Blankenhain

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Blankenhain
Blankenhain
Map of Germany, position of the city of Blankenhain highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 52 '  N , 11 ° 21'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Weimar Country
Height : 370 m above sea level NHN
Area : 113.75 km 2
Residents: 6440 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 57 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 99444
Primaries : 036459, 036422 (Drößnitz, Wittersroda) , 036454 (Meckfeld, Niedersynderstedt, Söllnitz, Tromlitz)Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : AP, APD
Community key : 16 0 71 008
LOCODE : DE BLK
City structure: 23 districts

City administration address : 		Marktstrasse 4
99444 Blankenhain
Website : www.blankenhain.de
Mayor : Jens Kramer ( CDU )
Location of the city of Blankenhain in the Weimarer Land district
Am Ettersberg Nauendorf Vollersroda Hetschburg Frankendorf Ilmtal-Weinstraße Ilmtal-Weinstraße Ettersburg Rannstedt Obertrebra Ballstedt Hammerstedt Oettern Eberstedt Kleinschwabhausen Wiegendorf Kiliansroda Bad Sulza Mechelroda Kapellendorf Grammetal Großheringen Lehnstedt Umpferstedt Buchfart Döbritschen Rittersdorf Hohenfelden Neumark Niedertrebra Tonndorf Schmiedehausen Großschwabhausen Mellingen Klettbach Magdala Kranichfeld Apolda Bad Berka Blankenhainmap
About this picture

Blankenhain is a small town in the south of the Weimarer Land district on the Thuringian Porcelain Route . It lies between Weimar and Rudolstadt and is one of the largest municipalities in Thuringia.

geography

Blankenhain is about 350 meters above sea level in the valley of the Schwarza , which flows through the city from east to west. To the north lies the 497-meter-high Kaitsch and to the west rise also wooded mountains that belong to the geological formation of the Ilm-Saale-Platte ( shell limestone ). A wavy plateau extends to the south and east, on which most of the districts of Blankenhains are located. Neighboring cities are Bad Berka in the north, Magdala in the east, Rudolstadt with the district Teichel in the south and Kranichfeld / Tannroda in the west.

Weimar is about 15 kilometers north, Jena about 20 kilometers east and Rudolstadt about 20 kilometers south. Erfurt is located about 30 kilometers northwest of Blankenhain.

City structure

The town of Blankenhain has 23 districts :

Marketplace

Around 3500 inhabitants live in the core city.

history

In the Middle Ages several important routes crossed between Ilm and Saale: Kahla - Erfurt , Weimar - Saalfeld , Gera - Arnstadt , Magdala - Großliehaben / Langewiesen / Dreiherrenstein / Frauenwald . To protect these connections, there was a high medieval castle in Blankenhain, on whose grounds the Blankenhain Castle now stands. The lords of Blankenhain are said to have been a branch line of the lords of Mellingen. They were vassals of the Archbishop of Mainz . In 1147 a witness was named Gottfried von Blankenhain. Under the rule of the Landgraves of Thuringia, the Lords of Blankenhain rose to the nobility by owning castles.

The first documentary mention of Blankenhain was on July 7th, 1252. No exact date has been passed on when the town was granted town charter. Blankenhain was first referred to as a town in 1424. Around 1500 the castle was rebuilt and after a fire in 1667 the property got its present shape.

Memorial plaque to the stay of the Prussian royal couple in 1806

In the late Middle Ages, Blankenhain had become the seat of a sideline of the Counts of Gleichen ; after the Counts of Gleichen died out, their fiefs fell to the Archdiocese of Mainz, and in 1631, as in Ohrdruf and Wandersleben, the fallen fiefdom was handed over to the Counts of Hatzfeld . After their extinction, Blankenhain came to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar , to which it belonged until 1920. The Blankenhain Castle was the residence of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III for a short time . and his wife Queen Luise during the fleeting retreat towards Königsberg after the lost battle of Jena and Auerstedt .

During the invasion of the US troops in April 1945, Mayor Konrad Fuß was shot dead when he hoisted the white flag as a sign of surrender. After the end of World War II , hundreds of prisoners of war , forced laborers and concentration camp inmates from the liberated Buchenwald concentration camp were treated in the hospital, but at least 328 of them succumbed to the consequences of the abuse, including 68 Jews . The dead were buried in both the old and the new cemetery . Gravestones were erected for them and a memorial was erected in 1976.

The state sanatorium and nursing home Blankenhain

Memorial plaque, inaugurated in September 2013, destroyed in August 2014

In 1840 the " Thuringian State Hospital " was built in Blankenhain , where the mentally ill and infirm were to be accommodated and cared for. Because the number of people with mental illnesses and the handicapped continued to rise, extensions were built in the coming decades until the castle was also included to accommodate the patients. Disastrous hygienic and technical conditions characterized the accommodation, so that the death rate was relatively high. A significant increase in the number of deaths can be observed from 1939, since the so-called incurable sick people could be given a “ death by grace ” by means of the “ Führer order ” . This was caused by insufficient supply or / and over-medication. In 1940 the institution was largely vacated because it was to be given a different function. The majority of all patients were transferred to Mühlhausen and Stadtroda , but most of them were transferred to Zschadraß until they were transferred to the Pirna-Sonnenstein killing center , where they were asphyxiated with gas.

In memory of this part of the institution's history, a memorial plaque was inaugurated on the outside wall of the castle on September 28, 2013 in the presence of the Thuringian Minister of the Interior, Jörg Geibert , which was donated by four students from the Bergschule high school in Apolda . On August 17, 2014, strangers unscrewed the panel and destroyed it behind the castle wall. The state security has been investigating the perpetrators since then. As part of their project work, the high school graduates presented a brochure about the murder of Blankenhain patients during the Nazi era.

History of the districts

  • Today's Blankenhain district of Thangelstedt was the scene of the reconciliation between Otto I and his first-born son Liudolf in the autumn of 954 , which enabled the victory over the Hungarians ( battle on the Lechfeld ). At that time Thangelstedt was still called Suveldun ("Saufeld") .

Incorporations

Former parish date annotation
Alt- and Neudörnfeld October 1, 1993
Drößnitz September 2, 1995
Great lohma April 1, 1959 Merger with Kleinlohma to Lohma
Hochdorf October 1, 1993
Keßlar October 1, 1993
Little lohma April 1, 1959 Merger with Großlohma to Lohma
Krakendorf October 1, 1993
Lengefeld October 1, 1993
Lohma October 1, 1993
Loßnitz October 1, 1993
Lotschen March 1, 1974 Incorporation to Keßlar
Meckfeld near Blankenhain March 1, 1974 Incorporation to Keßlar
Neckeroda January 1, 1997 Reclassification from the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district
Niedersynderstedt October 1, 1993
Obersynderstedt July 1, 1950 Incorporation to Loßnitz
Rettwitz May 6, 1984 Incorporation to Krakendorf
Rottdorf October 1, 1993
Saalborn April 9, 1994
Schwarza October 1, 1993
Söllnitz July 1, 1950 Incorporation to Loßnitz
Thangelstedt October 1, 1993
Tromlitz October 1, 1993
Wittersroda February 17, 1965 Incorporation to Drößnitz

politics

Local elections 2019
Turnout: 62.8% (2014: 53.5%)
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
45.6%
(+ 4.9  % p )
14.8%
(-8.9  % p )
7.1%
(-10.6  % p )
4.9%
(± 0.0  % p )
10.8%
(-2.2  % p )
16.7%
( n.k. )
UBI e
BEB f
2014

2019

Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
e Independent Citizens' Initiative Weimarer Land eV
f Citizens' initiative of the unified community Blankenhain eV

City council

The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 62.8%:

Town hall on the market
Party / list Share of votes Seats
CDU 45.6% 9
The left 14.8% 3
SPD 07.1% 2
Alliance 90 / The Greens 04.9% 1
BI of the unified community Blankenhain 16.7% 3
Independent BI Weimarer Land 10.8% 2

mayor

The former city treasurer Jens Kramer (CDU) has been mayor since 2018. From 2006 to 2018 this was Klaus-Dieter Kellner (SPD), who did not run for reasons of age.

Town twinning

A town partnership exists with Waldeck in Hesse.

Attractions

City Church
Blankenhainer Castle
Castle gate
Good Krakow Golf Resort
  • The St. Severi town church was built from 1481 to 1493 by "Werkmeister Heinrich Geßner" on the foundation walls of a late Gothic predecessor church. A document from 1517 about the connection to the St. Severi Church in Erfurt is in the city archive there. In 1525, the Reformation was introduced in Blankenhain. The church has a 43 m high bell tower. Inside, the stained glass windows from 1886 and the large crucifix above the altar are impressive. It is a 16th century wood carving that came to this place in 1981 after a renovation. Before the Reformation there were up to five altars in the church. The small wooden door of the sacrament shrine in the left wall of the chancel is a relic from the Catholic times of the church. The table altar with the seven carved figures is late Gothic (mid-16th century). The sacristy built during this time is covered by a groin vault and is painted in color. In a room set up as a prayer room, a figure of Christ hangs in the window niche without limbs or painting: It comes from the Rottdorf church, where it was found on the floor and, after restoration, was handed over to the Blankenhain church in this condition. It is a valuable carving from the 16th century. The baroque organ prospectus comes from the hands of organ builder Johann Christoph Schmaltz from Wandersleben . The pneumatic organ work by Furtwängler & Hammer from 1908 has two manuals with ten stops in the main work, eleven in the swell and a further six voices in the pedal work . On the northern part of the triumphal arch of the nave there is a large tomb with two figures ( loyalty and innocence as well as eternity ), richly and moderately decorated in rococo . In addition to other tombstones in the church there is also that of Count Gottfried von Hatzfeld from 1689.
    The small glass window with the kneeling abbot dates from the 16th century.
    In 1801 the church received a peal from three bronze bells, of which the two larger ones were melted down during the First World War. The little bell was saved and is currently hanging in the Catholic nuns' church in Blankenhain. In 1922, the Ulrich & Weule bell foundry in Apolda cast the three steel bells for the church tower. They ring es-ges-b in the disposition and weigh 1950 kg, 1100 kg and 500 kg. Also in 1922 an electric bell device was installed.
  • The Blankenhainer Castle was built in the Middle Ages as a castle, first mentioned in 1279. The current building was built between 1680 and 1690. Since May 2000 the Schlossverein Blankenhain eV has been looking after the castle as a public and cultural institution.
  • Since April 2010 there has been a pharmacy museum in five rooms of the former city pharmacy at Rudolf-Breitscheid-Straße 2 ; it is supported by a development association.
  • In the Tromlitz cemetery , a grave with a memorial stone commemorates a Polish female forced laborer named and an unknown Serbian fellow sufferer, who were deported to Germany during the Second World War and who became victims of forced labor in 1944.
  • Since 2011 there has been a small local museum and meeting house in the "Stammhaus Luge" in Altdörnfeld from 1651 after the north gable was rebuilt . The structure and type of the museum have not been changed. The premises are sustainably preserved. It shows life in the country, before and after the war, exhibits from different areas and times, and much more.
  • Altdörnfeld was first mentioned in a document in 970/976.
  • In Altdörnfeld there is also a small village church from 1746, the interior of which was restored from 2010 to 2013 and its electrical system renewed. It was prepared with a lot of love and diligence. There is also an original Gerhard organ from 1735.

Economy and Transport

Blankenhain is a formerly agricultural small town. Here is the seat of a porcelain manufacturer founded by Chr. Andreas Wilhelm Speck in 1790, today Weimar Porzellan GmbH . Many residents also find work in the nearby cities of Jena, Weimar and Erfurt.

The city's main artery is the federal highway 85 , which runs in north-south direction and connects Weimar with Rudolstadt. There are further road connections to Tannroda in the west, Apolda in the northeast and Kahla in the east.

The railway connection to Weimar existed with the Weimar-Berka-Blankenhainer Railway between 1887 and 1967.

The clinic in Blankenhain is a regular provider with a center for dialysis shunt surgery. It has been part of the Helios Clinics since 1997 .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Persons connected to Blankenhain

literature

  • Paul Egert: History of the city and rule Blankenhain (Thür.). Volume 1: Older Times. Schlimper, Weimar 1922, DNB 365570419 .
  • Stefan Wogawa: 1200 years of Schwarza. 817 - 2017 . THK, Arnstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-945068-09-0 .

Web links

Commons : Blankenhain  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Blanckenhain in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Main statutes of the city of Blankenhain. (PDF; 413 kB ) in the version: 4th amendment from October 19, 2017. City of Blankenhain, March 3, 2009, p. 2 , accessed on March 26, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Wilfried Warsitzka: The Thuringian Landgrave. Dr. Bussert & Stadeler, Jena 2004, ISBN 3-932906-22-5 , p. 203.
  4. ^ Otto Dobencker : Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae. Volume 3: 1228-1266. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1925, p. 321 f., No. 2039. (archive.thulb.uni-jena.de) .
  5. ↑ Edwin Zeyss: contributions to the history of the Counts of peers and their territory . Verlag des Verein der Wachsenburg eV, Gotha 1931, p. 11-13 .
  6. ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , pp. 68-69.
  7. ^ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia Wartberg. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 343.
  8. ↑ Thüringer Allgemeine , from August 21, 2014.
  9. ↑ Swantje Gebhardt, Svenja Maaß, Rebekka Reise, Lydia Steinke: mass murder of Blankenhain patients. Anna March - victim of euthanasia (= found. Series of publications of the Prager Haus Apolda eV 14). Prager-Haus Apolda, Weimar 2014, ISBN 978-3-935275-31-6 .
  10. ↑ Egendorf. At www.blankenhain-online.de . Retrieved September 24, 2011.
  11. ↑ Caspar Ehlers , Lutz Fenske, Thomas Zotz (Red.): The German royal palaces. Repertory of the Palatinate, royal courts and other places of residence of kings in the German Empire in the Middle Ages. Volume 2: Michael Gockel: Thuringia. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-36515-2 , p. 402 and: Thangelstedt, p. 540.
  12. ^ Federal Statistical Office: Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  13. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1995 and 1997 .
  14. ↑ wahlen.thueringen.de - municipal council election 2019 in Thuringia: Blankenhain , accessed on July 30, 2019
  15. ↑ wahlen.thueringen.de - municipal council election 2019 in Thuringia: Blankenhain
  16. ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: Elections in Thuringia. Retrieved September 5, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Blankenhain's private website .
  18. ↑ A worthy place for herbs, bottles and recipes. (Pharmacy museum in the city pharmacy with meeting place). In: Eckart Roloff , Karin Henke-Wendt: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 2: Southern Germany. S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-7776-2511-9 , pp. 228-229.