold Verlag, Altenburg 2001, ISBN 3-910166-44-X , (Bad Sulza) The poet's recommendation, p. 71-80 .

Web links

Wikisource: Bad Sulza  - sources and full texts
Commons : Bad Sulza  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ §3 of the main statutes of the city of Bad Sulza (PDF; 26 kB).
  3. ↑ Main Statute of January 1, 2019 (pdf) , accessed on January 19, 2020
  4. ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 194.
  5. ↑ a b Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 242.
  6. ^ Sulza Castle.
  7. ↑ Werner Mägdefrau : Thuringia in the Middle Ages 1130-1310. From the Ludowingers to the Wettins (= Thuringia in the Middle Ages. Vol. 3). Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-152-8 , p. 68.
  8. ↑ Werner Mägdefrau: Thuringia in the Middle Ages 1130-1310. From the Ludowingers to the Wettins (= Thuringia in the Middle Ages. Vol. 3). Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-152-8 , pp. 68 and 70.
  9. ↑ Udo Wohlfeld: The network. The concentration camps in Thuringia 1933–1937. Documentation on the Nohra, Bad Sulza and Buchenwald camps (= Wanted. Series of publications by the Weimar-Apolda history workshop. 2). Self-published Geschichtswerkstatt Weimar / Apolda eV, Weimar 2000, ISBN 3-935275-01-3 , p. 99 ff.
  10. ↑ Ruth-Barbara Schlenker, Udo Wohlfeld: National Socialist Camp in Bad Sulza. A city tour. History workshop Weimar, Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-935275-06-4 , p. 20.
  11. ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics .
  12. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2012
  13. ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 4, 2019
  14. ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 11/2019 of October 18, 2019, p. 385 ff.
  15. ↑ Ruth-Barbara Schlenker, Udo Wohlfeld: National Socialist Camp in Bad Sulza. A city tour. History workshop Weimar, Weimar 2008, ISBN 978-3-935275-06-4 .
  16. ↑ wahlen.thueringen.de - municipal council election 2019 in Thuringia: Bad Sulza
  17. ^ NVS - Nahverkehrsservicegesellschaft Thüringen mbH: press release , May 23, 2012; (PDF; 58 kB).
  18. ↑ Information for Saline- and Heimatmuseum Bad Sulza.
  19. ^ Museums in Thuringia . Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen, Frankfurt am Main 1995, p. 32 .
  20. ↑ http://www.sophien-klinik.de/
  21. ↑ Eckart Behr: 125 grams for the anniversary. Bad Sulza: five quarters of a century in the service of health. In: The bagpiper. The magazine for our clinic. Vol. 10, No. 1, 2009, ZDB -ID 2302571-2 , p. 30.
  22. ^ Grand Duchess Sophie of Saxony.
  23. ↑ Tuscany Therme Bad Sulza. ( Memento from January 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  24. ^ Website of the city of Bad Sulza. Accessed April 29, 2010.
  25. ↑ SW: Spas combine water with health. 4th annual meeting of the British International Spa Association (BISA) in Baden-Baden. In: medical + wellness. 4, 2008, pp. 10-11 .
  26. ↑ Heinz-Dieter Quack, Alexandra Partale, Peter Herrmann, Meike Wanner: Comparative Quality Assessment (VQB) of spas and health resorts from a (health) tourism perspective. Summary of the cross-border results. European Tourism Institute at the University of Trier GmbH, Trier 2008, thueringen.de ( Memento from December 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ).