Hainichen (Thuringia)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′  N , 11 ° 37 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Thuringia
County :	Saale-Holzland district
Management Community :	Dornburg-Camburg
Height :	327 m above sea level NHN
Area :	5.32 km 2
Residents:	194 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	36 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	07778
Area code :	036427
License plate :	SHK, EIS, SRO
Community key :	16 0 74 036
Address of the municipal administration:	Dorfstrasse 24 07778 Hainichen
Website :	www.hainichen-online.de
Mayor :	Olaf Heidler
Location of the municipality of Hainichen in the Saale-Holzland district

Hainichen is a municipality in the north of the Saale-Holzland district and part of the Dornburg-Camburg administrative community . It is divided into the districts of Hainichen and Stiebritz .

geography

Geographical location

Hainichen is relatively remote on the northern edge of the Hain forest and is connected to the L 2301 state road, one kilometer away, via the K 149 district road. The city of Jena is approx. 14 km away. After Weimar is 25 km away and the state capital Erfurt km 50th The closest federal highway is the B 88 5 km east in the Saale valley and the next motorway is the A 4 18 km south.

Adjacent communities are clockwise Zimmer in the east, Neuengönna in the southeast, Lehesten in the southwest and the city and rural community Bad Sulza in the north. The latter municipality is part of the Weimarer Land district, the others, like Hainichen, belong to the Saale-Holzland district.

geology

The municipality belongs to the Upper Muschelkalk . While in the highest forest-free areas of Hainichen the soil is stony and not very fertile, the northeast of the municipality has good agricultural conditions due to extensive loess deposits .

Waters

The water in the municipality flows over the Gönnerbach and its tributaries Stiebritzer Bach and Lichtendorfer Bach as well as over the Erdengraben into the Saale . While Stiebritz is well supplied with groundwater due to its location in a flat mountain saddle , the inhabitants of Hainichen had to bring their water from the wells in the pastures and Radborn, which are 1 km away .

Hainich district

About two thirds of the area belonging to Hainichen consists of flat, mostly fertile, arable land of the Ilm-Saale-Platte , which is to the north and west of the Flur. The other third is the Haincher Forest. This, together with the adjacent Nerkewitzer Grund , is an ideal local recreation area . South of the village is at 338 m above sea level. NN the highest elevation in the municipality and the Ilm-Saale-Platte north of the Gönna valley.

history

Prehistory and early history

Due to the good soil and water conditions, the plateau between the Saale and Ilm has been almost continuously populated since the Neolithic. Gotthard Neumann already identified the following cultures and epochs on the basis of readings in the Hainicher Flur: older to younger linear ceramics (5500–4900 BC), stitched ceramics (4900–4500 BC), Rössen culture (4500–4300 BC). Chr.), Corded ceramics (2800–2200 BC), Bell Beaker Culture (2600–2200 BC), Aunjetitz Culture (2300–1500 BC), Urnfield Culture (1300–800 BC), Hallstatt D (650–475 BC), Latène A (480–400 BC), Roman Empire (0–400 AD), Slavs (700–1100 / 1200 AD). Essential findings are due to the prehistoric and early historical collection of the Hainich pastor Arno Schröder (1867–1925), which has been part of the prehistory and early historical collection of the University of Jena since 1926 .

Of outstanding scientific importance is, on the one hand, a ceramic clay idol and , on the other hand, a bowl stone , the so-called stone of Hainichen, found in the forest in 1883 . He also bears Christian symbols and was thus exorcised .

History of Hainichen

Hainichen was first mentioned in a document in 1284 in a document from Burgrave Otto von Kirchberg, who gave the Heusdorf monastery the Hain forest , which lies between the village of Hain ( villam Indaginem ) and the Ginna stream (Gönnabach).

In the south of today's location there was a castle, which probably served as an outpost or ministerial castle for the royal palace in Dornburg. In the 12th century the burgraves of Kirchberg took over the property, a branch of their family also called themselves von Hain . During this time, a farmers' settlement was relocated from a spring trough further north to the shelter of the castle, so that today's place Hainichen was created.

JC Zenker reports in his "Taschenbuch von Jena" that the castle Burgstadel was located in Hainchen (= small grove), which was owned by the Lords of Molewitz and a Vorwerk, called Hofstad, which the taverns of Kefernburg held as fiefdoms ; They sold the village with the castle and the works [...] to the Michaeliskloster in Jena in 1355. The so-called moat still exists in the village.

From 1354 to 1355 Hainichen was sold by the Kirchbergers to the Cistercian convent of St. Michael in Jena. Since 1535 Hainichen belonged to the lordly office of Jena and was transferred to the office of Dornburg in 1822 .

The 17th and 18th centuries were marked by economic setbacks. In 1640, as a result of the Thirty Years' War, only 17 people lived in the village. In 1717 and 1751 the whole village fell victim to fires. At the time of the Battle of Jena , reports of looting and billeting were reported. Because of the comparatively small fields, only about 15 families could live on agriculture. The remaining inhabitants pursued various branches of trade. It is also worth mentioning the viticulture, which was operated from the 13th to 19th centuries on the slopes of the Nerkewitzer Grund. Hainich residents temporarily cultivated around 6 hectares of vineyards in the Stiebritzer and Zimmerchen hallways.

The parish housed in Hainichen also supplied the Stiebritz (since 1529) and Zimmer (since 1821) branches. At the same time, the Hainich children went to school in Stiebritz. In 1977 the parish was merged with Nerkewitz.

In 1910 the place was electrified .

8 residents lost their lives in World War II . Eighteen resettled families were sent to Hainichen. In April 1945, Hainichen, like all of Thuringia, was occupied by US troops and passed on to the Red Army in July . So it became part of the Soviet Zone and, from 1949, of the GDR .

In 1955 the house of culture was built. In 1958 the community was connected to the water supply network and the LPG "Anselm Feuerbach" was founded. Today's community was created on February 1, 1969 through the merger of Hainichen and Stiebritz.

From 1995 to 1997 a village renewal program was carried out. From 1994 the municipality belonged to the administrative community Dornburg, which expanded in 2005 to today's administrative community Dornburg-Camburg.

The district of Hainichen alone had 104 inhabitants in 2003.

year Residents Houses 1510 11 unknown 1817 110 unknown 1836 155 38 1878 159 38 1927 120 unknown 1939 100 unknown

Development of the population (as of December 31)

1973: 239 1976: 245 1986: 237 1990: 211 1991: 206

1994: 205 1995: 195 1996: 197 1997: 192 1998: 204 1999: 205

2000: 209 2001: 209 2002: 204 2003: 201 2004: 205 2005: 202

2006: 203 2007: 193 2008: 186 2009: 185 2010: 183 2011: 197

2012: 200 2013: 194 2014: 197 2015: 194 2016: 187 2017: 196

2018: 202 2019: 194

Source: District archive of the Saale-Holzland district, Thuringian State Office for Statistics

Culture and sights in Hainichen

church

Church in Hainichen

The Hainich village church consists of parts of a Romanesque chapel, which was extended to the east during the Gothic period . A testimony to this previous building is the entrance portal with architectural features from the 12th century. On the eastern part of the nave there is a baroque tower. The only church bell is in a bell house next to the church. At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, the pulpit altar and galleries were set up, and an organ was installed in 1821.

The "Burgstadel"

There is an old castle site in the southeast of the village. The facility is presumably connected to the Altstrasse , which led from the Saale valley through the Hanicher forest up to the Ilm-Saale-Platte. From this road some ravines have survived in the forest between Hainichen and Neuengönna. The castle is mentioned in 1354 and 1355 and was owned by the burgraves of Kirchberg . The site is indicated by the remains of a moat, a surrounding ring road as well as the name "Burg" and a flat hill with two small storage buildings.

Regular events

• Hainich pond festival

Personalities

• Johann Adam Bergk (1769–1834), private scholar, philosopher and translator
• Paul Johann Anselm von Feuerbach (1775–1833), legal scholar
• Arno Schröder (1867–1925), pastor and prehistorian
• Hugo Jacob (1883–1949), senior teacher and local history researcher

literature

• Gotthard Neumann : The stone from Hainichen near Dornburg ad S., an important religious-historical document. In: Old Thuringia. Vol. 1, 1953/1954, ISSN  0065-6585 , pp. 304-327 .
• 725 years of Hainichen. A commemorative publication for the 725th anniversary of the town. Hainichen 2009.
• Hans Rhode, Heidrun Rhode: 830 years of viticulture in the Gönnatal (1182–2012). A contribution to the history of viticulture in the communities of Hainichen, Lehesten, Neuengönna and Zimmer north of Jena. H. Rhode, Stiebritz 2012, ISBN 978-3-00-038902-3 .
• Andrei Zahn : Hainichen - Würchhausen - Stöben, hill towers on the Saale . In: Castles and palaces in Saxony-Anhalt: notifications from the Saxony-Anhalt regional group of the German Castle Association - Halle, Saale: regional group . 28.2019, in preparation.

Web links

Commons : Hainichen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Private websites about Hainichen

Individual evidence

1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
2. ^ Heidrun Rhode: The field as a historical archive. A booklet accompanying the prehistoric and early historical collection in the Stiebritz Local History Museum. H. Rhode, Stiebritz 2012.
3. ^ Andrei Zahn: The residents of the city of Dornburg. 13th to 18th century. Volume 2: Family book Dornburg / Saale (Saale-Holzland-Kreis) (= sources on the history of the town and office of Dornburg / Saale. 4 = German local family books. Series B, 373 = Central German local family books of the AMF. 32 , ZDB -ID 2385367-0 ). Printed as a manuscript. Silver print, Niestetal 2006.
4. ↑ Jonathan C. Zenker : Historical-topographical pocket book of Jena and its surroundings, especially in scientific and medical relationship. Frommann, Jena 1836, p. 155 .
5. ^ Festschrift 700 years of Hainichen and 30 years of Heimatfest; Church button; Home bells
6. ↑ Here, however, only the taxable heads of houses are listed who taxed goods belonging to the Michaeliskloster in Jena. However, there were other feudal lords in the place, which z. B. shows a register of 1420.
7. ↑ Detlef Ignasiak: On the Saale and in the woodland. A cultural and historical guide through the area around the university town of Jena. quartus-Verlag, Jena 1997, ISBN 3-931505-17-0 .
8. ↑ District archive of the Saale-Holzland district, municipality of Hainichen with the district of Stiebritz, municipal directories from 1946.
9. ↑ http://www.statistik.thueringen.de/seite.asp?aktiv=dat01&startbei=datenbank/default2.asp
10. ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. 2nd, expanded and revised edition. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2003, ISBN 3-910141-56-0 .